Birla Carbon, one of the leading carbon black manufacturers globally, will enter the Energy Systems market with the launch of a portfolio of conductive carbon solutions with its Conductex i and Conductex e series of products at The Battery Show 202, which is being held in Novi, Michigan from September 14-16, 2021

The company will also showcase its forthcoming array of carbon solutions for the battery industry at the show. 

Birla Carbon’s new portfolio of conductive carbons is designed for the lithium ion and lead acid battery markets enabling customization in formulation and performance in a variety of segments, including automotive, telecoms, motive power, energy storage systems, and e-bikes. These products leverage Birla Carbon’s unique Ultra process to ensure the highest levels of purity and conductivity, enabling increased charge acceptance, particularly under partial state-of-charge operation.

As auto manufacturers strive to meet more stringent CO2 emission requirements, the demand for higher performance lead acid batteries is growing, particularly for start-stop or micro-hybrid vehicles. These high-performance batteries can unlock 5-15 percent energy savings enabled by highly engineered conductive carbon additives such as Conductex e carbon black.

Sharing his thoughts on entering a new market, John Davidson, Chief Sales and Marketing Officer, Birla Carbon, said, “Birla Carbon’s focus on the customer and understanding their evolving needs has led to the development of a new offering for the battery market. The development of the portfolio of conductive carbons tailored specifically for the battery market demonstrates the commitment to the growth of Birla Carbon in the rapidly expanding energy storage arena.” He further added, “This is the first example of many high-performance products in our pipeline. It is an exciting time for our customers and for Birla Carbon, as we continue this journey together towards cleaner energy.”

Dr Ann Schoeb, Chief R&D Officer and Business Head, Energy Systems, Birla Carbon, says, “As we deepen our focus on innovation and an innovation-driven culture, Birla Carbon has achieved remarkable success in enhancing the contribution of carbons to advanced battery applications.” Dr Schoeb further adds, “The Conductex e product portfolio demonstrates Birla Carbon’s commitment to the energy storage market and is the first of many new developments that are being launched into the battery application segment.”

The Tamil Nadu-based company’s greenfield expansion will propel its rCB capacity from 5,000-20,000 metric tonnes. Director Ravi Rathi explained that there has been a change in attitude towards rCB within tyre companies, leading to heightened demand.

Tamil Nadu-based Capital Carbon is expanding its recovered carbon black (rCB) capacity by 15,000 metric tonnes with a new greenfield project at Gummidipoondi. The plant is slated to become operational by January 2025 and boost the capacity from 5,000 metric tonnes to 20,000 metric tonnes, annually.

Speaking to Tyre Trends, Director Ravi Rathi explained, “The decision to pursue a greenfield expansion in the rCB sector stemmed from the rapid development of this innovative product over the past four to five years. Given our background in the pyrolysis business, expanding into rCB felt like a natural progression. rCB is still a relatively new product and both manufacturers and users are in the process of learning about its applications. When we first began exploring this market, around four years ago, it was challenging. Many tyre manufacturers would dismiss our proposals even before we could present our case as they were hesitant to incorporate recycled materials into their mainstream formulations.”

“However, in recent years, attitudes have shifted significantly due to increasing emphasis on sustainability and circular economy principles. The industry is now more open to integrating green products. We started with a modest capacity of 5,000 metric tonnes per annum, which allowed us to gain insights into customer needs. Gradually, we scaled our operations from small quantities to commercial sales. The key driver for our recent expansion is customer demand. We have obtained product approval, and customers are eager to purchase rCB,” he added.

He also noted that companies wanted assurance that the demands could be met consistently, which was also a factor behind the expansion. Furthermore, having multiple units also allows the company to manage any potential supply chain issues, effectively. “If a minor problem arises in one unit, we can still supply material from another, minimising disruptions for our customers,” said Rathi.

The entire CAPEX for the greenfield plant is set at INR 20 crore.

Pyrolysis to rCB

Capital Carbon commenced operations in 2012 with a modest pyrolysis capacity of 10 tonnes per day. Over the years, it has consistently expanded its capacity, increasing to 150 metric tonnes per day. The company has also bolstered its backend operations, enhancing sourcing capabilities and adding substantial shredding and crumbing capacity.

