Making a tyre is an extensive process that includes everything from formulation to testing. With the advancement in software-defined technology, tyre testing is increasing within a simulated environment. However, as real as the rubber wheel is, its testing in real-world environment stands as imminent in future course despite the current trend of simulation.

Alluding to this, Black Donuts Head of Tyre and Material Development Ilkka Lehtoranta told Tyre Trends, “Alongside the advanced laboratory equipment and various simulation methods, real-world tyre testing remains essential now and in the future. Physical testing in diverse conditions is critical for final evaluation and validation. Real-world tyre testing will continue to play a significant role moving forward. At Black Donuts, we offer comprehensive tyre testing services through our subsidiary, BD Testing. This company specialises in outdoor testing to ensure that products perform reliably in all environments.”

Commenting on the role of simulation in tyre development, he said, “Simulation plays a critical role in tyre development, offering a proven and essential part of the design process. One key type of simulation is finite element analysis (FEA), a mathematical method used to model and simulate physical phenomena. FEA is widely employed across industrial sectors including tyre manufacturing to predict and validate design performance before creating physical prototypes.”

“For tyre development, simulation tools provide significant advantages. By conducting design verification and validation virtually, companies can reduce the need to produce experimental tyre, which saves raw materials and minimises waste. This approach not only supports environmental goals but also accelerates the development timeline, allowing for faster iterations and refinements. Black Donuts integrates various simulation methods into its development process, heavily relying on the results to optimise designs,” he added.

Testing facilities

The Finnish company offers comprehensive tyre testing services with a primary focus on outdoor testing rather than indoor facilities. While indoor testing facilities are widely available globally, including in Europe, Asia, India and North America, Black Donuts has chosen to concentrate on outdoor testing. The company leverages the expertise of skilled test engineers and drivers, who understand the nuances of environmental and external factors, to deliver dependable testing outcomes. 

“We operate a proving ground in northern Sweden, where winter tyres are tested under snowy and icy conditions. Additionally, we have a testing centre in Finland’s Tampere region, which serves as a hub for evaluating tyre properties across a range of conditions. The facilities enable grip testing on ice, snow, wet and dry surfaces; noise testing for internal and external evaluations; handling and comfort assessments; aquaplaning analysis and tailored tests developed to meet specific customer needs,” informed Lehtoranta.

He mentioned that test drivers are central to Black Donuts' outdoor testing process as their expertise in assessing tyre behaviour is critical for validating designs and providing feedback to engineers. This collaboration ensures the test results are seamlessly integrated into the design and development process, allowing engineers to refine tyre properties based on real-world performance insights. 

Winter testing is conducted during the colder months to utilise natural snow and ice conditions. While the company does not have an indoor snow-testing facility, it makes use of local resources such as ice halls for ice-related evaluations. For summer tyres, the focus shifts to testing grip, handling and noise levels under both dry and wet conditions. 

In addition to testing during tyre development, Black Donuts supports homologation and certification processes. Through its subsidiary, BD Testing, the company provides accredited testing services and official test reports required for certifications by authorities. This includes European homologation tests for snow and ice performance, as well as specialised assessments such as road wear impact evaluations for studded tyres in Scandinavian markets. 

The company also conducts internal testing to collect data, monitor market trends and benchmark tyre performance. “This continuous research helps us to identify industry standards and emerging trends, ensuring that our tyre development projects remain innovative and competitive,” averred Lehtoranta.

Industry peek

Black Donuts provides end-to-end solutions for the global tyre industry, catering to both manufacturing and tyre research and development needs. Its services cover tyre design and production, materials research and development, making the company a comprehensive partner for tyre manufacturers globally. Whether supporting the establishment of new tyre plants, upgrading existing facilities or offering specific technical expertise, it has a broad portfolio of engineering and technological solutions. 

In production, Black Donuts assists manufacturers with everything from setting up greenfield projects to improving brownfield facilities. For existing manufacturing lines, the company conducts thorough audits to identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies and quality issues. The focus often includes increasing automation, enhancing productivity, reducing manufacturing costs, improving quality, minimising scrap and waste and even reducing tyre weight. These solutions are tailored to meet the specific demands of the client. 

For greenfield projects, it offers turnkey solutions. These include site selection support, plant layout design, architectural planning, defining machinery specifications, automation strategies and utility calculations. During the execution phase, an on-site engineering team supervises construction, machinery installation, commissioning and the ramp-up of production processes. The company also trains operators, troubleshoots quality issues and supports clients in improving efficiency. The level of post-production support is flexible with options for ongoing assistance tailored to the client's needs. 

