When the tyre industry speaks today about digitalisation, virtual validation and sustainability, it often does so in abstract terms – models, data sets, algorithms and computing power. Yet, at its core, tyre development remains an intrinsically human endeavour. Grip, stability, steering feel and ride comfort are ultimately experienced by people, not machines. Bridging that divide between digital precision and human perception has become one of the defining challenges of modern tyre R&D.

Few companies sit more squarely at that intersection than Ansible Motion. Known globally for its high-fidelity Driver-in-the-Loop (DIL) simulators, the company has, over the past decade and a half, quietly reshaped how vehicle manufacturers, motorsport teams and – most notably – tyre makers think about simulation-led development.

At the centre of this evolution is Salman Safdar, Executive Director at Ansible Motion, whose perspective is shaped not only by technological ambition but also by a deep understanding of how tyres influence the driving experience in ways that no other vehicle component can.

ORIGINS ROOTED IN FIRST PRINCIPLES

Although Ansible Motion is frequently associated with motorsport and advanced vehicle simulation, its origin story is less about racing glamour and more about questioning inherited assumptions. When the company was founded in 2009, the dominant simulator architectures used in motorsport had been adapted from aerospace applications – an approach that Safdar and his colleagues believed was fundamentally flawed.

“When we started the company in 2009, it was to provide an alternative to aerospace-derived simulator architectures that were beginning to make their way into motorsport applications. At the time, many high-level racing teams were investing in technologies that were, from a first principles perspective, better suited to simulating aircraft than ground vehicles,” Safdar explains.

Aircraft and cars, after all, interact with their environments in profoundly different ways. Aerodynamic forces act over long distances and gentle arcs, while tyres generate immediate, localised forces through a constantly changing contact patch. Subtle road surface irregularities, rapid directional changes and short-range visual cues define the driving experience on the ground.“We intentionally departed from the popular, but limited, hexapod – or Stewart platform – and invented a novel, six-degree-of-freedom motion system built in logical layers corresponding to primary ground vehicle axes. The intention was that it would be linear, agile and highly dynamic – and that it would be much better suited to simulating ground vehicles than anything else,” Safdar explains.

Tyres, he notes, were central to that architectural rethink from the very beginning. “Tyres are one of the fundamental reasons why ground vehicle simulators need to be architecturally different from aerospace simulators. Directional changes are immediate with tyres… subtle disturbances that result from pavement irregularities are ever-present… human sensory experiences regarding vehicle control and stability are fundamentally different,” he says.

In that sense, tyre performance was embedded in Ansible Motion’s DNA long before the tyre industry itself became a direct customer.

FROM VEHICLE OEMS TO TYRE MANUFACTURERS

For much of its early life, Ansible Motion’s simulators were deployed primarily by vehicle manufacturers and elite motorsport teams. The tyre industry, traditionally more conservative in its adoption of immersive simulation, took longer to engage directly. That has now changed decisively.

“Today, the tyre industry is a core strategic pillar in our simulation R&D and sales pipeline, alongside OEM vehicle development, advanced mobility research programmes and motorsport. Currently, Michelin, Continental, Nexen, and most recently, Kumho Tire are trusting Ansible Motion driving simulators to develop their next generation of tyres,” Safdar says.

This shift reflects broader pressures reshaping tyre R&D. Development cycles are shortening, sustainability targets are tightening and the cost of physical testing – both financial and environmental – is under intense scrutiny. At the same time, the rise of electric vehicles has introduced new performance trade-offs, forcing tyre engineers to balance rolling resistance, noise, durability and grip in unfamiliar combinations.

Against this backdrop, Driver-in-the-Loop simulation has emerged as a powerful complement to conventional modelling and laboratory testing.

WHY DRIVER-IN-THE-LOOP MATTERS

At its simplest, DIL simulation places a human driver inside a virtual vehicle, interacting in real time with simulated tyres, roads and vehicle systems. For Safdar, the value lies precisely in that human presence.

“The key aspect of Driver-in-the-Loop simulation is the human element. Unlike other simulation and lab testing approaches, DIL simulation invites – in fact, it requires – human participation,” he says.

Modern tyre development depends on a complex interplay between objective metrics and subjective perception. Measurements of braking distance, lateral force or rolling resistance must ultimately align with how a tyre feels to a driver – how it communicates grip, how it responds on centre, how it rides over imperfect surfaces.