Additionally, Capital Carbon has focused on value-added products including pyrolysis oil distillation and rCB. As of now, it operates a shredding capacity of 120,000 metric tonnes per annum for captive consumption. This capacity is supplemented by sourcing contaminated tyre bales, which typically have 20-30 percent rubber contamination. This material is cleaned to yield 98 percent pure steel, with the remaining rubber used for pyrolysis, creating a separate business vertical.

Currently, the company processes approximately 50,000 to 52,000 metric tonnes of tyres per annum through its pyrolysis operations. In terms of value addition, Capital Carbon produces between 20,000 to 24,000 tonnes of pyrolysis oil, annually.

When asked about the motivation behind establishing a pyrolysis plant, Rathi noted, “My father worked at Birla Carbon and retired in 2019. Although we lacked prior business experience, we were inspired by the industrial upbringing and the promising potential of the pyrolysis sector. Following the completion of my chartered accountancy studies, I decided to pursue this opportunity.”

He acknowledged that pyrolysis often has a negative reputation in India, where it is sometimes viewed as a ‘dirty business’. To combat this perception, Capital Carbon prioritises quality management and environmental responsibility in its operations. IT employs fuel-based heating methods in its pyrolysis process as electric heating is generally not feasible due to the high volumes involved in tyre pyrolysis. The initial heating requires some fuel, which can include biomass or pyrolysis oil, but the system becomes self-sufficient once it reaches a certain temperature.

The primary outputs from the pyrolysis process include fuel oil, carbon char (used as raw material for rCB or as an alternative energy source for cement plants), steel wires and pyrolysis gases, which are utilised for heating purposes.

He highlighted that the pyrolysis oil produced is of high quality with low sulfur and carbon content, making it cleaner than many conventional heating fuels used in India.

Quality control

The company’s sourcing strategy primarily focuses on domestic suppliers. It procures rejected tyres and dealer returns from various companies, which constitute a substantial portion of the feedstock. This local sourcing approach ensures that it maintains a steady supply of raw materials

Following sourcing, the production of recovered carbon black involves several critical steps. Initially, tyres are shredded to extract carbon black, steel and other components. The distinction in product application necessitates tailored processing methods.

For instance, producing carbon char for energy requires less stringent technical specifications compared to producing carbon black intended for high-performance applications, such as tyre manufacturing or footwear.

“The quality of the final product begins with meticulous sorting of tyres to determine suitability for pyrolysis. This initial step is vital for ensuring consistent output quality. Following sorting, the tyres are shredded into steel-free rubber chips of 15-20 millimetres. During pyrolysis, we focus on maintaining specific quality parameters for the pyrochar produced. This includes stringent controls to limit ash content, which must remain below 20-22 percent to ensure product consistency. The handling of impurities such as wires and stones in the pyrochar is essential. Post-processing, the pyrochar is milled to fine particle sizes (10-15 microns), enhancing its surface area for better compatibility with rubber compounds,” explained Rathi.

Once the recovered carbon black is processed, palletisation becomes the next step. This method streamlines handling and ensures that the product meets industry standards. While the equipment resembles that used for traditional carbon black, adaptations are necessary to accommodate the unique characteristics of recovered carbon black.

“To facilitate customer adoption, we offer tailored packaging solutions including 25kg paper bags, EVA / LDPE bags and FIBC bags, allowing clients to integrate our products seamlessly into their existing production processes,” he added. 

As the industry evolves, the need for standardised quality benchmarks for recovered carbon black has become increasingly clear. Major corporations have driven this change, leading ASTM to establish a dedicated committee (D36) focused on developing specific standards for recovered carbon black. Unlike conventional carbon black, which adheres to existing standards, recovered carbon black requires new metrics to account for its varied origins and compositions.

The committee is currently validating a series of standards including moisture content, pallet hardness and particle size analysis, specifically for rCB. This ongoing development is slated to enhance product credibility and facilitate broader market acceptance.

Commenting on the same lines, Rathi mentioned, “We maintain a dedicated quality lab to refine our production processes continually. Our focus on evolving our offerings has resulted in the introduction of two new grades of recovered carbon black, aimed at meeting diverse market needs. Our commitment to leveraging advanced machinery and improved grinding techniques reflects our proactive approach to quality enhancement and capacity expansion.”

