The tyre industry faces growing pressure to reduce fossil-based inputs, prompting a shift towards bio-based materials as industrial alternatives. Once a niche research area, bio-based solutions are now entering mainstream engineering as manufacturers balance performance and sustainability. This shift is clear in next-generation fillers, with companies like UPM advancing lignin-based solutions from concept to commercial validation.

Florian Diehl, Director of Sales RFF at UPM Biochemicals GmbH, explained that the company positions its BioMotion renewable functional fillers (RFF) as a new material class that addresses sustainability while delivering measurable performance gains.

NEXT-GEN FILLERS

Functional fillers are not peripheral to tyre design; they are central. Typically accounting for nearly 30 percent of a tyre’s composition, materials such as carbon black and precipitated silica have defined performance characteristics for decades. Against this entrenched backdrop, UPM’s innovation is not incremental – it is structural. “This is not a one-to-one drop-in replacement for carbon black, but rather a new material class that sits somewhere between carbon black and silica, with some properties closer to carbon black and others closer to silica,” said Diehl.

This approach is intentional. Instead of matching legacy materials, UPM expands the formulation options for tyre engineers, though this adds complexity. “You cannot just take out carbon black and put in RFF without making adjustments, because while it can replace both carbon black and silica to some extent, it requires changes in the formulation and curing system,” Diehl added.

Adoption will require iterative, collaborative development between material suppliers and tyre manufacturers.

PROOF THROUGH PARTNERSHIP

The collaboration between UPM and Nokian Tyres marks a key milestone in applying material innovation. In June 2024, they introduced the Green Step Ligna concept tyre, the first to use UPM BioMotion RFF, a fully renewable, wood-based lignin material. In this tyre, all fossil-derived carbon black in the sidewalls has been replaced by the lignin-based filler.

The concept tyre demonstrates the practical viability of lignin-based material in tyres and sets a higher benchmark for environmental responsibility in the industry.

For UPM, this collaboration is a strategic turning point. It marks the company’s entry into global tyre markets with renewable functional fillers and supports scaling its biorefinery business through proven application value.

Diehl noted that such collaborations are essential for industrial validation.

“The Nokian Tyres case is the only one we can discuss publicly, but we are working with most major tyre companies behind the scenes, even though we are not allowed to disclose their names,” he said.

PERFORMANCE STILL DOMINATES

Despite the strong sustainability narrative, Diehl was unequivocal that performance remains the primary driver of adoption. “For example, Nokian Tyres reported that when they replaced virgin carbon black in the sidewall, they observed improved rolling resistance, which is a clear performance advantage,” he said. This is consistent with early test findings, which suggest that substituting traditional fillers with RFF can enhance efficiency while reducing environmental impact.

Rolling resistance is particularly critical in electric vehicles, where it directly influences battery range. “In inner liner applications, we have seen that it improves air impermeability, meaning the tyre retains air pressure better, which is another functional benefit,” Diehl noted.

UPM’s data confirms improved air retention and efficiency as key outcomes.

The material’s lower density also reduces weight. “Compared to carbon black and silica, our material has a lower density, so you need less material, which makes the final product lighter and further supports improvements in rolling resistance,” Diehl said.

LIGNIN: UNLOCKING AN UNDERUTILISED RESOURCE

The foundation of UPM’s innovation lies in lignin, a natural polymer that has historically been undervalued. “Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer and is present in all plants, but in the paper industry, it is typically separated and burned as an energy source rather than being used as a material,” Diehl explained.

For UPM, this represented a strategic opportunity. “As a company with deep expertise in wood handling and wood chemistry, we decided to move from fibre-based applications to the molecular level and develop biochemicals,” he said.

Through proprietary processing, lignin is transformed into a rigid particulate filler with controlled surface properties. “We developed a process that converts lignin into a particulate material that behaves like a filler, with tunable surface area and without the typical polymer characteristics,” Diehl added.

This transition – from waste stream to high-performance material – illustrates the broader industrial shift towards biomass valorisation.

SCALING FROM CONCEPT TO INDUSTRY

While the concept tyre proves technical feasibility, scaling is the next critical step. “The material is just becoming commercially available, and manufacturers prefer to test it from the final production site rather than pilot batches, so the current limitation is availability while our Leuna Biorefinery is in its start-up phase,” Diehl explained.

UPM’s Leuna biorefinery is central to addressing this. “At our biorefinery in Leuna, we will produce a total of 220,000 tonnes of biochemicals, with renewable functional fillers representing a significant share,” he said.

The facility itself represents a substantial industrial commitment, with investment exceeding EUR 1 billion and designed to convert sustainably sourced hardwood into next-generation biochemicals.

Crucially, scalability is underpinned by feedstock availability. “Lignin is already available at industrial scale in pulp and paper mills, so if the market adopts our solution, we can scale production significantly,” Diehl added.