DIL simulators allow these subjective attributes to be explored much earlier in the development cycle and more frequently than is possible with physical prototypes alone. Crucially, this happens in parallel with traditional simulation and modelling work, not in isolation.

“This allows critical decisions to be made early enough to avoid delays and unexpected expenses in later stages of programmes. It also reduces costs and environmental impacts due to reduced prototyping,” Safdar notes.

Beyond efficiency gains, Safdar emphasises a less tangible but equally important benefit: collaboration. DIL simulators function as hubs where engineers, test drivers and decision-makers can converge around a shared experience.

“In a sense it enables tyre engineers to be engineers – so they can be more creative in a lower-risk environment,” he says.

THE KUMHO TIRE CASE STUDY

The partnership with Kumho Tire provides a clear illustration of how these principles translate into practice. Framed under the banner ‘Driving the Future with Digital Tyres’, the collaboration reflects a shared ambition to accelerate tyre development through digitalisation while embedding subjective assessment earlier in the design process.

“Both Kumho Tire and Ansible have a shared ambition to accelerate tyre development through digitalisation and to inject subjective assessments into earlier tyre design stages,” Safdar says.

Achieving that ambition requires more than just motion hardware. High-fidelity sensory cueing – perfect synchronisation between motion, visuals and steering feedback – is essential if drivers are to trust what they feel in the simulator. Equally important is process optimisation: a computational environment that integrates multiple modelling tools seamlessly and allows engineers to run tests efficiently and extract meaningful data.

Modern tyre development depends on a complex interplay between objective metrics and subjective perception. Measurements of braking distance, lateral force or rolling resistance must ultimately align with how a tyre feels to a driver – how it communicates grip, how it responds on centre, how it rides over imperfect surfaces.

Safdar believes Ansible Motion’s strength lies in precisely that integration capability. “We believe that Kumho Tire, in part, selected Ansible Motion due to our expertise in integrating advanced tyre models with other HIL, MIL, SIL software and hardware elements,” he explains, referencing hardware-, model- and software-in-the-loop methodologies. High-fidelity digital road surfaces, developed by Ansible Motion’s sister company rFpro, also play a key role.

There is also a market reality underpinning the partnership. “Within a highly competitive space, Ansible Motion supplies over 50 percent of engineering-grade DIL simulators to the marketplace. So perhaps there is some confidence in working with us,” Safdar notes.

FROM ASPIRATIONS TO MEASURABLE OUTCOMES

Digital transformation initiatives often falter at the point where aspiration meets execution. Safdar is candid about the need for clear targets and measurable outcomes if DIL simulation is to deliver real value.

“It’s important to have the aspirations in the first place. But it’s important to clearly identify targets and be able to measure achievements towards them,” he says.

He illustrates this using the concept of multi-attribute spider – or radar – charts, commonly used by tyre engineers to visualise trade-offs. For electric vehicle tyres, key attributes might include rolling resistance, durability, noise, wet and dry traction, load capacity and material sustainability. Improvements in one area often come at the expense of another.

“The end goal is to create a tyre that strikes an acceptable balance for a particular vehicle application,” Safdar explains.

The same logic applies to high-performance tyres, albeit with a different set of priorities: dry braking, wet handling, comfort, on-centre feel and tread wear, among others.

“Designing a tyre is a complex process. The utility of DIL simulation lies in its ability to keep real people involved with conceptual – digital – explorations of all the above trade-offs,” he says.

In practical terms, success can be measured in several ways. How much time was saved in reaching a design decision? How many prototype tyres were avoided? Did virtual prototyping improve alignment between objective data and subjective perception?

In some cases, entirely new metrics emerge, such as improved communication between tyre suppliers and vehicle OEMs during fitment programmes.

REPLICATING TYRE-ROAD INTERACTION

A recurring scepticism surrounding simulation is whether virtual environments can ever replicate the complexity of real-world tyre-road interaction with sufficient fidelity. Safdar’s response is clear: the fidelity depends less on the simulator itself and more on the quality of the models it integrates.

“DIL simulation – except for the human participant – is indeed a virtual environment. This means that human-experienced ‘tyres’ and ‘roadways’ and ‘vehicles’ are computer representations,” he says.

