Making a tyre is an extensive process that includes everything from formulation to testing. With the advancement in software-defined technology, tyre testing is increasing within a simulated environment. However, as real as the rubber wheel is, its testing in real-world environment stands as imminent in future course despite the current trend of simulation.

Alluding to this, Black Donuts Head of Tyre and Material Development Ilkka Lehtoranta told Tyre Trends, “Alongside the advanced laboratory equipment and various simulation methods, real-world tyre testing remains essential now and in the future. Physical testing in diverse conditions is critical for final evaluation and validation. Real-world tyre testing will continue to play a significant role moving forward. At Black Donuts, we offer comprehensive tyre testing services through our subsidiary, BD Testing. This company specialises in outdoor testing to ensure that products perform reliably in all environments.”

Commenting on the role of simulation in tyre development, he said, “Simulation plays a critical role in tyre development, offering a proven and essential part of the design process. One key type of simulation is finite element analysis (FEA), a mathematical method used to model and simulate physical phenomena. FEA is widely employed across industrial sectors including tyre manufacturing to predict and validate design performance before creating physical prototypes.”

“For tyre development, simulation tools provide significant advantages. By conducting design verification and validation virtually, companies can reduce the need to produce experimental tyre, which saves raw materials and minimises waste. This approach not only supports environmental goals but also accelerates the development timeline, allowing for faster iterations and refinements. Black Donuts integrates various simulation methods into its development process, heavily relying on the results to optimise designs,” he added.

Testing facilities

The Finnish company offers comprehensive tyre testing services with a primary focus on outdoor testing rather than indoor facilities. While indoor testing facilities are widely available globally, including in Europe, Asia, India and North America, Black Donuts has chosen to concentrate on outdoor testing. The company leverages the expertise of skilled test engineers and drivers, who understand the nuances of environmental and external factors, to deliver dependable testing outcomes. 

“We operate a proving ground in northern Sweden, where winter tyres are tested under snowy and icy conditions. Additionally, we have a testing centre in Finland’s Tampere region, which serves as a hub for evaluating tyre properties across a range of conditions. The facilities enable grip testing on ice, snow, wet and dry surfaces; noise testing for internal and external evaluations; handling and comfort assessments; aquaplaning analysis and tailored tests developed to meet specific customer needs,” informed Lehtoranta.

He mentioned that test drivers are central to Black Donuts' outdoor testing process as their expertise in assessing tyre behaviour is critical for validating designs and providing feedback to engineers. This collaboration ensures the test results are seamlessly integrated into the design and development process, allowing engineers to refine tyre properties based on real-world performance insights. 

Winter testing is conducted during the colder months to utilise natural snow and ice conditions. While the company does not have an indoor snow-testing facility, it makes use of local resources such as ice halls for ice-related evaluations. For summer tyres, the focus shifts to testing grip, handling and noise levels under both dry and wet conditions. 

In addition to testing during tyre development, Black Donuts supports homologation and certification processes. Through its subsidiary, BD Testing, the company provides accredited testing services and official test reports required for certifications by authorities. This includes European homologation tests for snow and ice performance, as well as specialised assessments such as road wear impact evaluations for studded tyres in Scandinavian markets. 

The company also conducts internal testing to collect data, monitor market trends and benchmark tyre performance. “This continuous research helps us to identify industry standards and emerging trends, ensuring that our tyre development projects remain innovative and competitive,” averred Lehtoranta.

Industry peek

Black Donuts provides end-to-end solutions for the global tyre industry, catering to both manufacturing and tyre research and development needs. Its services cover tyre design and production, materials research and development, making the company a comprehensive partner for tyre manufacturers globally. Whether supporting the establishment of new tyre plants, upgrading existing facilities or offering specific technical expertise, it has a broad portfolio of engineering and technological solutions. 

In production, Black Donuts assists manufacturers with everything from setting up greenfield projects to improving brownfield facilities. For existing manufacturing lines, the company conducts thorough audits to identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies and quality issues. The focus often includes increasing automation, enhancing productivity, reducing manufacturing costs, improving quality, minimising scrap and waste and even reducing tyre weight. These solutions are tailored to meet the specific demands of the client. 

For greenfield projects, it offers turnkey solutions. These include site selection support, plant layout design, architectural planning, defining machinery specifications, automation strategies and utility calculations. During the execution phase, an on-site engineering team supervises construction, machinery installation, commissioning and the ramp-up of production processes. The company also trains operators, troubleshoots quality issues and supports clients in improving efficiency. The level of post-production support is flexible with options for ongoing assistance tailored to the client's needs. 