COMPLEMENTARY MATERIAL STRATEGY

The rise of recovered carbon black (rCB) adds complexity to sustainability efforts. UPM positions its material as complementary rather than competitive. “We see our solution as complementary, meaning tyre manufacturers can use recovered carbon black alongside our renewable functional fillers to replace fossil-based carbon black,” Diehl said.

He also challenged assumptions around cost. “There is a perception that recovered carbon black is cheaper, but in some European markets, we hear that it can even be more expensive than virgin carbon black,” he noted. This suggests future tyre compounds will likely blend recycled and renewable inputs, rather than rely on a single alternative.

MARKET STRATEGY: PREMIUM FIRST

UPM’s commercial approach follows a well-established pathway for advanced materials. “As with most new materials, we expect initial adoption in premium segments before it gradually expands into the mass market, although this transition will take time,” Diehl said.

Premium manufacturers are expected to lead this transition, with emerging global players likely to follow as they move up the value chain.

ELECTRIFICATION DRIVES CHANGE

The rise of electric vehicles introduces new performance constraints. “Electrification will have a clear impact on tyre design because vehicles are becoming heavier and have higher torque, which makes wear resistance more critical,” Diehl said.

UPM is already adapting. “With our current solutions, we would not yet fully meet all requirements in such applications, which is why we are already working on a second generation that can compete more effectively,” he added.

SUSTAINABILITY

UPM’s RFF is positioned as a 100 percent renewable, CO₂-negative solution (from cradle to gate, considering the biogenic carbon and purchasing 100 percent green electricity), contributing to reduced reliance on fossil-based materials. However, Diehl is candid about market realities. “A few years ago, sustainability was the dominant driver, but today the focus has shifted towards combining sustainability with performance,” he said. “The willingness to pay higher prices is currently limited, which is a challenge, even though we believe our material delivers additional value,” he added.

REGULATION NOT ENOUGH

“There are discussions around end-of-life tyre regulations that could include bio-based quotas, which would support solutions like ours,” Diehl said. Yet he remains cautious. “Ultimately, the product must deliver performance, because regulations can change and cannot be relied upon as the only factor,” he added.

“We designed our processes so that the material can be handled and dispersed in a similar way to traditional carbon black and silica,” Diehl said. “When tyres containing our material are recycled, the filler will end up in pyrolysis oil, similar to natural rubber,” he added.

MEASURED TRANSFORMATION

UPM’s strategy focuses on systematic integration: introducing a new material class, validating it through partnerships and scaling it through industrial infrastructure. The Nokian Tyres concept tyre offers a tangible glimpse of what that future may look like: a tyre in which fossil-derived fillers are partially or fully replaced by renewable alternatives, without compromising performance. As Diehl concluded, “we are convinced the product delivers the performance and provides additional value, and will succeed in the market.”

Kraton Corporation, a leading global producer of speciality polymers and high-value bio-based chemicals derived from pine wood pulping co-products, has announced a price increase of USD 220 per metric tonne, equivalent to USD 0.10 per pound, across all polymer products sold in North America. The affected lines include Kraton D SBS, Kraton D SIS and Kraton G SEBS/SEPS.

According to the company, the adjustment is necessary to offset significant and sustained increases in feedstocks, energy, logistics, process materials and other manufacturing costs. The increase will take effect on 1 December 2026 or as permitted by applicable contracts.

Evonik, a global speciality chemicals company, has completed a EUR 52 million expansion of its silicone platform at the Essen Goldschmidtstrasse site in Germany, constructing a new production plant and a large tank farm. The facility raises output capacity for organomodified silicones, a core product group in the company’s global silicone network.

The Essen site operates as a central node in that network, closely tied to Evonik facilities in Geesthacht, Obernburg and Wittenburg in Germany, Pandino in Italy, Shanghai in China and Hopewell, Virginia, in the United States. The expansion strengthens the resilience of this international production system by lessening the need to ship intermediates and finished goods between locations.

Logistics infrastructure has been optimised to support more efficient operations. A new 150-metre pipe bridge links four production units and 15 manufacturing assets to the tank farm, which comprises five stainless-steel tanks, the tallest standing 24 metere and holding substantial quantities of key raw materials. The result is steadier production, more robust supply chains and reduced reliance on short-term deliveries. The tank farm has enlarged the Essen site from 32 to 35 hectares.

The project was executed with the site fully operational and despite constrained space, drawing on roughly 80 Evonik employees and over 230 contractors from 25 partner companies. Essen Goldschmidtstrasse also features in Evonik’s newly developed long-term plans, which assign a clear profile to each of six major production sites – Essen Goldschmidtstrasse, Marl, Wesseling, Darmstadt/Weiterstadt, Rheinfelden and Hanau – as guidelines for future development. Under this framework, Essen Goldschmidtstrasse is positioned as a centre of excellence for customer-specific formulations.

Lauren Kjeldsen, the Evonik Management Board member responsible for the Custom Solutions segment, to which the business belongs, said, “This expansion strengthens our silicone production platform, enhancing supply chain resilience and creating a strong foundation for profitable growth. This latest investment highlights the important role that our innovative German sites play in the success of our global operations.”