Ansible Motion does not develop tyre, road or vehicle models in-house. Instead, it provides an open, scalable co-simulation architecture – the Distributed Data Bus (DDB) – that connects industry-leading third-party models and customer-developed tools in real time.

“This gives our customers an engineering sandbox where they can use and combine different models that come from trusted third-party simulation providers as well as models that they might develop in-house,” Safdar explains.

The result is a test environment where subjective and objective assessments are conducted much as they would be on a proving ground – except that changes are made with keystrokes rather than tools, and hundreds of evaluations can be run without interrupting a driver’s mental state.

Safdar cites a recent example from Ansible Motion’s UK R&D centre, where a customer ran parallel DIL sessions on opposite sides of the globe. Within four hours, the teams gathered sufficient data to inform the next phase of tyre development. The equivalent physical testing, used as a correlation benchmark, had taken two weeks.

“Test drivers were scoring physical tyres against virtual tyres and seeking correlation within five percent – which they achieved,” he says.

THE DELTA S3 ECOSYSTEM

Central to many of these applications is Ansible Motion’s Delta S3 class of DIL simulators, including variants such as the Delta S3 Spin and S3 Thrust. Safdar is careful to describe them not merely as platforms but as complete ecosystems.

“They are turn-key DIL ecosystems that include all aspects of sensory cueing, including high-fidelity motion, visuals, steering feedback, haptics and audio,” he says.

Correlation with real-world data, he argues, is primarily a function of model quality rather than simulator mechanics. The simulator’s role is to deliver sensory cues accurately and collect driver inputs faithfully, while the DDB ensures synchronised execution across all models.

“If a simulator session and its supporting models are set up correctly… correlation is typically not an issue,” Safdar says. Deviations, when they occur, are often treated as valuable insights that help refine the models themselves.

WHERE SIMULATION DELIVERS THE GREATEST VALUE

From a tyre engineer’s perspective, the greatest benefits of simulation-based validation emerge early in the development cycle, when design freedom is at its highest.

“Simulation allows quick sanity checks on the numerous models and directs attention towards focused refinements of the selected few that show promise. This allows significant cost and time saving,” Safdar explains.

Further downstream, DIL simulation can eliminate entire rounds of prototype iterations, particularly in OEM fitment programmes. The return on investment is often easy for tyre manufacturers to quantify. Safdar points to Continental’s estimate that its simulator usage eliminates around 10,000 sets of test tyres per year, along with roughly 100,000 kilometres of physical driving.

MEETING THE EV CHALLENGE

Electric vehicles have intensified the demands placed on tyres. Higher torque loads, increased vehicle mass, stricter noise requirements and heightened sensitivity to rolling resistance all converge in ways that challenge traditional development approaches.

“Ansible Motion simulators can replicate a wide range of EV-specific scenarios, enabling engineers to tune vehicle performance by testing high torque behaviour, instantaneous load changes, lane changes, high-speed cornering and braking, while also modelling NVH and cabin noise more accurately,” Safdar says.

With lightweight vehicle structures limiting the use of sound-deadening materials, tyres play an increasingly prominent role in overall NVH performance. DIL simulators also allow safe exploration of energy efficiency, regenerative braking strategies and charge-deplete cycles.

Crucially, they enable engineers to explore rolling resistance optimisation in the context of competing trade-offs, such as reinforced constructions required to handle battery weight and torque.

DEFINING THE DIGITAL TYRE

Safdar defines a digital tyre as “a validated virtual representation of a real tyre which considers material properties, compound, tread design, tyre profile, contact patch information, aerodynamic and thermodynamic properties.”

Commercial viability depends on establishing strong correlation between digital and physical tyres, often through close collaboration with vehicle OEMs. When implemented effectively, virtual validation reduces reliance on early prototypes – saving time, cost and environmental impact.

“DIL simulation, in particular by incorporating the test driver’s subjective feedback at the early design phase, can inject insights that would otherwise not be discovered, thus avoiding costly late changes,” Safdar notes.

EXPANDING THE GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

Beyond established partnerships with Kumho, Continental and Michelin, Ansible Motion sees growing demand for digital R&D infrastructure across regions, particularly in Asia. OEM-driven virtual development programmes are increasingly mandating simulator use among suppliers.

Emerging markets and new entrants, especially in China’s rapidly expanding EV sector, represent a further growth opportunity. For these companies, simulation offers a way to compete with established brands on speed, cost and measurable ROI.

