In the state-of-the-art facilities of Huai’an, China, cutting-edge automated production lines craft precision steel cord that will soon strengthen tyres rolling across India’s expanding highway network. For Zenith Steel Group, a USD 28 billion steel and technology leader, these gleaming threads represent an exciting opportunity to support India’s remarkable automotive growth story.

The opportunity is extraordinary. India’s steel cord market, currently at 200,000 tonnes annually, is set to nearly double within a decade as the world’s largest democracy accelerates its infrastructure development and vehicle ownership continues its impressive rise. For Zenith, recognised among China’s top 500 enterprises, partnering with India’s growth represents a natural strategic alignment.

“India is a ‘must win’ place for us,” enthuses Sheng Rongsheng, CEO of Zenith’s International Business, highlighting the company’s commitment to supporting what executives view as the world’s most promising automotive market.

The timing reflects India’s automotive evolution success story. The country’s tyre industry is experiencing a remarkable transformation from traditional technologies to advanced radial systems, creating unprecedented opportunities for innovative steel cord solutions. This transition has generated significant demand while showcasing India’s unique engineering capabilities in adapting global technologies to local requirements.

Zenith’s expansion into India exemplifies positive global collaboration trends. As companies worldwide embrace supply chain diversification, the Chinese innovator’s investment in India demonstrates how international partnerships can deliver mutual benefits through technology transfer and competitive alternatives.

The initiative promises substantial advantages for Indian tyre manufacturers, including access to advanced manufacturing technologies, competitive pricing options and enhanced supply chain resilience. For Zenith, success in India represents validation of its evolution from regional producer to global technology partner.

With India’s automotive sector poised for continued expansion, this collaboration highlights how international expertise can support domestic growth while fostering innovation across the global tyre industry.

In the sprawling industrial complex of Huai’an, China, massive automated production lines hum with precision, producing fine steel cord that glistens like gold yet is strong enough to reinforce truck tyres that traverse India’s expanding highway network. This is the manufacturing heart of Zenith Steel Group’s ambitious global expansion, and India is squarely in its crosshairs.

The USD 28 billion Chinese steel conglomerate, which ranked 175th among China’s top 500 enterprises in 2022, is making calculated moves to capture a significant share of the global (and also India’s) growing tyre reinforcement materials market. With plans to reach 1.6 million tonnes of annual production capacity for high-strength steel cord, bead wire and hose wire, Zenith is positioning itself as a formidable competitor in a market currently dominated by a single established player.

“Our ambition is to become the leader in the worldwide steel cord industry, and needless to say, India plays a critical role in our global strategy given the fact that it has the largest population in the world, and therefore, we believe its market potential on top of today’s sizeable demand of about 200 kt a year is bigger than anybody else. So India is a ‘must win’ place for us,” says Sheng Rongsheng, CEO of Zenith’s International Business.

This strategic push comes at a time when India’s tyre industry is rapidly evolving, driven by infrastructure improvements, vehicle market growth and increasing tyre radialisation rates. The timing appears opportune but breaking into India’s notoriously challenging market will test Zenith’s technical capabilities, localisation strategies and cost competitiveness in what industry experts describe as one of the world’s most demanding tyre markets.

EVOLUTION OF INDIA’S STEEL CORD MARKET

India’s steel cord market has undergone dramatic transformation in recent decades, evolving from a predominantly bias tyre market to increasingly adopting radial technology, which requires steel cord reinforcement.

“The Indian market is one of the few markets where bias tyres have been successful and still are in certain segments. This is due to road and usage conditions like loading and tyre inflation pressures,” explains Srikanth Chakravarthy, Designated Partner and Managing Director of Zenith India, who is representing Zenith in India after spending over 25 years in the steel cord business. “However, over the last three decades, road infrastructure has evolved quite rapidly not only in terms of new roads but quality of highways as well. This helped radialisation and therefore the demand of steel cord in India.”

This transition has created significant market opportunities but also unique challenges. Indian tyre manufacturers have developed distinctively local requirements that differ from global standards, driven by the country’s specific road conditions and vehicle usage patterns.

“Steel tyre cord itself has seen an evolution with initial designs being an outcome of international designs and choices and foreign collaborations. But Indian tyre makers were quick to study local requirements and design in-house leading to rapid product portfolio changes that saw the needle moving, for instance on tensile, from normal tensile to high tensile and now super and ultra tensile,” Chakravarthy notes. “The evolution has been also in terms of the design of cords that are more lightweight, stronger and now there is a big focus on sustainable solutions embracing circularity and reduced Co₂ emissions.”

