As vehicle emissions regulations evolve, the lack of global uniformity is becoming a growing concern for OEMs and tyre manufacturers. With disparate standards across regions, companies are forced to navigate a complex regulatory maze, straining research and development and production resources. The shift towards electric mobility coupled with heightened focus on non-tailpipe emissions, such as tyre and brake abrasion, further amplifies the need for harmonised frameworks. Industry leaders including Audi’s Sebastian Gramstat argue that collaboration across borders and sectors is essential not just for compliance but for meaningful progress in sustainability and innovation.

Tyre regulations are rules and standards established to ensure that tyres used on vehicles meet safety, environmental and performance criteria. The impetus on new and updated regulations is also growing across regions to reduce pollution brought about by tyre abrasion, rolling noise etc.

The ECE R30, ECE R117, EU Tyre Labelling Regulation (2020/740), which is implemented within the European countries, or JIS Standards of Japan, CCC Certification of China, AIS 142 and BIS Certification of India and FMVSS, DOT Code and UTQG of the United States are different region-specific regulations aiming for a same outcome.

But the vastness of these regulations poses as a challenge for automobile OEMs and tyre makers alike as a lot of energy and resources have to be diverted within production and research and development lines to meet these standards.

Furthermore, the advancement of electric mobility and changes in vehicle dynamics are also slated to impose new regulations worldwide. Hence, the need for a uniform regulation has become a precondition.

Speaking to Tyre Trends on the need for uniform regulations, Dr Sebastian Gramstat, Senior Expert Development Brake System, Audi AG, averred, “Our company delivers products globally and having a unified standard is far more efficient than navigating a patchwork of regional requirements and regulations. Harmonisation brings clear operational and strategic advantages. That’s why we actively support and participate in standardisation and harmonisation working groups.”

“The European Union is involved through bodies such as the Joint Research Centre (JRC), but we also recognise the unique demands of other markets, particularly the US, where customer expectations can diverge significantly. These are often beyond the immediate scope of EU regulators. Our role is to help connect these dots by facilitating dialogue, sharing insights and contributing to building a global standard that benefits the entire ecosystem. We believe this collaborative approach is not only useful but essential to moving the industry forward,” he added.

The need for uniformity is exacerbated as OEMs and tyre makers continuously amp up research and development efforts to curb noise and air pollution from tyres. “Noise pollution, particulate matter or overall tyre wear remains a challenge. And the first step to tackle it is collaboration to develop a standardised method for accurately measuring tyre abrasion and wear. We are also working on such collaborations. Without reliable quantification, you can’t evaluate whether any mitigation measure is actually effective,” said Dr Gramstat.

He added, “This method needs to be robust, applicable across a wide range of real-world scenarios and globally accepted. That’s why we’re collaborating not only with industry partners and academia but also with regulatory authorities. This effort is taking place under the auspices of the United Nations and involves close coordination with national bodies, ministries and the European Commission. The goal is to ensure that the methodology we develop isn’t just technically sound but also internationally harmonised with Euro 7 regulations and integrated into UN regulations so it can be implemented consistently across Europe, North America, Asia and beyond.”

THE EURO 7

Tyres are a crucial component of overall vehicle design to the extent that many OEMs have dedicated in-house departments focused solely on tyre development, including Audi AG. While tyres aren’t developed in isolation, the process involves close collaboration with manufacturers to meet specific, often bespoke, requirements. These custom specifications ensure the tyre aligns with the car’s performance targets and regulatory demands including type approval.

When selecting a tyre, OEMs weigh multiple parameters; safety, performance and comfort are chief among them. But increasingly, attention is also given to sustainability and economy. Factors like tyre abrasion, longevity and fuel efficiency are becoming just as critical, particularly as regulatory frameworks begin to formalise such requirements.

Ultimately, the process involves balancing trade-offs. As Dr Gramstat put it, no tyre can deliver 100 percent on every metric. The goal is to find the best possible compromise – one that supports a premium product and meets both regulatory standards and consumer expectations.

Euro 7 is the upcoming EU vehicle emissions regulation set to take effect from 2025 for cars and vans and 2027 for trucks and buses. It introduces stricter limits on nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and particulate emissions, covering both combustion and electric vehicles.

It also regulates brake and tyre emissions and requires compliance under real driving conditions. It aims to cut air pollution, support the European Green Deal and standardise emission rules across vehicle types.

Alluding to whether the industry is ready to adopt the regulation, Dr Gramstat noted, “The industry is well-positioned for adoption. The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) plays a central role in coordinating the efforts of tyre manufacturers across the continent, including legacy European brands and Asian manufacturers, with research and development and production facilities in Europe. Beyond Europe, we’re seeing strong international engagement. U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association (USTMA) is actively involved, and on the global standards side, ISO is working in parallel to develop the necessary technical frameworks. Stakeholders from China are also contributing significantly. This is no longer just a regional conversation but a truly global initiative. Experts from continents are collaborating to align regulatory, technical and industrial priorities, ensuring the tyre industry is prepared to meet the evolving demands of Euro 7 and beyond.”