Alluding to how the design and production process differ across regions, the executive said, “The design and production processes themselves are generally consistent across regions. However, automation levels may vary based on factors like labour costs and plant location. European facilities, for instance, often require higher automation levels due to higher manpower costs, though automation is increasingly being adopted in Asia as well. This trend has significantly reduced manpower requirements in tyre manufacturing globally, driven by advancements in automation technologies.”

Research and development

In tyre development, significant trends include the growing demand for sustainability, increased automation in production processes and evolving design needs tailored to regional and market-specific conditions. Tyre materials development is a subset of tyre development but is critical due to its role in addressing environmental and performance challenges. Black Donuts works on both these aspects, helping clients innovate while navigating changing demands in the tyre industry.

The push for sustainability is the most pressing challenge in tyre material development. There is an increasing emphasis on replacing fossil-based materials with sustainable alternatives like bio-based and recycled raw materials. Black Donuts plays a pivotal role in identifying and testing new materials available in the market, integrating them into tyre compounds and ensuring its compatibility with production processes.

In addition to working with existing materials, Black Donuts has initiated its own research and development efforts to explore innovative, out-of-the-box sustainable solutions. These include new bio-based raw materials currently under internal development, which are expected to be launched soon.

On the tyre development front, it offers comprehensive services for creating new tyre lines across segments like passenger car radial (PCR), truck and bus radial (TBR) and off-the-road (OTR) tyres. The designs cater to various markets including Europe, US, Asia and Africa, ensuring optimal performance under different environmental and regulatory conditions.

Customisation for specific client needs, whether summer or winter tyres, and adapting designs to suit regional preferences are also part of the company's everyday operations.

Competitive edge

The rapid evolution of technology, automation and sustainability trends demands agility and adaptability. Black Donuts maintains an active presence in the market, staying updated on global developments by leveraging its extensive partner network, including machinery and raw material suppliers, to gather insights and anticipate emerging trends.

Alluding how the company selects partners, the executive revealed, “The partner selection process is fundamental to delivering high-quality, innovative solutions. Many members of our team have decades of experience and longstanding relationships with suppliers, which provide a solid foundation for selecting trusted partners. Besides, there are several factors that are taken into account to source new partners.”

One of the most crucial factors in selecting partners is the technological capability. Black Donuts prioritises partners that offer cutting-edge technologies, which can add value to both the company and its customers. It also carefully evaluates the ability of potential partners to deliver machinery, raw materials and components as promised. Moreover, the company seeks partners who share values of sustainability.

While Black Donuts draws on its established relationships with trusted suppliers, the company remains proactive in sourcing new partners and exploring the latest advancements in technology and materials.

Sustainability

The executive noted that in the next five years, the proportion of renewable or bio-based materials in tyre production is expected to remain relatively modest. “Currently, aside from natural rubber, which makes up around 20 percent of tyre materials, the use of other renewable materials is almost negligible. While the industry faces challenges in sourcing and incorporating bio-based and recycled raw materials, it is estimated that within five years, the share of such materials could reach 30-35 percent of the total tyre content,” said Lehtoranta.

Alluding to industry goals of incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres by 2050, he noted, “Incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres is possible, but it will require collective action across the entire industry. All stakeholders must align and collaborate towards this common goal. Many mid-sized and smaller companies may struggle with this transition on its own, which is where industry partners can offer valuable support. This is also why companies are increasingly focusing on researching and developing new bio-based raw materials in order to expand the availability of these alternatives in the market. However, scaling these innovations to a commercial level remains a challenge as many promising ideas have not yet been fully realised on a large scale,” informed the official.

He also noted that achieving sustainability in tyre production will undoubtedly require significant investment. A key challenge is that sustainable raw materials are currently more expensive than conventional alternatives. Unfortunately, many end consumers are not yet willing to pay a premium for tyres made with sustainable materials.

Market presence

Black Donuts has a presence on all continents. “We have a strong market footprint, serving a wide range of regions. For instance, of the 25 largest tyre manufacturers, 20 have been or are currently our customers. We also have upcoming projects across Europe, Asia, North America, South America and Africa, highlighting our global reach and ongoing expansion,” said Lehtoranta.

He added, “In terms of revenue, our biggest business segment revolves around providing end-to-end solutions for tyre plants including services related to tyre factory setup and operations. This is the largest segment in terms of financial impact. Additionally, tyre and material development is another major part of our business contributing significantly to our overall revenue.”

North America is one of its largest markets, followed by Europe and Asia, though revenue distribution can vary year by year due to the nature of projects.

He also noted that regulations play a crucial role in driving the business. The regulation concerning studded tyres, for instance, which has been important in the European market. Winter tyre regulations, particularly the requirement for the snowflake symbol on tyres, are also significant, especially in Nordic countries.