Alluding to how the design and production process differ across regions, the executive said, “The design and production processes themselves are generally consistent across regions. However, automation levels may vary based on factors like labour costs and plant location. European facilities, for instance, often require higher automation levels due to higher manpower costs, though automation is increasingly being adopted in Asia as well. This trend has significantly reduced manpower requirements in tyre manufacturing globally, driven by advancements in automation technologies.”

Research and development

In tyre development, significant trends include the growing demand for sustainability, increased automation in production processes and evolving design needs tailored to regional and market-specific conditions. Tyre materials development is a subset of tyre development but is critical due to its role in addressing environmental and performance challenges. Black Donuts works on both these aspects, helping clients innovate while navigating changing demands in the tyre industry.

The push for sustainability is the most pressing challenge in tyre material development. There is an increasing emphasis on replacing fossil-based materials with sustainable alternatives like bio-based and recycled raw materials. Black Donuts plays a pivotal role in identifying and testing new materials available in the market, integrating them into tyre compounds and ensuring its compatibility with production processes.

In addition to working with existing materials, Black Donuts has initiated its own research and development efforts to explore innovative, out-of-the-box sustainable solutions. These include new bio-based raw materials currently under internal development, which are expected to be launched soon.

On the tyre development front, it offers comprehensive services for creating new tyre lines across segments like passenger car radial (PCR), truck and bus radial (TBR) and off-the-road (OTR) tyres. The designs cater to various markets including Europe, US, Asia and Africa, ensuring optimal performance under different environmental and regulatory conditions.

Customisation for specific client needs, whether summer or winter tyres, and adapting designs to suit regional preferences are also part of the company's everyday operations.

Competitive edge

The rapid evolution of technology, automation and sustainability trends demands agility and adaptability. Black Donuts maintains an active presence in the market, staying updated on global developments by leveraging its extensive partner network, including machinery and raw material suppliers, to gather insights and anticipate emerging trends.

Alluding how the company selects partners, the executive revealed, “The partner selection process is fundamental to delivering high-quality, innovative solutions. Many members of our team have decades of experience and longstanding relationships with suppliers, which provide a solid foundation for selecting trusted partners. Besides, there are several factors that are taken into account to source new partners.”

One of the most crucial factors in selecting partners is the technological capability. Black Donuts prioritises partners that offer cutting-edge technologies, which can add value to both the company and its customers. It also carefully evaluates the ability of potential partners to deliver machinery, raw materials and components as promised. Moreover, the company seeks partners who share values of sustainability.

While Black Donuts draws on its established relationships with trusted suppliers, the company remains proactive in sourcing new partners and exploring the latest advancements in technology and materials.

Sustainability

The executive noted that in the next five years, the proportion of renewable or bio-based materials in tyre production is expected to remain relatively modest. “Currently, aside from natural rubber, which makes up around 20 percent of tyre materials, the use of other renewable materials is almost negligible. While the industry faces challenges in sourcing and incorporating bio-based and recycled raw materials, it is estimated that within five years, the share of such materials could reach 30-35 percent of the total tyre content,” said Lehtoranta.

Alluding to industry goals of incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres by 2050, he noted, “Incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres is possible, but it will require collective action across the entire industry. All stakeholders must align and collaborate towards this common goal. Many mid-sized and smaller companies may struggle with this transition on its own, which is where industry partners can offer valuable support. This is also why companies are increasingly focusing on researching and developing new bio-based raw materials in order to expand the availability of these alternatives in the market. However, scaling these innovations to a commercial level remains a challenge as many promising ideas have not yet been fully realised on a large scale,” informed the official.

He also noted that achieving sustainability in tyre production will undoubtedly require significant investment. A key challenge is that sustainable raw materials are currently more expensive than conventional alternatives. Unfortunately, many end consumers are not yet willing to pay a premium for tyres made with sustainable materials.

Market presence

Black Donuts has a presence on all continents. “We have a strong market footprint, serving a wide range of regions. For instance, of the 25 largest tyre manufacturers, 20 have been or are currently our customers. We also have upcoming projects across Europe, Asia, North America, South America and Africa, highlighting our global reach and ongoing expansion,” said Lehtoranta.

He added, “In terms of revenue, our biggest business segment revolves around providing end-to-end solutions for tyre plants including services related to tyre factory setup and operations. This is the largest segment in terms of financial impact. Additionally, tyre and material development is another major part of our business contributing significantly to our overall revenue.”