Further outlining the impact of the regulation, he said, “Tyre manufacturers have largely operated under internal benchmarks for metrics like mileage and abrasion till date. Euro 7 represents a shift towards formal regulation, creating a harmonised framework that applies to the entire industry. This will undoubtedly influence existing design priorities. There’s a complex interplay between various tyre performance criteria such as wet grip, rolling resistance, noise and abrasion. Regulatory limits on one can impact the others, so the challenge will be to minimise trade-offs while maintaining overall performance. At this stage, it’s difficult to offer a one-size-fits-all answer. The impact will vary depending on vehicle type.”

REPLACEMENTS

Premium automobile OEMs like Audi have been using tyres from premium European tyre makers for decades. But as the status of Asian manufacturers changes, there might be room for such companies within the supply chain of premium car makers.

“At the end of the day, it’s not about the brand label but meeting the technical and performance specifications we define. Whether a supplier operates in the premium or high-volume segment, what matters is its ability to fulfil our requirements. If a manufacturer can meet those benchmarks and is willing to collaborate and co-develop with us, then they’re absolutely welcome. Competition in the supplier landscape is a positive force. It drives innovation, efficiency and ultimately better outcomes for the end consumer. We believe valuable ideas can come from any corner of the market and we’re open to partners who share our commitment to quality, performance and progress,” said Dr Gramstat.

He also acknowledged that there is a growing trend within the company to include tyres made from renewable and recycled materials. “The move towards sustainable materials is more than a marketing exercise. It’s becoming embedded in product development strategies across the industry. We’re already seeing recycled content being integrated into certain product lines, and the ambition from suppliers to scale this up is very real. What’s encouraging is that this isn’t limited to one-off pilot products. There’s genuine momentum towards making sustainability a core part of tyre manufacturing. For us, this aligns with our broader sustainability goals, and we see it as a critical area of innovation moving forward,” said Dr Gramstat.

However, the executive emphasised the importance of maintaining a balance too. According to him, sustainability is just one of several key factors in vehicle design while others include safety, comfort, performance and cost. He stressed that no single aspect, including sustainability, could come at the expense of another.

To meet these multi-dimensional goals, additional research and development efforts are required to create a product that meets safety and performance standards while also addressing environmental concerns. Economy remains a consideration as well. Internal research conducted under a European-funded project suggested that customers are, in fact, willing to pay a premium for more sustainable products but only up to a point. Price sensitivity remains a limiting factor.

Turning towards next-generation tyre concepts such as airless tyres, Dr Gramstat noted that innovative ideas like this were once viewed as distant possibilities but are now gaining traction. He cited the LEON-TI project from four years ago, in which airless tyre prototypes were first explored. Since then, similar concepts have been tested by various companies, including in pilot programmes for commercial delivery fleets in Asia.

Although these innovations show promise, particularly for reducing noise emissions and improving durability, they are still in advanced development stages.

THE FUTURE IS CHANGING

As the automotive industry moves towards electrification, the conversation around ‘zero-emission’ vehicles is evolving. Dr Gramstat acknowledged that while electric vehicles eliminate tailpipe emissions, other sources of pollution such as brake and tyre abrasion remain unaddressed in regulatory terms.

Currently, there are no standardised methods for measuring particulate emissions from these sources, but the industry is actively working on it. According to the executive, regulatory bodies and stakeholders are collaborating to develop measurement frameworks. Once these standards are in place, automakers will be able to quantify non-tailpipe emissions and provide a more accurate assessment of a vehicle’s overall environmental footprint.

The executive stressed that collaboration across the value chain is essential, especially between vehicle manufacturers and tyre companies. Such partnerships already exist within serial and advanced development efforts, including participation in the United Nations’ GRBP task force, which brings together manufacturers, tyre associations and regulators to advance tyre abrasion standards.

Weight reduction remains another key challenge. Automakers continue to look for ways to decrease vehicle mass but face constraints. Safety regulations now require more sensors and electronic control units (ECUs), which cumulatively increase vehicle weight. Although each component adds little individually, the growing number of sensors and accompanying wiring has a significant cumulative impact.

As for tyre development, the question of smart tyre was also addressed. While such technology offers valuable insights during research and development phases, Dr Gramstat expressed scepticism about its near-term viability for mass-market vehicles.

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Italian premium tyre manufacturer Pirelli has equipped the new McLaren W1 supercar with three bespoke tyre fitments made from more than 50 percent bio-based and recycled materials. This figure has been certified by the independent body Bureau Veritas.

Pirelli is the sole tyre supplier for the new model, which features a hybrid powertrain capable of delivering up to 1,275 PS and 1,340 Nm. The W1 has acceleration of zero to 300 kmph in less than 12.7 seconds and a top speed limited to 350 kmph.