Additionally, a newer regulation being prepared by the European Commission concerning tyre abrasion, which is becoming a more prominent issue due to sustainability concerns, is also slated to drive business.

Commenting on the same, the executive said, “Tyre abrasion, especially concerning microplastic emissions, has gained attention in Europe as tyres are recognised as a major contributor to microplastic pollution. The industry and authorities are now focusing on reducing this issue by improving tyre wear properties. The goal is to ensure that tyres generate less microplastic per kilometre driven. This is particularly relevant in regions with snowy and icy roads, where tyre performance and durability are critical.”

Furthermore, he highlighted that the difference between snow and ice significantly impacts tyre performance. Ice presents much lower friction than snow, which is why ice poses a more challenging driving condition. Tyres perform worse on ice, resulting in longer stopping distances. In regions with icy roads, like the Nordic countries, manufacturers often use studs to enhance grip on ice, improving safety by reducing braking distances.

Expansion and demand

The executive mentioned that the company is expanding in the Asian and North American markets. “While winter tyres are a big demand in these regions, it's important to note that winter tyre usage varies by region. In China, for example, there is a significant demand for winter tyres, particularly in colder regions, and Japan has a large market for them as well, with regulations encouraging its use. North America, especially in regions with harsh winters, also has a strong market for winter tyres,” said Lehtoranta.

“Despite the slowdown in the European market and concerns about the US market, we still see North America as a strong growth area for us. We haven't noticed any significant slowdown in our business there and the market remains promising. However, we also see great potential in Africa, where we are seeing a lot of investment activity,” he added.

Answering what factors led the company to explore avenues in Africa, he said, “Several factors are driving the growth potential in Africa. Currently, there is little local tyre manufacturing in the region and many countries are looking to establish local industries to boost the economies and create jobs. Additionally, Africa has significant natural resources including natural rubber and oil, which can be used to produce synthetic rubbers and other raw materials needed for tyre manufacturing. Local production would enable companies to add value by refining these raw materials into finished products like tyres, creating a more sustainable and profitable cycle.”

Commenting on future plans, he said, “Our focus will be on the entire tyre lifecycle, from raw materials to production, performance and ultimately, the end of life of the tyres. We are working on developing solutions that handle tyre disposal and recycling with the goal of creating a fully sustainable tyre manufacturing process. This approach would ensure that our products and services are environmentally friendly throughout the entire supply chain.”

Industry challenges

Tyre manufacturing factories often encounter several challenges when setting up greenfield and brownfield projects. One of the primary challenges is managing the project’s schedule and budget, ensuring that the project stays on track and within financial constraints. Another critical aspect is reaching the targeted capacity for the plant, which can be challenging given the complexities of large-scale projects.

Additionally, there are technological hurdles that the company must overcome, especially in terms of innovation and research. Developing new technologies and sustainable solutions for the industry is not an easy task and requires a long-term commitment.

In terms of business challenges, the company is focused on technological innovation and research. Developing cutting-edge technologies and creating sustainable solutions for tyre manufacturing is a key priority. However, this process is often time-consuming and requires significant effort.  This is where Black Donuts’ know-how and cutting-edge solutions come into play. The company is currently focused on pushing the boundaries of what is possible within the tyre industry, particularly regarding sustainability.

Regarding operations in India, the company is in the early stages of its expansion. Although it does not have a physical office in India yet, it has begun operations under the leadership of a technical director. The goal is to develop the business in India and gradually establish a technical centre that will focus on tyre simulation and other technical areas of tyre development.

The Chinese market is another area of focus. While it is not the largest market for the company, it remains an important one, with ongoing projects and customers in China. The company recognises that China is a significant player in the global tyre industry, and it continues to engage with the market, even though it is not the biggest revenue driver.

Additionally, the company is observing a trend where manufacturing is returning from Asia to local markets, a shift that began before the pandemic and has been accelerated by it. This trend is visible in regions like Africa, North America and Europe, where companies are establishing local production to mitigate supply chain issues and reduce reliance on distant markets. This shift represents a significant opportunity for the company to expand its operations and grow its presence in these regions.

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Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT) has expanded its partnerships in India’s premier men’s T20 cricket league to eight teams, adding Royal Challengers Bengaluru for the upcoming season as it seeks to strengthen its position in the country’s consumer tyre market.

The company said its BKT Tyres brand would continue as Official Tyre Partner to Kolkata Knight Riders, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Rajasthan Royals, Mumbai Indians, Gujarat Titans, Punjab Kings and Lucknow Super Giants, alongside the newly added Bengaluru franchise.