According to the company, Zenith is already engaging with multiple Indian tyre manufacturers including Apollo Tyres, MRF, JK Tyre, CEAT, BKT, ATG, MPTL (Ascenso) and Ralson, and also with international players like Yokohama, Goodyear, Bridgestone and Continental. Several companies including JK and BKT have confirmed homologation approvals, marking critical early success for Zenith’s market entry strategy.  

Industry analysts estimate that India’s steel cord market is currently around 200,000 tonnes annually with significant growth, almost double, expected in the coming decade as vehicle ownership continues to expand and tyre radialisation rates increase, particularly in the commercial vehicle segment.

THREE-PRONGED STRATEGY

Zenith’s approach to the Indian market follows a carefully staged strategy that balances immediate export opportunities with long-term localisation goals. The company’s leadership team is clear about the methodical approach they’re taking.

“The approach can be divided into three parts,” explains Chakravarthy. “In the short term, the focus is on getting all approvals done quickly from the plant base in Huai’an. In the medium term, as commercial sales initiate, it is to offer outstanding service with warehousing, consignment stock, local technical service, co-development and efficient logistics. In the long term, the plan is to explore partnerships that enable a local footprint or a non-China-based footprint that can continue to offer the full value proposition with the added advantage of local presence.”

This methodical approach reflects Zenith’s understanding of Indian market requirements, where local presence is often a key differentiator. The company is already responding to specific customer requests for enhanced service offerings as Kelfen Zhu, International Sales Director, acknowledges, “Local warehousing has been mentioned by Indian customers, Zenith is seriously working on the solution.”

While the company currently manufactures in China with no production facilities in India, its leadership is clearly signalling future localisation plans that could include partnerships or direct investment. “To become No.1 in this market over time, there are two steps to go: first to become No.1 among all the import players, then when condition allows, to build up local production capacity and eventually become No.1 among all the steel cord suppliers to this market,” shares Rongsheng, outlining the company’s ambitious goals.

The timeline for such moves remains undefined but appears to be part of a long-term vision rather than an immediate priority. Chakravarthy suggests, “As mentioned before, this is part of the long-term strategy and we are already talking to several local players. In time, this dialogue will take shape with the right partner and India will get a very strong alternative that allows it to offer higher value to the automotive OEMs and replacement market.”

QUALITY MANAGEMENT: THE CORNERSTONE OF CUSTOMER ACQUISITION

For Zenith, quality management represents the foundation of its customer acquisition strategy in India. The company received IATF 16949 certification in February 2024 alongside ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 certifications – credentials that are essential for supplying to global and Indian tyre manufacturers.

“Zenith is committed to building a robust quality management system that is customer-centric, process-oriented and integrates advanced digital solutions to realise full-process traceability and intelligent decision-making based on AI model,” states Bian Keping, Quality Manager at Zenith Steel.

This quality management system adopts both reactive and pro-active approaches to customer feedback. “For reactive way, we respond quickly to customer complaint if and when some failure happened at customer side. The systematic problem-solving mechanism, i.e. 8D methodology, would be triggered to resolve the issues. For pro-active way, we collect customers’ voice via plant visit, technical forum, questionnaire etc. we also seek feedback with an open mind when customers visit us for audits and visit. All VOC will be seriously summarised, analysed and archived to guide both product development and process improvement process,” says Keping. The company claims particular innovation in addressing common defect issues that plague tyre manufacturers. Keping adds, “Till now, Zenith doesn’t have local plant in India. For plants in China, we have introduced lots of error-proof solutions to cope with typical defects at customers sides, e.g. short-length, broken welding, cord formation defects and etc., which can definitely enhance customer satisfaction in India.”

One specific innovation highlighted by the quality team is particularly relevant to Indian manufacturing conditions. “Especially for tip-rise issue, Zenith is the first steel cord manufacturer world-wide to realise non-manual testing of residual torsion of TC spool, which can improve the accuracy and reliability of torsion testing results and significantly reduce the risk of tip-rise,” says Keping. This focus on tip-rise issues appears strategically targeted as Zhu confirms. “Tip-rise is a concern for customers right from trial stage. Professional local technical presence can clear the concern with immediate post-sales follow up and communication,” he says.  