The three new tyres – P Zero R, P Zero Trofeo RS and P Zero Winter 2 – were developed in collaboration with McLaren's R&D teams, starting in a virtual environment with driving simulation technology before progressing to physical tests. Testing locations included the Nardo circuit in southern Italy and the Idiada track in Spain.

The fitments cover every aspect of the supercar's use:

• P Zero R: Designed for daily driving.
• P Zero Trofeo RS: A track-biased tyre delivering high performance.
• P Zero Winter 2: Handles colder seasons.

All three tyres for the W1 will be produced at Pirelli’s plant in Settimo Torinese, Italy.

These bespoke P Zero tyres are the first supercar tyres to be made with over 50 percent bio-based and recycled materials. This is part of Pirelli’s industrial plan, which aims to launch the first tyres containing 80 percent of these materials by 2030. The company’s P Zero E, launched in 2023, was the first tyre on the market to contain more than 55 percent bio-based and recycled materials.

A logo identifies all Pirelli products containing at least 50 percent sustainable materials.

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Italian engineering firm Comerio Ercole S.p.A. said its participation at K2025 in Düsseldorf exceeded expectations, underscoring its reputation as a global leader in technological innovation and sustainable industrial development.

During the week-long plastics and rubber trade fair, Comerio Ercole’s booth became a major hub for international engagement, welcoming delegations from across Europe, Asia and the Americas. The company said visitors expressed “genuine and concrete interest” in its advanced technologies and long-term sustainability vision.

“The quantity and quality of specific requests received from clients and new contacts alike were truly remarkable,” Comerio Ercole said in a statement, adding that many inquiries related to “ambitious, tailor-made projects” that its R&D team has already begun studying.

The company also celebrated its 140th anniversary at the fair on 11 October , with organisers surprising the team with a commemorative cake — a gesture reserved for exhibitors marking milestone anniversaries.

“K2025 was a success: we return home inspired, proud and motivated to continue innovating for a more sustainable and dynamic industrial future,” the company said.

Separately, Comerio Ercole announced it had been recognised for the fifth consecutive year among Italy’s top-performing companies in sustainability, ranking in the Top 75 for Integrated Finance and the Top 100 for Sustainability Excellence 2025.

The Sustainability Award, presented recently at Borsa Italiana in Milan, honours companies that integrate ESG principles into their business strategies while turning environmental and social challenges into opportunities for innovation.

Representing the company at the ceremony were Olga Comerio, Board Member of Comerio 1885 Holding Società Benefit, and Riccardo Comerio, CEO of Comerio Ercole.

“We know there is still much to do, but we are committed every day to improving, with a strong focus on environmental sustainability, responsible resource management and innovation for a greener future,” said Riccardo Comerio.

The event, attended by institutional and industry leaders, featured key partners including Kon Group, Elite Euronext Group, Altis Advisory, Università Cattolica, Open-es, Eni, BCG, Google Cloud, RepRisk, Azimut Italia and Forbes Italia.

Founded in 1885 and headquartered in Busto Arsizio, Italy, Comerio Ercole specialises in high-precision engineering solutions for the rubber and plastics industries, combining technological excellence with a strong commitment to sustainable industrial development.

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In a significant leadership transition, PCBL Chemical, a part of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group, has appointed Nilesh Koul as its Managing Director for a five-year term, effective immediately. The company's Board confirmed this appointment during its meeting on 3 November 2025 subject to final ratification by shareholders through a postal ballot. This change was prompted by the resignation of the former Managing Director, Kaushik Roy, who stepped down for personal reasons, effective from the same date. The Board emphasised that selecting Koul is a strategic step aimed at ensuring leadership continuity and driving the company's future growth.

Koul is an experienced leader with a career spanning 28 years across diverse sectors including metals, oil and gas, construction materials and FMCG. His professional background includes senior executive roles at prominent organisations such as Hindalco Industries, British Petroleum, Castrol India, LafargeHolcim and Pidilite Industries, where he managed international operations. His most recent position was Senior President and CEO of the Aluminium Downstream business at Hindalco Industries. Academically, he is a graduate of G B Pant University and an alumnus of IIM-Ahmedabad, and he also serves on the Board of the Aerospace India Association.

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Tire Rack is celebrating the induction of its co-founder and longtime CEO, Mike Joines, into the Tire Industry Hall of Fame. The company credits Joines' automotive passion as the foundational spark for its mission to transform the tyre industry. Under his leadership, Tire Rack pioneered one of the first e-commerce platforms for tyre retailing, fundamentally changing how consumers research and purchase tyres.

The company’s philosophy, established by Joines, centred on empowering customers through comprehensive information rather than just completing a sale. This customer-first approach was built upon providing detailed product reviews, performance testing data, side-by-side comparisons and expert guidance.

Tire Rack also acknowledges that Joines understood the critical role of its team, noting that the ingenuity and integrity of its employees have been the true driving force behind decades of innovation and sustained customer trust. The company honours Joines as an enthusiast, innovator and leader whose devotion remains a source of inspiration.

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