North America is one of its largest markets, followed by Europe and Asia, though revenue distribution can vary year by year due to the nature of projects.

He also noted that regulations play a crucial role in driving the business. The regulation concerning studded tyres, for instance, which has been important in the European market. Winter tyre regulations, particularly the requirement for the snowflake symbol on tyres, are also significant, especially in Nordic countries.

Additionally, a newer regulation being prepared by the European Commission concerning tyre abrasion, which is becoming a more prominent issue due to sustainability concerns, is also slated to drive business.

Commenting on the same, the executive said, “Tyre abrasion, especially concerning microplastic emissions, has gained attention in Europe as tyres are recognised as a major contributor to microplastic pollution. The industry and authorities are now focusing on reducing this issue by improving tyre wear properties. The goal is to ensure that tyres generate less microplastic per kilometre driven. This is particularly relevant in regions with snowy and icy roads, where tyre performance and durability are critical.”

Furthermore, he highlighted that the difference between snow and ice significantly impacts tyre performance. Ice presents much lower friction than snow, which is why ice poses a more challenging driving condition. Tyres perform worse on ice, resulting in longer stopping distances. In regions with icy roads, like the Nordic countries, manufacturers often use studs to enhance grip on ice, improving safety by reducing braking distances.

Expansion and demand

The executive mentioned that the company is expanding in the Asian and North American markets. “While winter tyres are a big demand in these regions, it's important to note that winter tyre usage varies by region. In China, for example, there is a significant demand for winter tyres, particularly in colder regions, and Japan has a large market for them as well, with regulations encouraging its use. North America, especially in regions with harsh winters, also has a strong market for winter tyres,” said Lehtoranta.

“Despite the slowdown in the European market and concerns about the US market, we still see North America as a strong growth area for us. We haven't noticed any significant slowdown in our business there and the market remains promising. However, we also see great potential in Africa, where we are seeing a lot of investment activity,” he added.

Answering what factors led the company to explore avenues in Africa, he said, “Several factors are driving the growth potential in Africa. Currently, there is little local tyre manufacturing in the region and many countries are looking to establish local industries to boost the economies and create jobs. Additionally, Africa has significant natural resources including natural rubber and oil, which can be used to produce synthetic rubbers and other raw materials needed for tyre manufacturing. Local production would enable companies to add value by refining these raw materials into finished products like tyres, creating a more sustainable and profitable cycle.”

Commenting on future plans, he said, “Our focus will be on the entire tyre lifecycle, from raw materials to production, performance and ultimately, the end of life of the tyres. We are working on developing solutions that handle tyre disposal and recycling with the goal of creating a fully sustainable tyre manufacturing process. This approach would ensure that our products and services are environmentally friendly throughout the entire supply chain.”

Industry challenges

Tyre manufacturing factories often encounter several challenges when setting up greenfield and brownfield projects. One of the primary challenges is managing the project’s schedule and budget, ensuring that the project stays on track and within financial constraints. Another critical aspect is reaching the targeted capacity for the plant, which can be challenging given the complexities of large-scale projects.

Additionally, there are technological hurdles that the company must overcome, especially in terms of innovation and research. Developing new technologies and sustainable solutions for the industry is not an easy task and requires a long-term commitment.

In terms of business challenges, the company is focused on technological innovation and research. Developing cutting-edge technologies and creating sustainable solutions for tyre manufacturing is a key priority. However, this process is often time-consuming and requires significant effort.  This is where Black Donuts’ know-how and cutting-edge solutions come into play. The company is currently focused on pushing the boundaries of what is possible within the tyre industry, particularly regarding sustainability.

Regarding operations in India, the company is in the early stages of its expansion. Although it does not have a physical office in India yet, it has begun operations under the leadership of a technical director. The goal is to develop the business in India and gradually establish a technical centre that will focus on tyre simulation and other technical areas of tyre development.

The Chinese market is another area of focus. While it is not the largest market for the company, it remains an important one, with ongoing projects and customers in China. The company recognises that China is a significant player in the global tyre industry, and it continues to engage with the market, even though it is not the biggest revenue driver.

Additionally, the company is observing a trend where manufacturing is returning from Asia to local markets, a shift that began before the pandemic and has been accelerated by it. This trend is visible in regions like Africa, North America and Europe, where companies are establishing local production to mitigate supply chain issues and reduce reliance on distant markets. This shift represents a significant opportunity for the company to expand its operations and grow its presence in these regions.