R&D CAPABILITIES: ADDRESSING INDIA’S UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS

Zenith’s research and development strategy for India focuses on developing products that address specific challenges in the Indian market, particularly the need for tyres that can withstand heavy loads, variable road conditions and cost pressures.

Dr Wang Aiping , Head of R&D at Zenith, outlines the company’s approach: “Our approach is to develop higher strength steel cord such as ST/UT and new steel cord with better fatigue performance. We will also develop customised steel cord with certain requirements like better rubber penetration and provide advanced test service such as aged adhesion, fatigue, rubber penetration etc.”

The company appears to be investing significantly in its research and development capabilities for the Indian market with Dr Aiping indicating that at least three percent of sales income will be allocated to R&D expenditures focused on Indian operations, depending on the progress.

This research and development strategy emphasises both performance and cost considerations, reflecting an understanding of the unique price-performance demands of the Indian market. “We will focus more on both steel cord strength and fatigue performance with tyre overload condition. We will also acquire experienced senior steel cord application expertise,” Dr Aiping notes when describing how Zenith’s research and development approach differs from competitors in addressing Indian market needs.

The integration of sustainability into product development also appears to be a key differentiator for Zenith’s research and development strategy. The company is developing a carbon emission management platform tailored for Indian industries to help monitor, report and reduce emissions, supporting compliance with national ESG and carbon credit regulations. “Our research and development efforts are focused on higher strength steel cord development including ultra-tensile (UT) and mega-tensile (MT) variants, which reduce material usage and enhance fuel efficiency for automotive applications,” notes Dr Aiping.

Zenith is also introducing steel cords manufactured from high scrap ratio wire rods (≥60%), promoting circular manufacturing and reducing the carbon footprint in line with India’s green steel and recycling policies.

It is evident that tyre manufacturers globally are increasingly focused on sustainability metrics, driven by both regulatory requirements and market demand for reduced environmental impact. Zenith’s emphasis on carbon footprint measurement and recycled content appears designed to address this emerging requirement in the Indian market.

THE INTELLIGENT FACTORY

Zenith’s manufacturing capabilities represent a central pillar of its value proposition to Indian customers. The company has invested heavily in creating what it describes as an ’Intelligent Factory’ in Huai’an, featuring advanced robotics, automated material handling systems and advanced process controls.

Chakravarthy, who has extensive experience in the steel cord industry, makes a bold claim about these facilities stating, “I have spent nearly 2.5 decades in the steel cord business and I have not seen a plant as modern, efficient and sophisticated in the steel cord business like the Zenith plant in Huai’an.”

This manufacturing sophistication appears designed to address two critical requirements for the Indian market, namely consistent quality and cost competitiveness. The automated systems promise reduced variability, while scale and efficiency aim to deliver competitive pricing despite the logistical challenges of serving India from China.

A distinctive feature of Zenith’s manufacturing approach is its emphasis on traceability and carbon emissions management. The company has developed what it calls an ‘Integrated Carbon Emission Management System’ that provides product carbon footprint data at the SKU level with third-party verification. This system allows Zenith to provide tyre manufacturers with detailed emissions data for their supply chain reporting – an increasingly important consideration for global tyre companies and their automotive customers.

“Zenith invested much more in automation and digitalisation than any other competitors. With these technologies in place, we can definitely create extra value for our customers. One example here is the product traceability, and we are the only one in the industry who is able to realise full process information traceability, from the wire rod to the finished goods,” notes Rongsheng when discussing important technology transfers to Indian operations.

Industry experts observe that manufacturing scale is increasingly important in the capital-intensive steel cord industry, where economies of scale drive cost competitiveness. Zenith’s ambitious capacity expansion plans, which will see it reach 1.6 million tonnes of annual production capacity across multiple plants, position the company as the largest global producers of steel cord and bead wire.

CHALLENGE OF COST COMPETITIVENESS

Despite its technological and quality advantages, Zenith faces significant challenges in achieving the cost competitiveness demanded by Indian tyre manufacturers, who operate in one of the world’s most price-sensitive markets.

Chakravarthy is forthright about this challenge. He says, “A challenge of local steel cord being cost competitive with international options is a matter of concern to the tyre industry. Also, the world of technology is rapidly evolving, and we must acknowledge that in this industry the Chinese players have made significant strides and therefore offer an equally superior infrastructure and sustainable solutions, but scale of economy will be a challenge for time to come.”