“Speed, reasonable cost and measurable ROI are key to success. And we’re happy that this falls within the core competencies of Ansible Motion’s products and solutions,” Safdar says.

LOOKING AHEAD

Over the next 5–10 years, Safdar expects tyre development to be shaped increasingly by digital twins and AI-generated models incorporating new compounds and manufacturing processes. Validation demands will rise, as will regulatory scrutiny, making simulation indispensable not only for development but also for homologation.

“Subjective driver evaluation remains a critical cornerstone of the driving experience and brand identity,” he says. Sustainability pressures will further accelerate the shift towards virtual validation.

“If we can help reduce environmental impacts and reliance on physical prototypes, we are happy to be a part of it,” Safdar concludes. “We would like to think that Ansible Motion is positioned as a key enabler of digital, data-driven tyre innovations.”

Michelin North America, Inc. has TreadVision by Michelin Retread Technologies at the Technology & Maintenance Council (TMC) Annual Meeting. This new approach transforms the retreading process by integrating artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and advanced data analytics to boost both the quality and uniformity of retreaded tyres, ultimately enhancing fleet operational efficiency.

A central component of this system is TreadEye. This advanced technology precisely evaluates tread depth by collecting 1,200 measurement points per tyre. It delivers accurate data on tread wear and casing condition, enabling fleets to determine optimal removal points, safeguard casing integrity and minimise unnecessary vehicle downtime.

The TreadVision process further incorporates proprietary automated inspections. These systems utilise AI and predictive modelling to detect subtle imperfections and anomalies that might otherwise be missed. The application of Vision AI to automatically interpret Casing Integrity Analysis results, specifically shearography, introduces a heightened level of objective, real-time quality control. This ensures that only casings meeting strict standards proceed through the retreading line.

In addition to inspection, the technology suite automates the physical handling and flow of tyres, which streamlines plant operations and can accelerate turnaround times. By automatically managing build specifications, TreadVision standardises production parameters, reducing variability and ensuring a more consistent final product.

These advancements in quality assurance and the reduction of human error are designed to produce more reliable retreads, directly supporting fleet uptime. The system is further enhanced by integration with Michelin’s Fleet Business Insights platform, which transforms operational data into actionable intelligence. Fleets gain clearer visibility into performance trends, asset tracking and cost control, optimising tyre management from first use through multiple retread lifecycles.

Janet Foster-Whitley, Senior Director, Enterprise Dealer & North America Retreading, said, “Michelin has a long history of innovation in the mobility space. With TreadVision, we’re driving the industry forward once again. Retreading plays a vital role in helping fleets extend asset life and control operating costs, and we’re evolving the process to deliver greater consistency, improved quality and faster turnaround times.”  

MICHELIN Connected Fleet, the data-focused fleet management arm of Michelin, has introduced Smart Predictive Tire, a new monitoring solution specifically engineered for the trailers of Class 7 and 8 fleets. This technology is designed to shift trailer tyre management from a reactive to a proactive model by delivering real-time data on pressure and temperature, alongside predictive maintenance alerts. The goal is to empower fleet operators to address tyre health issues before they escalate, thereby minimising unplanned downtime, controlling costs and extending tyre life while enhancing overall vehicle safety.

At the heart of this innovation is Michelin’s proprietary Smart Leak algorithm, which is capable of identifying subtle, early indicators of tyre degradation. By flagging these warning signs promptly, fleet managers can intervene early, avoiding more severe and costly problems. The solution not only helps in preventing roadside emergencies but also supports broader operational efficiency. Maintaining correct tyre pressure through this system can lead to a reduction in fuel consumption and slower tyre wear, contributing to a more sustainable and economical fleet operation.

The effectiveness of Smart Predictive Tire has been evaluated through international pilot programmes in Europe, where participating fleets experienced notable improvements. Data from these trials showed a significant drop (up to 80 percent) in tyre-related roadside events, an increase in the usable lifespan of tyres (up to 9 percent) in cases where chronic under-inflation was previously an issue and measurable fuel savings (up to 4 percent) when optimal tyre pressures were consistently maintained. While these outcomes are promising, Michelin notes that individual results will depend on various factors unique to each fleet, including its size, operational routes and maintenance routines.