Kraton Corporation, a global producer of speciality polymers and bio-based chemicals derived from pine wood pulping byproducts, has named Brian Rea as Chief Human Resources Officer. The appointment strengthens the company's leadership team as it continues to prioritise workforce development and organisational effectiveness.

Rea joins Kraton with extensive international experience in human resources leadership across multi-site manufacturing businesses. His background spans talent and succession planning, organisational transformation, labour relations, employee engagement, safety and change management. His appointment underscores Kraton's dedication to employee growth and well-being while building an organisation positioned for long-term success.

Romi Yoon, Chief Strategy Officer, Kraton, said, “We are excited to welcome Brian to Kraton’s executive leadership team. His extensive experience leading human resources across global manufacturing organisations makes him a great fit for Kraton. I look forward to his contributions as we continue to strengthen our organisation and position Kraton for the future.”

Rea said, “I am excited to join Kraton and work alongside its immensely talented global team. I look forward to helping further shape the culture, strategy and goals that will lead Kraton into the future. I am grateful to the Kraton leadership team for the opportunity to serve our employees.”

Spain has built a mature system for managing end-of-life tyres, but recycling them is only half the circularity equation. Tratamiento Neumáticos Usados (TNU) Chief Operating Officer Javier De Jesus Landesa says the bigger challenge is creating demand for recovered materials. With retreading production declining, recycled materials struggling for stable outlets and pyrolysis economics dependent on downstream markets, Royal Decree 712/2025 faces a crucial test of answering whether stronger regulation can translate Spain’s waste-management capacity into commercially viable circular markets for recovered tyre materials.

Europe is reportedly one of the most mature markets for circularity objectives within the tyre industry. It is a market characterised by regulations, awareness, cross-country collaboration to tackle end-of-life tyres (ELT) disposal and consumption of recovered materials.

However, on the Southwestern side of the continent, especially Spain, things seem to be ironical. The country’s integrated management system for used tyre treatment, popularly known as Tratamiento Neumáticos Usados (TNU), managed nearly 99,000 ELTs in 2025.

The main purpose of this organisation is responding responsibly to the sources of ELTs and managing their recycling effectively. This is generally done through reusing and recycling.

The numbers stated above is 7.4 percent more than the previous year. TNU handled 42,910 collection requests and provided services to 5,510 collection points. Of the total managed, 9.94 percent went to preparation for reuse, 42.91 percent to material recovery and 47.15 percent to energy recovery.

Despite these numbers, the recyclable materials market faces a conundrum, which is quite ironical considering the global market’s pent-up demand for such products. Speaking to Tyre Trends exclusively, TNU Chief Operating Officer Javier De Jesus Landesa said, “The main challenge is demand for the materials we recover.”

He added, “Spain has been working with Extended Producer Responsibility for almost two decades. We have a well-established collection system, a network of authorised waste managers and sufficient industrial capacity to process the tyres generated. The problem comes afterwards. We can recover recycled rubber, steel and textile fibres through new technologies, but those materials need a market.”

The organisation can even finance and organise collection, ensure proper management and guarantee traceability, but it cannot create commercial demand for recovered materials.

Javier De Jesus Landesa, Chief Operating Officer, TNU

ROYAL DECREE

Spain’s Royal Decree 712/2025, passed on 27 August 2025, introduced changes in the country’s policy governing ELTs. According to Landesa, the most significant change leaned towards traceability and the quality of information.

“The new Royal Decree introduced stricter requirements regarding tyres placed on the market, their collection, treatment and final destination. We need increasingly accurate information and must be able to demonstrate what actually happens to those tyres,” he said.

And this affects the entire chain including producers, importers, waste managers and Producer Responsibility Organisations.

Despite these efforts, tyre reuse numbers aren’t seeing a fast uptick. The foremost reason, according to Landesa, is that despite the prohibition laid down in Article 17.1(a) of Royal Decree 712/2025, the separation, sorting and sale of ELTs by collection points continues to take place. “In our view, greater environmental inspection and enforcement by the competent regional authorities is needed,” he stated.

This results in a limited real availability of tyres that could have a second life. For a tyre to be prepared for reuse or for a casing to be retreaded, it must enter the authorised management system and remain in suitable condition.

In 2025, within the 9.94 percent managed by TNU for preparation for reuse, 4.69 percent corresponded to second-use tyres and 5.25 percent to retreading.