Indian tyre customers have particularly demanding requirements as Chakravarthy explains. “Indian tyre makers have a unique challenge to make the best tyre that is abuse proof, high performing, absolutely reliable, sustainable, safe, giving the best fuel efficiency and longest tyre life at the lowest cost. It might sound ridiculous, but this is reality, and Indian tyre makers have constantly risen to this challenge and developed the radial tyre market this way,” he says.

Meeting these challenging requirements while maintaining competitive pricing is the central challenge for Zenith’s India strategy. Chakravarthy emphasises that Indian customers expect steel cord partners to have a focus on innovation, consistent quality (low variations), intervention-free processability, traceability of carbon emissions, recycled content in steel cord without compromising quality and above all cost competitiveness.

BUILDING LOCAL PRESENCE

Recognising the importance of local presence, Zenith is planning to establish a technical and commercial team in India in the second half of 2025. “A professional local team with senior experts from industry will be built in H2 2025,” according to Zhu.

In the meantime, the company is leveraging its regional presence with Zhu noting that Zenith’s customer service representatives in SEA countries can back up Indian market whenever required.

This gradual approach to building local presence appears designed to match resources with market development progress. Chakravarthy acknowledges that it is only three months that he is associated with Zenith and the focus is on introducing the company, having tyre customers visit and audit the facility as they conduct approvals. “Our talent acquisition and development will be based on the various stages of growth as mentioned earlier and we will not settle for anything less than the best,” he says.

The company’s commitment to local presence seems rooted in an understanding of the Indian market’s preference for local technical support and service responsiveness. “Think global and act local is the way to go,” says Rongsheng. “We understand that India is a very demanding market; we will for sure deliver our products with the best quality, in cooperation with Sri and his team, who is by far the best local partner we could have in this region. As time goes by, we will build up local warehouses in order to foster delivery flexibilities to our customers,” he adds.

A STRATEGIC DIFFERENTIATOR

A distinctive feature of Zenith’s market approach is its design integration on sustainability and carbon emissions. The company transports its wire rod by water ways, reducing its C02 emissions per tonne per km significantly vs road transport. The use of energy efficient motors, solar power on site, optimal plant   layout maximising efficiency with Co2 capture at every stage is what sets the Huai’an plant apart. This, coupled with the deployment of sophisticated systems for tracking and reporting carbon emissions throughout the production process, offers tyre manufacturers detailed data for their sustainability reporting.

The company’s investments in sustainability technologies reflect growing market demand for environmentally responsible manufacturing practices. One of the biggest challenges for carbon emission management is to understand carbon emission in Scope 3. The carbon emission management system of Zenith integrates all product carbon footprint data throughout the supply chain, from raw material sourcing to product distribution.

GLOBAL COMPETITION AND MARKET POSITIONING

Zenith’s push into India comes amid broader global trends of supply chain diversification and regionalisation in the steel and automotive supply chains. Global trade tensions, shipping disruptions and sustainability considerations are all driving tyre manufacturers to seek more resilient and localised supply networks.

This context creates both opportunity and urgency for Zenith’s India strategy. On one hand, tyre manufacturers are actively seeking supply alternatives to reduce concentration risk. On the other hand, competitors are also pursuing similar strategies, creating a race to establish market position.

The company’s aggressive capacity expansion in China – investing in projects totalling 1.6 million tonnes of annual production, a full-fledged R&D facility, integrated steel manufacturing, access to harbour, talented work force – positions it to serve not only India but global markets too. This scale could provide advantages in new technology development, raw material sourcing and manufacturing efficiency that benefit the Indian business.

However, relying exclusively on exports from China also creates vulnerability, particularly if trade tensions or shipping constraints resurface. This reality likely explains Zenith’s interest in eventually establishing non-China production capacities, potentially including India itself.

Industry experts note that India’s government has been actively encouraging greater localisation of manufacturing across various industries including automotive components. This policy direction could create both incentives and pressures for Zenith to accelerate its plans for local production capabilities in India.

CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT

Zenith’s approach to the Indian market emphasises close technical collaboration with tyre manufacturers, recognising the unique requirements of the Indian market and the value of co-development in addressing these needs.

“We organise technical forum with customers’ research and development team to listen to their concerns and feedback. For some critical issues, management team will assign corresponding resource to cope with,” the company’s Quality Manager notes when describing collaboration with research and development to improve product quality.