Optimistic market outlook

The demand for recovered carbon black in India is poised for significant growth, driven by a strong shift toward sustainability. Customers are increasingly seeking high-quality suppliers, indicating a burgeoning market for rCB.

“Globally, rCB production currently accounts for less than one percent of total carbon black production, underscoring a substantial opportunity for expansion. As customer awareness and demand for sustainable products increase, we anticipate a corresponding rise in rCB consumption,” informed Rathi.

He added, “Many major corporations have committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, necessitating immediate action to integrate green and circular products into their supply chains. As these companies strive to meet their net-zero targets, they are turning to recovered materials such as rCB to fulfil sustainability mandates. Our role is crucial in assisting these customers to achieve their goals through the production of eco-friendly and circular products derived from end-of-life tyres.”

Speaking on market opportunities, he said, “India remains our largest market, but we are also making significant inroads into Sri Lanka. The European market is particularly promising, though it presents challenges related to certifications and distribution. We are currently working on obtaining the necessary certifications, including ISCC Plus, to unlock this market potential.”

“Our immediate focus is on completing our current expansion project, after which we will enhance our pyrolysis capacity to align with the growing demand from our customers. As the volumes of recovered carbon black usage increase, we aim to be ready with sufficient supply,” he added.

He expects to penetrate the European market by the first half of FY26, following the completion of the current plant expansion.

Challenges in scaling production

“One of the primary challenges in scaling rCB production is the scarcity of raw materials. The supply of suitable feedstock is diverse and scattered, making it difficult to source consistently. In the past, customers struggled to understand the differences between recovered carbon black and virgin carbon black grades, often asking if we could produce specific grades like L550 or L660. However, as knowledge in the market has matured, customers are increasingly recognising that rCB is a distinct material requiring tailored processing approaches,” informed Rathi.

Finorchem Limited, a leading manufacturer of speciality chemicals and innovative solutions for the tyre and rubber industries, has been awarded the prestigious Silver Medal in the latest EcoVadis sustainability assessment. This recognition highlights the company's strong commitment to environmental stewardship, ethical business practices, and sustainable operations.

EcoVadis, widely regarded as one of the world's most trusted providers of business sustainability ratings, evaluates companies across multiple criteria including environmental impact, labour practices, ethics, and sustainable procurement. The Silver Medal places Finorchem Limited among the top-performing companies in its industry sector.

The achievement reflects Finorchem's ongoing initiatives in sustainable manufacturing processes, responsible sourcing, and environmental management systems. The company's portfolio includes eco-friendly chemical solutions that help customers reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining high-performance standards.

Global leading tyre company Hankook Tire & Technology (Hankook Tire) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Solvay Silica to jointly develop ‘Circular Silica’.

At a signing ceremony held on 10 January at Hankook Tire's cutting-edge research facility, the Hankook Technodome, the two businesses formally established their cooperation. With the help of Solvay Silica, Hankook Tire is now developing its technological capabilities with the goal of producing circular silica in small quantities soon. Sample assessment is currently in progress. Through the collaboration, Solvay's extensive circular conversion of all its plants will complement Hankook's noteworthy commitment to sustainability and circularity.

'Rice Husk Ash Silica’, made from leftover rice husks, has been used by global tyre manufacturers to boost their sustainable raw material composition. This strategy, however, has drawbacks in some places, including exorbitant expenses and restrictions on supply region diversification. Because of their large volumetric weight, rice husks pose logistical problems and raise transportation expenses. Hankook Tire has been aggressively investigating the production of circular silica from various sources suggested by Solvay in order to get around these restrictions.

The pilot facility in Monterrey will initially convert 1 million end-of-life passenger tyres to recovered carbon black. Operations are slated to commence by the end of CY2024, while the company also has plans to add a second train in the future to double the capacity.

Northern Mexico has long struggled with the challenge of end-of-life tyre (ELT) disposal. Decades of improper waste management have led to an accumulation of over 20 million waste tyres, many of which are left in municipal dumpsites or landfills. These discarded tyres pose not only an environmental hazard but also a significant public health risk as they can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other disease-carrying pests.