In addition, the regulation establishes a minimum target of 15 percent by weight for preparation for reuse starting in 2025. This 15 percent target remains the baseline minimum through the subsequent milestone years of 2030 and 2035.

And on the focus on traceability, the industry is still adapting. “Our position is quite clear. We want more traceability but less bureaucracy. Following the approval of the Royal Decree, we carried out a nationwide information campaign aimed at producers and waste managers and are continuing to provide extensive guidance to such members, explaining the regulatory changes, new obligations and how they should be applied in practice,” Landesa said.

MATERIAL INGESTION

In 2023, Spain produced 84,160 tonnes of recycled rubber, 37,776 tonnes of steel and 17,614 tonnes of textiles from ELTs.

Approximately 54 percent of the rubber was used for artificial turf and bases; 35 percent went to playgrounds, sports surfaces and safety flooring; 9 percent to moulded components and rubber products and only 2 percent to bituminous mixtures.

Furthermore, granulate will no longer be placed on the European Union market as infill material for new artificial turf pitches from October 2031.

This means that the industry needs to find and develop new applications. “We cannot ask the sector to recycle more and then fail to ensure viable outlets for those materials,” said Landesa.

Public procurement can be an important tool for large scale material ingestion as public expenditure represents around 14 percent of the European Union’s GDP.

“We have a regulatory basis, but the need is to translate it into actual public procurement specifications and turn that intention into demand,” he said.

He also noted that price cannot be the only criterion for competing with virgin raw materials. If circular economy is genuinely promoted, then public procurement must also take into account the use of recycled materials and the environmental benefits of replacing virgin raw materials.

Hence, Green Public Procurement can be decisive not only in meeting environmental objectives but also in generating stable demand for recycled rubber and reducing the consumption of virgin raw materials.

Pyrolysis also has an important role to play for the recycling industry. However, chemical recycling requires significant investment and its outputs must meet requirements for industrial use.

TNU has worked on this route for years and partnered with Greenval Technologies in 2021 on plants using technology developed with the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). The main technical and production challenges have largely been overcome.

“The bigger challenge is demand. Tyre pyrolysis oil has a clearer market, while recovered carbon black lacks stable demand from tyre manufacturers. Achieving end-of-waste status for qualifying pyrolysis products would also make them easier to market. Ultimately, even technologically successful plants need stable markets for their outputs to remain economically viable,” said Landesa.

SECOND LIFE

Landesa notes that electric vehicle tyres demand more caution from the industry owing to greater weight. The demands around wear, efficiency and noise are also driving changes in tyre designs, materials and compounds.

However, at end-of-life, EV tyres still contain recoverable materials such as rubber, steel and textile fibres. The same applies to retreading as an EV tyre can be retreaded if its casing remains suitable.

“Recycling and retreading industries have adapted to previous changes in tyre technology and can do the same with EVs. However, EV tyres will introduce new considerations, and it is premature to conclude that they will inherently be less suitable for retreading,” said a confident Landesa.

Eco-design should therefore consider not only first-life performance but also retreadability, extended tyre life and eventual recycling. Regulations already require corporate prevention plans to include measures supporting longer tyre life, reuse and recycling.

As EV tyres evolve, their design should not unnecessarily restrict retreading when the casing remains technically suitable.

Nonetheless, the current retreading landscape of the country paints a gloomy picture. The problem is primarily economic and not a shortage of suitable casings.

Spanish and European retreaders have the expertise to adapt production, but demand has fallen amid competition from low-cost imported new tyres and insufficient policy support.

In Spain, retread production has fallen 52 percent in 20 years, from 1,132,500 to 540,850 units annually, while plants have declined from 46 to 12 units.

This creates a contradiction wherein legislation prioritises extending tyre life before recycling, yet the industry doing precisely that continues to shrink.

“Supporting retreading would reduce raw-material consumption while preserving European industrial activity and employment. We need to change perceptions and look beyond purchase price. For fleets, cost per kilometre and the casing’s entire service life are more relevant. A good casing can be regrooved and retreaded, potentially more than once,” said Landesa.

Safety misconceptions also need addressing. Retreaded tyres must comply with UNECE Regulations Nos. 108 and 109 for passenger and commercial vehicles.

Policy can stimulate demand. Royal Decree 712/2025 calls for Spanish public administrations to promote retreads in public fleets and services wherever technically feasible. Tax incentives and subsidies could provide further support.

Landesa stated that technology is not the principal problem because retreading is already a mature and regulated industry. Challenges include ensuring suitable casings reach retreaders, tyre design, consumer perception, low-cost imports and public policy.