This collaborative approach appears designed to address the specific technical challenges faced by Indian tyre manufacturers, who must design products for uniquely challenging operating conditions. “Indian customers value reliability, cost-effectiveness and localised post-sales support. Zenith prioritises trust-building through transparent communication, joint problem-solving and tailor-made new product development,” notes Zhu.

“The company’s research and development team is also focused on supporting this collaborative approach with plans to have regular technical meeting and build-up co-operation project with certain customer,” according to Dr Aiping.

GROWTH PROJECTIONS

Zenith’s current production capacity and expansion plans are substantial, reflecting the company’s global ambitions. According to the company, Zenith expects to reach around 500,000 tonnes of sales in 2025 and over 800,000 tonnes in 2026. This rapid scaling of production capacity underscores the company’s global ambitions.

The company’s manufacturing facilities are organised into multiple plants, each focusing on specific product lines:

• Plant 1: 240,000 tonnes/year of steel cord (full operation)
• Plant 2: 300,000 tonnes/year of bead wire (3/6 lines installed)
• Plant 7: 280,000 tonnes/year of steel cord (800 tonnes/day)
• Plant 6: 280,000 tonnes/year of steel cord (construction started in April 2024)
• Plants 3 and 5: 500,000 tonnes/year of steel cord (to be launched in 2025/2026)

This capacity expansion is backed by substantial investment with the company noting that it will invest over USD 140 million on its research and development centre to make sure it will remain a winner tomorrow. ”Zenith’s state-of-the-art production facilities and its very experienced team guarantee high product quality as well as stability. Because of its large production  capacity, Zenith has a strong economy of scale and therefore is able to offer very competitive prices to Indian customers. Zenith will invest over USD 140 million on its research and development centre to make sure it will remain a winner tomorrow,” adds Rongsheng.

AMBITIONS AND REALISM

Zenith’s ambitions for the Indian market are clearly substantial, but so are the challenges. The company faces competition not only from the established local player but also from other global steel cord manufacturers eyeing India’s growth potential.

Chakravarthy sees the opportunity for Zenith to become a very strong alternative that allows India to offer higher value to the automotive OEMs and replacement market. He suggests that what Zenith could offer the Indian tyre industry is an extremely cost-competitive source that is able to provide the most modern technology, efficiency, highest levels of quality, deep innovation and enough volumes to support the growth of Indian market requirements in the years to come.

However, realising this vision requires executing across multiple dimensions simultaneously including building customer relationships, establishing local presence, ensuring cost competitiveness and eventually pursuing local manufacturing partnerships.

The company’s leadership appears clear-eyed about both the opportunities and challenges. “India can only become more important for Zenith in the future. It’s a growing market and the demand is going up every year. You cannot find this promising trend in those mature or developed markets,” says Rongsheng.

For the Indian market specifically, success will ultimately be measured by commercial performance and customer acceptance. While several Indian tyre manufacturers are already engaging with Zenith for approvals and trials, converting these initial engagements into substantial, regular supply relationships represents the true test of the company’s strategy.

As Chakravarthy puts it, “Being a steel cord player, where approvals themselves take a couple of years or more, requires a long-term vision and commitment. The level of commitment can simply be measured by how much investment a company is making for catering to the future needs of the industry. Zenith’s investments are not only towards securing volume needs of the Indian tyre industry but also fulfilling evolving technological, quality, sustainable and economic viability needs. “

A NEW FORCE

As Zenith advances its India strategy, the company appears poised to become a significant force in the country’s steel cord market. Its combination of manufacturing scale, technical capabilities and strategic focus on Indian requirements positions it well to challenge existing suppliers and support the continued growth of India’s tyre industry.

 “It is not an easy road, and the only way to succeed is to collaborate with the best in the industry who can address all these aspects, not just some of these aspects,” Chakravarthy observes, capturing both the opportunity and challenge that lies ahead for Zenith in India.

For Indian customers, Zenith’s entry marks the first ever steel cord supplier who is backward integrated with steelmaking offering complete control on quality and scale and capacity and thereby supports a unique value proposition built on the principles of quality, sustainability, innovation, service and cost competitiveness. For Zenith, success in India represents not just a commercial opportunity but a strategic imperative as the company seeks to transform from a China-focused producer to a truly global steel cord supplier.

As the company enters its next phase of market development in India, all eyes will be on its ability to deliver on the twin promises of quality and cost competitiveness that define success in this demanding market. With its ambitious capacity expansion plans, investments in advanced manufacturing technologies and growing engagement with Indian customers, Zenith appears determined to establish itself as a long-term player in India’s evolving steel cord landscape.