Roberto VilaKeller, head of the responsible Business Line Interface & Polyurethane Additives, said, “The investment in Essen strengthens our global production network and further enhances our ability to serve customers reliably around the world. It significantly expands our production capabilities, reduces potential bottlenecks and creates opportunities for future growth in attractive markets.”

Thomas Kufen, Mayor of Essen, said, “At a time when industrial investment is more important than ever, projects of this scale send a strong signal for Essen’s economy and the wider region. They secure high-quality jobs, strengthen competitiveness and demonstrate the international attractiveness of our city as an industrial hub.”

The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) has published its Monthly Natural Rubber Statistical Report for September 2026, a month marked by broad-based price gains. Firm fundamentals, constrained supply and steady downstream demand combined with geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty to lift prices. Renewed Middle East conflict and disruptions to major shipping routes weighed on sentiment, while energy markets were especially affected by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on transiting vessels, which raised risks to global energy supplies and strengthened the crude oil risk premium.

According to the report, physical prices for most major grades advanced. SMR-20 in Kuala Lumpur averaged USD 2.50/kg, up 7.96 percent month-on-month, and STR-20 in Bangkok rose 5.80 percent to USD 2.53/kg. RSS-3 in Bangkok slipped 0.30 percent to USD 2.79/kg, while RSS-4 in Kottayam eased 1.39 percent to USD 2.88/kg. Latex-in-bulk in Malaysia gained 3.60 percent to average USD 1.79/kg. Cautious tyre-manufacturer purchasing, limited to immediate needs after earlier increases, weighed on the RSS market. Latex drew support from tight supply, as persistent rainfall disrupted tapping and limited fresh and concentrated latex availability, while glove, healthcare and industrial demand held stable.

Trade flows diverged. China's imports grew 2.56 percent month-on-month, India's 11.36 percent and Malaysia's 17.85 percent, whereas Viet Nam's fell 3.40 percent. Exports rose 3.07 percent in Thailand, 7.30 percent in Malaysia and 1.91 percent in Cambodia, while Indonesia edged down 1.40 percent and Viet Nam recorded the steepest decline at 9.72 percent.

Global production is projected at 15.039 million tonnes in 2026, up 0.6 percent from 14.953 million tonnes in 2025, with September output estimated at 1.4 million tonnes. Uneven rainfall and elevated temperatures slowed supply recovery across Southeast Asia. Global demand is forecast to rise 0.4 percent to 15.356 million tonnes from 15.301 million tonnes, with the largest volume increases among ANRPC member countries. Prospects depend on vehicle sales, tyre production, shipping conditions and weather-related disruptions, while expanding electric-vehicle markets in China, India and Europe support modest growth.

The ringgit traded between RM4.04 and RM4.10 per US dollar, and the baht between THB 32.89 and 33.55. The SHFE January 2027 contract averaged CNY 19,070/tonne, up 5.3 percent month-on-month, and the SGX December 2026 contract averaged USD 2.41/kg, up 7.6 percent. Brent crude averaged USD 114.16 per barrel, a 25.3 percent monthly increase driven by geopolitical risks and shipping disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz.

Birla Carbon, a leading global supplier of carbon materials, will exhibit at the International Rubber Conference (IRC) 2026, scheduled for 2–6 November in Nagoya, Japan, at Booth B. The company aims to address application-specific demands arising from the shift towards electric mobility, which places greater emphasis on tyre wear and energy efficiency while requiring automotive rubber components to balance durability with ride comfort.

A Very High Structure (VHS) lineup awaits manufacturers of passenger car, light truck, truck and bus tyres. These grades were engineered to meet electrification requirements and tightening standards such as Euro 7, delivering gains in tread wear, energy efficiency and tyre longevity.

Sustainability also features prominently. The company's Continua Sustainable Carbonaceous Materials (SCM) and Sustainable Carbon Blacks (SCB) lines, which contain higher levels of recycled or bio-based material, are intended to help tyre makers pursue circularity targets. Their dependable quality and ability to be supplied at scale in large volumes make them viable for production use, and the Continua range carries ISCC PLUS certification.

Mechanical rubber goods round out the display. Grades aimed at bushings enhance mixing and dispersion, contributing to fatigue life and component durability, while formulations for mounts pair low hysteresis and low stiffness with reinforcement so that durable parts can be produced without sacrificing ride comfort. Drop-in grades for extrusion reduce defects, scrap and screen-pack changes while raising throughput and extending service life. Simulation and technical expertise help customers assess materials, and global production plus Asian capacity growth support long-term supply.

Amit Kumar, President – Asia, Birla Carbon, said, “Asia’s tyre and rubber manufacturers are shaping the next phase of mobility, and their material requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. As the clear leader in our industry, Birla Carbon aims to grow alongside our customers, combining application-focused innovation with dependable local supply. We see performance and circularity as priorities that must progress together. By expanding our capabilities in Asia and strengthening customer partnerships, we aim to help manufacturers meet evolving market needs and build greater long-term competitiveness.”