The principle is straightforward that if a casing can have another life, it should be reused before being destroyed for material recovery. He mentioned that looking at the total cost of ownership could revive the industry, particularly in professional transport.

“Fleets should consider total service-life cost rather than purchase price alone including mileage, maintenance, efficiency, casing life, regrooving and retreading. Extending casing life also delays the need to manufacture another tyre and reduces raw-material consumption. For fleets, therefore, cost per kilometre provides a more realistic measure of tyre economics,” he explained.

TOWARDS STABILITY

Landesa contended that policy measures could provide stability to the entire industry. “The problem is not unique to Spain. Europe needs to move from a policy focused on collection and recycling towards one that ensures recovered materials are actually used again and replace virgin raw materials,” he stated.

Royal Decree 712/2025 requires producers choosing a collective system to use it for all replacement tyres they place on the market, although they can switch systems under established conditions.

This should clarify responsibilities without eliminating competition. Producer Responsibility Organisations such as TNU will continue competing on service, efficiency, costs, technology and information quality. The key is ensuring everyone operates under the same obligations, rules and safeguards.

And for Landesa, there are three very clear priorities, namely market, enforcement and simplification.

“The first is creating a market for retreading and recycled materials. If we want to achieve targets set by the Royal Decree, then we need demand. Green Public Procurement must play a much greater role,” he noted.

The second is strengthening inspection and enforcement of flows taking place outside the authorised system. PROs must guarantee management, data and traceability, but inspection, enforcement and the fight against fraud are the responsibility of public authorities.

And the third is simplification and digitalisation. “We need greater traceability and better data, but we also need to eliminate duplication and review procedures that add administrative burdens without improving environmental outcomes,” said Landesa.

After almost 20 years, Spain has a mature system, an established network of waste managers and industrial capacity. And many of these challenges are shared across Europe.

Now it needs to take the next step by first making the most of tyres that can still have another life and then ensure that the materials recovered are actually used again.

Spain’s challenge is therefore shifting from managing tyre waste to creating an economy capable of absorbing what that system recovers. Collection, traceability and processing capacity alone cannot deliver circularity if retreading continues to contract and recycled materials struggle to find stable markets.

Royal Decree 712/2025 strengthens the regulatory framework, but its real test will be whether procurement, enforcement and industrial demand can turn recovered materials back into commercially viable products.  

Material solutions company UPM has named Sangeeta Pandey as its new Executive Vice President, Human Resources. She will join the Group Executive Team and report directly to Massimo Reynaudo, President and CEO. Based in Helsinki, Finland, Pandey will take up the position on 1 January 2027.

Bringing extensive international HR experience to her new role, Pandey holds a Master of Science in Executive Coaching, an MBA in Human Resources and a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. She previously served as an Independent Executive Advisor & Coach and worked at Metro AG from 2018 to 2025, most recently as Senior Vice President, Global Talent & Organisational Development, overseeing Global HR Centers of Expertise for over 100,000 people across more than 30 countries. Between 2009 and 2018, she held several senior leadership positions at AkzoNobel, including Global Director, Talent, Culture, Learning & Development. She has also worked in senior HR roles at Mahindra & Mahindra, Xerox and Bharat Petroleum/Bharat Shell.

Pandey succeeds Riitta Savonlahti, who has reached her contractual retirement age after leading UPM's human resources function since 2004. Savonlahti will remain in her role and on the Group Executive Team until the end of 2026, leaving the company in the first quarter of 2027 following a successful transition to her successor.

Reynaudo said, "Sangeeta joins us with over 30 years of broad HR leadership experience across Europe, Asia and the Americas and strong business acumen. Her experience in large, complex and multicultural organisations provides a strong foundation to support UPM's strategy and people agenda.

“On behalf of the entire company and the Group Executive Team, I would like to thank Riitta for the significant impact she has had in the strategic transformation of UPM during the past two decades. Her vision, dedication and determination has been instrumental to UPM's performance-led, value-based and human-centric leadership and company culture.”

India’s retreading industry remains caught between its economic potential and structural neglect. Despite commercial vehicle tyres being designed for multiple lives, low casing preservation, rampant overloading, fragmented retreading operations and limited policy attention continue to restrict adoption. Balkrishna Industries Senior President & Director – Business Development and Strategy Satish Sharma believes regulation rather than incentives alone could change that trajectory. He argues that stronger enforcement and casing management could eventually push India’s retreading rate towards 90 percent.