“India presents a growth market in the long term with a strong case for doubling its steel cord demand within the decade. Unlike some global manufacturing platforms that are largely export dependent, India has a healthy domestic market with a continued and healthy growth projection both for domestic and exports,” Chakravarthy noted, summarising the strategic rationale behind Zenith’s India push.

In the global context of supply chain diversification and growing emphasis on sustainability, Zenith’s investment in India reflects broader trends reshaping the steel and automotive supply chains. The company’s success or failure in India will serve as a case study in how Chinese manufacturers can navigate the complex process of expanding beyond their home market into challenging but potentially rewarding growth markets.

As one industry analyst put it, “The entry of players like Zenith brings much-needed competition to India’s steel cord market. If they can deliver on their promises of quality, cost and eventually local manufacturing, Indian tyre makers stand to benefit significantly from an expanded and more competitive supplier base.”

The months and years ahead will reveal whether this confidence is justified and whether Zenith can translate its ambitious plans into market reality in one of the world’s most challenging and promising tyre markets.

THE PATH FORWARD: STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES AND CHALLENGES

As Zenith advances its India strategy, several key imperatives and challenges emerge from the company’s approach:

1. Balancing global scale with local adaptation: Zenith must leverage its global scale while adapting to the specific requirements of the Indian market. “Think global and act local’ is the way to go,” as Rongsheng puts it.

2. Establishing local presence: Building a local technical and commercial team will be crucial for addressing Indian customers’ expectations for responsive service and support. “Professional local team with senior experts from industry will be built in 2H’2025,” according to Zhu.

3. Ensuring cost competitiveness: Despite technological advantages, Zenith must deliver competitive pricing to succeed in India’s price-sensitive market. “The Indian consumers are a price and value sensitive market, and therefore it is not sufficient to just have a local footprint without addressing the key questions of cost competitiveness, sustainability and technology sufficiently,” Chakravarthy notes.

4. Developing market-specific products: India’s unique road conditions and vehicle usage patterns require specialised steel cord solutions. “To consider both steel cord strength and fatigue performance with tyre overload condition,” Dr Aiping emphasises.

5. Building long-term partnerships: Success in India will require strong relationships with tyre manufacturers and potentially local manufacturing partners. “In time, this dialogue will take shape with the right partner and India will get a very strong alternative that allows it to offer higher value to the automotive OEMs and replacement market,” Chakravarthy suggests.

Indian tyre maker posts robust margins and doubles down on electric vehicle segment as it digests the Sri Lankan acquisition

Sharad Matade

CEAT delivered a strong second-quarter performance, with revenues rising 12.2 percent year-on-year, even as the company navigates turbulent US tariff waters and integrates its recently acquired Sri Lankan off-highway tyre business.

The Mumbai-based tyre manufacturer reported standalone earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of INR 5.07 billion for the quarter ended September, with margins expanding to 13.7 percent. Net profit was INR 2.02 billion, a significant improvement from last year’s INR 1.22 billion.

“We’ve had a good quarter,” Managing Director Arnab Banerjee told analysts on an earnings call, noting that gross margins had climbed back into the company’s long-term target range of 40-42 percent after benefiting from softer raw material prices.

CAMSO Bet Takes Shape

The quarter’s headline event was CEAT’s completion of the CAMSO acquisition from Michelin on 1 September, a deal that positions the Indian manufacturer as a leading player in premium off-highway tyres. The company spent INR 12.32 billion in total for the transaction: INR 2.72 billion in equity, INR 7.02 billion in debt, and INR 2.38 billion for intangibles like trademarks and patents.

Chief Financial Officer Kumar Subbiah said the acquisition pushed consolidated debt to INR 29.44 billion by quarter-end, though debt-to-EBITDA remains comfortable at 1.8 times and debt-equity at 0.64 times. “We have enough leverage to provide necessary growth capital going forward,” he assured investors.

The company has historically maintained conservative financial thresholds, preferring not to exceed debt-to-EBITDA of 3 times or debt-equity of 1 time at peak levels. Although it has never exceeded INR 21 billion in absolute debt before, management is confident in the current INR 30 billion debt level, given the growth opportunities ahead.

The Sri Lankan plant currently operates at 50 percent capacity utilisation, offering significant upside potential. However, CEAT will not gain full control of the value chain for another five to six quarters, as it continues purchasing semi-finished goods from Michelin while setting up upstream mixing and calendaring equipment.