The move comes as BKT advances its entry into India’s consumer tyre segment, using the tournament as a platform to expand visibility and engage a broader customer base, including commercial operators and private vehicle owners.

The partnerships are structured as long-term arrangements, incorporating stadium branding, broadcast integrations, dealer activations and digital campaigns aimed at strengthening fan engagement.

Rajiv Poddar, JMD of BKT, said: “Partnering with sporting institutions has always been central to BKT’s philosophy of Growing Together with communities. Cricket is one of the most influential cultural forces in India, uniting people across geographies, generations and backgrounds. Our continued partnerships as the Official Tyre Partner under the BKT Tyres brand allow us to connect with audiences in a meaningful way while strengthening our presence in the tyre segment. Through this association, we will further amplify our ‘Elevate Your Drive’ campaign featuring Ranveer Singh across broadcast and digital touchpoints, bringing the campaign’s message of ambition, progress and forward momentum to millions of viewers. These collaborations reflect our commitment to building long-term relationships founded on teamwork, performance and shared aspirations.”

Venky Mysore, Chief Executive of Kolkata Knight Riders, said: “BKT Tyres is not just a partner they are a brand that shares our relentless pursuit of performance. This renewed association is a testament to the trust we have built together and the ambition we carry forward. As BKT accelerates its growth in India's consumer market, the Knight Riders brand gives them the platform, the passion, and the global scale to make that journey count. At Knight Riders Sports, we do not build partnerships for visibility alone we build them for impact. This collaboration is precisely that: two performance-driven organisations, aligned in purpose, investing in a future they intend to win together.”

Rajesh Menon, Chief Executive of Royal Challengers Bengaluru, said: “Royal Challengers Bengaluru is proud to welcome BKT Tyres as our Official Tyre Partner. At RCB, we believe in pushing boundaries, embracing ambition, and creating meaningful connections with our fans, values that closely align with BKT’s ‘Elevate Your Drive’ philosophy. Together, we aim to accelerate our shared vision of excellence, resilience, and forward momentum both on and off the field.”

K Shanmugam, Chief Executive of Sunrisers Hyderabad, said: “We are happy to continue our partnership with BKT Tyres as part of this T20 cricket league. This collaboration reflects a strong alignment of values, bringing together a shared focus on excellence, performance, and consistency. Together, we move forward with clear intent, committed to raising standards both on and off the field, while delivering a meaningful and engaging experience for fans.”

Alok Chitre, Chief Operating Officer of Rajasthan Royals, said: “We are delighted to partner with BKT Tyres for the sixth year, with a shared energy and drive for performance that continues to strengthen our association. Their commitment to sport, and cricket specifically, reflects a clear focus on the growth of the game and its fan ecosystem in India. As we advance in scale and influence, we look forward to building on this partnership in a meaningful way this year as well.”

A Mumbai Indians spokesperson said: “BKT Tyres has been a valued long-term partner of Mumbai Indians, and this continued partnership reflects a shared commitment to consistency and performance. We look forward to building on this partnership through the season.”

Colonel Arvinder Singh, Chief Operating Officer of Gujarat Titans, said: “Gujarat Titans are pleased to continue the association with BKT Tyres. Partnerships like these reflect a shared commitment to performance, consistency and long-term growth. Such collaborations provide a strong platform for teams and brands to connect with fans across the world, and we look forward to building on this association while continuing to engage meaningfully with our supporters and striving for excellence both on and off the field.”

Satish Menon, Chief Executive of Punjab Kings, said: “We are very happy to continue our journey with BKT Tyres. They have been a loyal and valued partner for the Punjab Kings over the years. Their commitment to excellence matches our ambitions, and it is always a pleasure to work with a brand that understands the pulse of the sport and its fans so well.”

Vinay Chopra, Chief Executive of RPSG Sports Private Limited, said: “At Lucknow Super Giants, we believe that strong partnerships are built on shared values of performance, resilience, and ambition. Our association with BKT Tyres reflects this synergy, as both brands are committed to pushing boundaries and consistently striving for excellence. As we gear up for another exciting season, we look forward to engaging our fans more deeply and creating meaningful experiences together through this partnership.”

BKT said its sports partnerships form part of a broader global portfolio spanning multiple disciplines, aimed at reinforcing brand visibility and consumer engagement.

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Goodyear India Limited said its board has taken note of the resignation of Abhishek Arora as Director – Human Resources, India, with effect from April 20, 2026, and approved the appointment of Vishal Dhingra as HR Director, South Asia from April 21, 2026.

Arora, who will also cease to be a senior management personnel member on April 20, 2026, resigned to explore external growth opportunities, according to the company.