Balkrishna Industries Ltd (BKT) has called for regulatory intervention to expand tyre retreading in India, arguing that market forces alone are unlikely to unlock the potential for extending commercial vehicle tyre life.

Speaking to Tyre Trends, BKT Senior President & Director – Business Development and Strategy Satish Sharma said that India could substantially increase the proportion of tyres receiving a second or subsequent life if policymakers create a supportive regulatory environment and enforce restrictions on commercial vehicle overloading.

“Obviously, to my mind, it needs government intervention. Regulatory intervention is a must to make this flourish,” told Sharma.

He said stakeholders across the tyre and retreading industries need to come together to develop an appropriate policy framework rather than pursue isolated initiatives. While stopping short of prescribing the exact structure of such regulation, Sharma said the fundamental objective should be to make retreading mainstream while tackling overloading, which damages casings and reduces their suitability for subsequent lives.

“The simplistic thing is a mandate that retreading is to be done and the corollary point is that overloading has to be checked,” he said.

Sharma estimated that only around 20–30 percent of the potential retreading opportunity is currently being realised in India and said the proportion could ultimately reach around 90 percent. However, he acknowledged that such a transition would have to take place gradually.

He argued that commercial vehicle tyres are designed to deliver multiple lives, but poor operating practices can destroy casings before they reach the retreading stage. Despite improvements in India’s road infrastructure, Sharma said retreading has not progressed correspondingly.

POTENTIAL CAUSE

According to Sharma, overloading sits at the centre of the problem. Excessive loads can damage not only tyre casings but also vehicles, components and road infrastructure, undermining the economics of extending tyre life.

Sharma said stricter enforcement against overloading could itself provide a major stimulus for retreading without requiring the government to initially introduce financial incentives.

“I think incentives could be phase two. The trade will just flourish if you do the right thing, have good regulation and create the right environment,” he stated.

The call comes as BKT expands into India’s commercial vehicle radial tyre market. The company does not intend to enter the retreading business directly, Sharma said, but views retreading as an integral part of the commercial tyre lifecycle.

BKT has consequently spearheaded its ‘Save the Casing’ programme aimed at helping fleet operators preserve tyre casings during their first life so they remain suitable for retreading. The initiative involves working with end users to identify and avoid operating practices that can prematurely damage casings. “Once they are done with that, we will guide them to go for a retread and get the next life of the product,” Sharma said.

Beyond operating practices, Sharma identified fragmentation as another obstacle facing India’s retreading sector. He characterised much of the industry as cottage-scale with relatively few large, quality-conscious branded operators.

He also questioned recent changes to India’s GST structure. Sharma said new tyres previously attracted 28 percent GST compared with 18 percent for retreading, giving retreading a 10-percentage-point tax advantage. With the rates now aligned at 18 percent, he argued that the previous incentive has disappeared.

“Whatever little incentive was there has also been taken away,” Sharma said, describing the change as potentially an oversight that policymakers could reconsider.

SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE

However, Sharma maintained that neither technology nor technical expertise is the fundamental constraint on the industry’s development. Modern inspection technologies such as shearography can identify internal casing defects, while experienced operators already possess considerable expertise in manually determining whether casings are suitable for another life.

“Casing inspection remains critical. Shearography detects internal defects including trapped air and separations that may not be apparent during conventional inspection. However, the relatively high cost of such equipment means it may remain beyond the reach of many smaller retreaders,” he noted.

He sees the challenge as creating an ecosystem that rewards casing preservation, improves operating practices and gives retreading greater prominence within transport economics.

Sharma also linked the case for retreading with India’s dependence on imported crude oil and rubber. Extending tyre life reduces the requirement for new material and could therefore deliver benefits beyond individual fleet operating costs, he argued.

Retreading also carries a measurable resource advantage. By extending the life of an existing casing, the process reduces the need for fresh inputs and energy-intensive production. Industry estimates suggest that each retreaded tyre can save around 57 litres of oil and 44 kilogrammes of natural rubber, while avoiding roughly 136 kilograms of carbon emissions compared with a new tyre. In that sense, retreading is not just a cost lever for fleets but a straightforward way to improve resource efficiency across the tyre lifecycle.

With tyre prices having increased in recent months, Sharma said the economics of extracting additional life from a casing are becoming increasingly relevant to transport operators.

Sharma also sees an opportunity to improve not only the number of tyres being retreaded but the quality of casings entering the retreading ecosystem. He said the condition of a casing at the end of its first life depends significantly on how the tyre has been operated, with driving behaviour, loading and road-related damage influencing whether it can be used again.