Local governments have ramped up efforts to address this crisis, but the scale of the problem requires long-term, systemic solutions. Innovent Renewables’ new facility in Monterrey is poised to play a key role in this effort. The facility will transform waste tyres into valuable resources such as recovered carbon black and will help reduce landfill reliance, cut carbon emissions and provide a sustainable alternative to the traditional methods of carbon black production.

The pilot facility represents a significant milestone for the recycler as it sets out to address the growing environmental challenge of ELTs in the region. Initially slated to process 1 million waste passenger tyres annually, the facility will convert these tyres into high-quality recovered carbon black, oil and steel. With operations scheduled to begin by the end of calendar year 2024, the company is also looking ahead with plans to add a second processing train to double its capacity in the near future. This expansion marks a critical step in tackling the 20 million-plus tyres accumulated in Mexico’s northern areas while offering sustainable solutions for industries seeking to reduce their carbon footprints.

“This facility represents a vital step forward in addressing the enormous environmental burden posed by tyre waste in northern Mexico. We’re not only reducing waste but converting it into materials that industries can use in a circular and sustainable manner,” said Chief Executive Officer Vibhu Sharma.

Extracting value

The tyre recycling process based on pyrolysis begins with the shredding of end-of-life tyres, which are then fed into a main reactor where they undergo pyrolysis, a high-temperature process in the absence of oxygen.

This results in the breakdown of tyre material into pyrolysis gases, oil and recovered carbon black. The gases are recycled within the system for energy recovery or flared off, enhancing energy efficiency.

The pyrolysis oil is condensed and purified, followed by distillation into high-value chemicals for industrial applications. Meanwhile, recovered carbon black, a solid by-product, is processed through milling and polishing for reuse in manufacturing. This design demonstrates an energy-efficient method of converting waste tyres into valuable products such as fuel, chemicals and carbon black.

“Firstly, we have a proprietary continuous pyrolysis process that ramps up and cooks the tyres to decompose them in a particular way. We also use specially designed agitator to ensure uniform decomposition to oil and carbon black. This ensures higher surface area and quality of the RCB. We designed a proprietary polishing unit that crushes that RCB coming out of the reactor and then polishes it to remove metal oxides and silica. We have several equipment in place to capture steel particles in the RCB. The final product still has some amount of silica and metal oxides, but the purity and uniformity of the RCB is much higher,” said Sharma.

Addressing demand

As industries worldwide strive to meet decarbonisation goals, the demand for sustainable alternatives to carbon-intensive materials have surged. Recovered carbon black fits squarely into this trend, offering a viable option for companies looking to reduce environmental impact while maintaining performance characteristics.

Innovent Renewables’ order book reflects this growing interest. The company has secured letters-of-intent from several major tyre manufacturers as well as companies in the printing ink, rubber and paint sectors.

“Increasingly, companies are looking for sustainable solutions that allow them to reduce their carbon footprints without sacrificing the quality of the products. Our RCB gives them that opportunity. It’s a win-win for both industry and the environment,” said Sharma.

He added, “We see the Monterrey facility as just the beginning. As we prove the viability of our process and stabilise operations, we’ll be able to scale up production not just here in Mexico but potentially in other regions around the world that are dealing with tyre waste issues. There’s a huge global need for solutions like this.”

Sustainable vision

According to Sharma, the company’s goal is to provide a circular solution for industries that are serious about sustainability. “It’s not just about the recovered carbon black; we’re also helping companies reduce their reliance on virgin oil and steel by offering them high-quality, recycled alternatives. This allows them to achieve carbon credits and decarbonisation targets while contributing to a cleaner environment,” noted Sharma.

While tyres remain the primary focus, the company is already working to expand its applications into other industries by targeting sectors such as rubber gaskets, printing inks and paints to tap into new growth markets.

It is also finding ways to repurpose the other by-products of its pyrolysis process. The oil extracted from the tyres can be used as fuel or as a raw material for various industrial applications, while the recovered steel can be sold back to manufacturers, creating a fully circular model that maximises resource recovery and minimises waste.

“We’re proud to be part of the solution to one of Mexico’s most pressing environmental issues. But this is just the start. Our vision is to become a global leader in the circular economy, providing industries around the world with the materials they need to build a sustainable future,” Sharma concluded.