The board approved Dhingra’s appointment following the recommendation of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. He will assume the role as a senior management personnel from April 21, 2026.

Dhingra has more than 25 years of experience in human resources. He joined Goodyear in July 2020 as Director HR – India and currently serves as HR Director – ASEANZ. Prior to this, he held roles at PepsiCo, India, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Limited, Eicher Tractors and Ballarpur Industries Limited.

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India has concluded that imports of emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) of the 1500 series from the European Union, Japan, South Korea, Russia and Thailand were dumped, following an anti-dumping investigation initiated in March 2025.

The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, found that dumping margins across all subject countries were above the de minimis threshold and “significant”.

The investigation was launched after Reliance Industries Limited filed an application alleging injury from imports of the product, which is widely used in tyre manufacturing and other rubber goods. The authority determined that the application met the requirements for standing, with support from Indian Synthetic Rubber Private Limited.

The product under consideration, ESBR-1500, is primarily used in tyres due to its abrasion resistance and ageing stability. The DGTR concluded that domestically produced material is comparable to imported goods and can be used interchangeably.

The period of investigation covered October 2023 to September 2024, with injury analysis spanning four financial years. During this time, imports from the subject countries rose overall and accounted for more than 90 per cent of total imports throughout the period.

The authority found that import volumes were highest during the investigation period and had increased relative to domestic production and consumption.

Dumping margins varied by country. Imports from the European Union and Japan were found to have margins in the range of 10–20 per cent, while Russia showed higher margins of 20–30 per cent. South Korea and Thailand recorded lower ranges, generally between 0–10 per cent for cooperating producers and up to 10–20 per cent for others.

The DGTR conducted a cumulative assessment of imports, concluding that goods from the subject countries compete with each other and with domestic production in the Indian market.

On injury, the authority determined that increased imports had affected the domestic industry through price suppression and declining profitability. It noted that while demand for the product rose steadily, the domestic industry’s financial performance weakened over the same period.

The DGTR also rejected arguments that the injury was caused by internal inefficiencies or raw material volatility, stating that such fluctuations were global and not specific to India.

The authority concluded that dumped imports had caused material injury to the domestic industry, establishing a causal link between import volumes and the deterioration in financial performance.

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Fornnax Technology, a global leader in recycling equipment manufacturing, has officially brought Sushil Upadhyay on board as the new Head of its Service Department, a leadership transition that takes effect immediately. With a professional background spanning over 26 years, Upadhyay arrives with extensive experience drawn from multiple multinational corporations. Throughout his career, he has successfully managed and coordinated large, cross-functional teams comprising more than 300 professionals. Within his new capacity at Fornax, his primary focus will involve steering strategic transformations within the service domain, with the objective of optimising equipment reliability, maximising value across the lifecycle of machinery and elevating the sustained performance of the company’s worldwide installed base of industrial recycling solutions.

In the coming year, the service division under his leadership is set to concentrate on a series of clearly defined operational objectives. Key among these is the effort to curtail instances of unexpected machinery downtime by integrating both preventive and predictive maintenance approaches. The team also intends to roll out measurable performance benchmarks for service delivery, which will include tracking metrics such as speed of response, Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) and overall equipment uptime. Moreover, there will be a concerted push to reinforce the availability of spare components by optimising regional warehousing and distribution processes.

Further developments on the agenda involve the creation and delivery of well-structured training modules targeting technical expertise and workplace safety, aimed at enhancing the capabilities of service personnel. In parallel, the organisation plans to introduce digital tools designed to boost transparency in operations and enable customers to more effectively monitor service activities. These combined efforts underscore Fornnax’s commitment to evolving its service infrastructure in response to growing demands for efficiency and reliability.

Jignesh Kundaria, Director & CEO, Fornnax, said, “Our people are the true engine behind our innovation and execution. As we scale globally and expand our footprint across diverse recycling applications, cultivating a culture of excellence remains central to our strategy. In 2026, we are intensifying our focus on talent development, leadership growth and building a high-ownership, high-accountability environment that drives continuous improvement across engineering, manufacturing, and service. This will set new benchmarks in the industry, and I believe Upadhyay will play a crucial role in this journey.”

Upadhyay said, “Fornnax’s strong positioning in high-capacity shredding solutions and its commitment to sustainable recycling deeply resonated with me. The company’s engineering strength and rapid growth trajectory present a powerful opportunity to build a world-class service organisation. In an industry where machine reliability directly impacts customer profitability, service becomes a direct driver of customer success. I am excited to elevate Service from a support function to a strategic growth enabler, which is specifically focused on uptime, lifecycle value and long-term partnerships.”

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