Integrated into the company’s Trailer Premium offer, the Smart Predictive Tire solution provides flexible deployment to meet diverse fleet needs, marking a step forward in connected vehicle technology.

Damon Newquist, Vice President – Sales, MICHELIN Connected Fleet, said, “Emergency roadside service continues to be a major pain point for fleets of all sizes, especially with trailers. When there is a tyre-related event, the root cause is overwhelmingly attributed to improper inflation. Michelin’s proprietary Smart Predictive Tire solution uniquely empowers fleet operators with the tools and alerts to address these issues before they become critical. These tools are designed to help extend tyre life, reduce costs and help keep drivers off the side of the road.”

Triangle Tyre Co., Ltd. has been recognised as an ‘Excellence Level’ facility in the 2026 Shandong Smart Factory Cultivation Library, an accolade announced by the Shandong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology. This acknowledgment highlights the company’s significant progress and systematic achievements in intelligent manufacturing.

This provincial initiative is a key strategy to promote new industrialisation and merge the digital economy with the real sector. Enterprises were evaluated and ranked into three tiers – Pioneer, Excellence and Advanced – based on their comprehensive capabilities in digital design, smart production, lean management and sustainable operations. Over 30 businesses from the tyre sector and its related industries, including manufacturing, steel cord, rubber additives and machinery, were selected. Among these, 1 achieved the Pioneer level, 15 attained Excellence and 15 reached the Advanced level.

For years, Triangle Tyre has steadfastly advanced its intelligent manufacturing strategy, focusing on complete process digitalisation and smart system integration. Looking forward, the company remains committed to principles of innovation and green development. It plans to further integrate digital technologies with manufacturing processes, aiming to establish a modern production base that is not only smarter and more efficient but also safer and more environmentally sustainable.

BANF, a Korean intelligent tyre system company, and Silicon Labs, the leading innovator in low-power wireless, have developed a tyre monitoring platform capable of real-time, high-resolution data processing specifically designed for autonomous vehicles and connected fleet operations. A detailed case study documenting this development is now available on the Silicon Labs website.

The system directly addresses the limitations of conventional Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS), which only trigger alerts after pressure drops substantially, leaving critical safety and efficiency issues undetected. BANF has transformed the tyre into an active intelligence node by integrating the Silicon Labs BG22 Bluetooth LE SoC into its in-tyre sensor architecture. This ultra-low-power system-on-chip was chosen for its robust RF performance, enabling reliable wireless communication even within the tyre's challenging environment where steel belts and thick rubber typically create a Faraday cage effect that impedes signals.

Inside the tyre, BANF's iSensor captures 3-axis acceleration, pressure, temperature and tread depth data at 4 kHz sampling rates. Rather than transmitting this raw information, the system performs onboard processing to extract key signals indicating wheel-nut loosening, slip events or reduced friction before sending concise alerts to the vehicle. This approach reduces communication load while accelerating response time. The integration of Silicon Labs' Secure Vault technology ensures automotive-grade security, protecting tyre data from tampering or spoofing for autonomous applications.

Power delivery has historically prevented advanced tyre sensing due to battery degradation from heat, centrifugal force and mechanical stress. BANF solved this through proprietary wireless power transfer technology. The Smart Profiler, mounted on the mudguard or fender, delivers continuous power to the iSensor using magnetic resonance, enabling battery-free operation with uninterrupted data acquisition at thousands of Hertz.

This real-time tyre intelligence feeds directly into chassis control, stability systems and autonomous driving algorithms for driverless trucks and buses where human intuition cannot detect traction loss. BANF plans to leverage accumulated data for predictive maintenance, route optimisation and insurance-linked services, positioning this solution as foundational infrastructure for next-generation mobility. Through this partnership, BANF and Silicon Labs have digitised the vehicle's last analogue domain.

Adam Sunghan You, CEO, BANF, said, "Tyres generate terabytes of data related to friction, load and mechanical stress, but until now there was no viable way to capture and transmit that information in real time. By combining Silicon Labs' BG22 with our wireless power technology, we have unlocked a new level of tyre intelligence."

Ross Sabolcik, Senior Vice President – Product Lines, Silicon Labs, said, "Compute is no longer confined to the CPU – it extends across intelligent peripherals and sensors. BG22 enables reliable, secure connectivity even in extreme environments, empowering innovators like BANF to digitise traditionally analogue systems."