“The casing must come out clean. The wear should be uniform. It should not have irregular, patchy wear,” Sharma said, adding that road abuse and improper repairs can further compromise its suitability for retreading.

PRESENT AVENUES

He nevertheless reiterated that India already possesses considerable human expertise in casing inspection. Experienced operators at retreaders, fleet accounts and casing dealers can manually assess whether a tyre remains suitable for another life.

“If you were to educate them, invest in their training, like the skill programmes that the Government of India is running, that ecosystem can be developed,” Sharma said.

He estimated that experienced casing inspectors can achieve a 95–96 percent success rate in determining whether a casing can be retreaded. Sharma also highlighted the classification of casings into different quality grades, arguing that better tyre management during the first life could improve the economics of subsequent retreading.

“Even if, let’s say, 30 percent of retreading has happened, but if through our programme the C casing can become an A casing, for example, that itself will improve the economics,” he said.

Sharma believes a stronger market could eventually encourage greater investment and consolidation in what remains a fragmented retreading industry. Once businesses recognise a viable commercial opportunity, he expects entrepreneurs to invest in modern retreading facilities and build larger operations.

“There is no dearth of entrepreneurship which will go bigger and get into putting state-of-the-art retreading plants across the length and breadth of the country,” he said, adding that the underlying technology is already well understood.

Sharma pointed to international markets where an established casing supply chain allows retreaders to procure used casings rather than operate solely on a job-work model in which a fleet sends its own casing for retreading and receives the same tyre back.

Such a model, he suggested, could eventually support branded retreaded products in India, with companies sourcing suitable casings, processing them and offering finished retreaded tyres independently.

Sharma said such products can be offered at around half the cost of a new tyre, strengthening the commercial case for building a more organised retreading ecosystem.

For BKT, the objective is not to compete with retreaders but to make the casing and the value embedded in it a more important consideration throughout a commercial tyre’s operating life.

“Retreading needs to be popularised in our country. It will benefit multiple stakeholders. It is good for consumers, the government, transporters and for the tyre industry as well,” Sharma said.

BEYOND RETREADER’S LENS

Sharma believes the debate around retreading needs to move beyond the commercial interests of retreaders and be considered in the wider context of resource utilisation, road infrastructure and transport efficiency.

“Don’t just look at it from a retreader’s lens. Look at why retreading is important,” he said.

According to Sharma, extending the useful life of a tyre casing can reduce the requirement for fresh resources while allowing transporters to extract greater value from an asset already in operation.

He questioned the consistency of promoting recycling and sustainable material use while failing to adequately encourage the reuse of tyre casings that are already designed for multiple lives.

Sharma also linked the issue to India’s broader transport ecosystem, arguing that overloading prematurely consumes resources embedded not only in tyres but across commercial vehicles.

“There are bushes, axles, wheels – and everything is getting impacted. We are talking about recycling in one place and we are destroying the metals and other resources of the planet which can get an extended life,” he said.

This, according to Sharma, is why changing operating behaviour is more important initially than providing financial incentives. He argued that voluntary change has not occurred at the required pace and regulation will therefore have to play a role.

“You have to change behaviour now by regulations,” he said.

Sharma also challenged the industry to reconsider the apparent contradiction between sustainability commitments and the relatively limited attention paid to retreading. While tyre manufacturers increasingly discuss recycled, natural and biodegradable materials in new products, he questioned whether extending the useful life of existing products has received comparable attention.

For BKT, that makes retreading a wider resource-efficiency proposition rather than simply an alternative tyre market. Sharma described it as a ‘low-hanging fruit’ capable of benefiting transporters, tyre companies, government and end users simultaneously.

The challenge, he argued, is getting the subject discussed beyond the relatively small retreading community and into the wider tyre, automotive and policymaking ecosystem.

“It just needs enough contemplation and discussion and conversation in the right rooms, right corridors of power,” Sharma said.

India’s retreading challenge, therefore, is less about technological capability than creating conditions in which preserving a casing makes economic and operational sense.

BKT’s intervention puts regulation and overloading at the centre of that debate; meanwhile, its own casing programme tests whether manufacturers can influence tyre use beyond the first life.

Moving from today’s limited adoption towards Sharma’s 90-percent ambition, however, will require more than advocacy as policymakers, tyre makers, retreaders and fleet operators will need to turn resource efficiency into routine operating practice.