“There have been no surprises based on one month of operation,” Banerjee said, adding that the business is progressing well and remains on track to be margin-accretive in the medium term.

Aggressive Investment Programme

CEAT is in the midst of a substantial capacity expansion across multiple facilities. The company spent INR 1.85 billion on capital expenditure during the quarter, bringing the first-half total to INR 4.15 billion. Management expects full-year capex of around INR 10 billion, excluding CAMSO acquisition costs.

The investment breakdown reveals strategic priorities: INR 1 billion was allocated to research and development, information technology, plant maintenance and moulds. Another INR 0.50 billion is being used to expand truck-bus radial tyre capacity towards 2,000 units, an ongoing multi-year project.

The Ambernath plant expansion absorbed INR 0.70 billion, while the Chennai factory received the largest share at INR 1.60 billion for passenger car downstream operations and motorcycle scooter production. Debottlenecking initiatives across facilities accounted for INR 0.40 billion.

“Expansion projects are progressing as per plan,” Banerjee said, adding that overall capacity utilisation stands at 80-85 per cent currently.

Additional investments are planned for Sri Lanka to install upstream equipment at the CAMSO facility, enabling the company to stop purchasing semi-finished goods from Michelin and control the entire manufacturing process.

Tariff Turbulence

The company faces mounting pressure in the US market, where 50 percent tariffs on off-highway tyres have nearly halted exports. CEAT’s sales of off-highway tyres to America slowed to “practically zero” by quarter-end, though passenger car and truck-bus radial exports continued.

For passenger and truck-bus radials, the 25 per cent tariff applies uniformly across countries, leaving India at no disadvantage. CEAT is partially absorbing the impact while gradually passing costs to customers over the next two to four quarters.

The CAMSO operation in Sri Lanka faces a 20 per cent duty on US exports, with roughly half of that tariff currently being absorbed. “We expect CAMSO also to pass on the full impact of tariffs in maybe two to three quarters,” Banerjee said.

Despite the low base, CEAT’s management remains sanguine. “Our stake in the US market is still very low, so the overall impact on our growth and profitability was not very material,” Banerjee noted.

Domestic Boost from GST Cut

A positive development came late in the quarter when the Indian government cut goods and services tax (GST) on tyres from 28 to 18 percent, and on farm tyres from 18 to 5 percent, effective 22 September. The move is expected to boost demand in semi-urban and rural markets.

“There is significant benefit to customers,” Banerjee said. “The 10 percent duty cut works out to around 7-8 per cent on the selling price. For a truck tyre, it could be INR 1,500 per tyre, which is significant.”

CEAT passed the entire benefit to its channel partners and advised them to do likewise for end customers. The company isn’t contemplating any price increases, given softening raw material costs.

The GST announcement created a temporary dip in September, as buyers deferred purchases and trade down-stocked in anticipation. The replacement market, which had been growing at nearly double-digit rates, contracted during the month. However, momentum is expected to return strongly.

Segment Performance

Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) sales were the star performer, surging in the mid-20s as CEAT secured fitments on cars with larger rim sizes. International business grew in the high teens, while replacement business managed mid-single-digit growth despite September’s dip.

Two-wheeler tyres saw robust demand driven by rural markets, while the passenger car segment grew in mid-single digits. Farm tyre growth in the OEM segment reached the mid-teens.

International markets delivered particularly strong results, with mid-teens growth across key clusters in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Europe, CEAT’s most profitable export market, saw strong traction in passenger car tyres. Brazil recorded good growth in two-wheeler tyres. Passenger and truck-bus radials now account for 65 per cent of exports, with CEAT claiming to be India’s leading passenger car tyre exporter.

Electric Vehicle Push

CEAT has established strong positions in India’s growing electric vehicle segment, holding a 30 percent share in the OEM passenger car and utility vehicle EV market and a 20 per cent share in the two-wheeler EV market.

“We continue to focus on product development for emerging vehicle sizes, and we have good respect and credibility amongst OEMs to get fitted on upcoming new models,” Banerjee said.

The company launched two innovations during the quarter: SecuraDrive CIRCL, a concept tyre made from 90 per cent sustainable bio-based materials, and RockRad, a premium mining tyre showing early promise.

On the digital front, CEAT became one of the first companies to deploy an agentic chatbot on its website, currently in beta, to personalise customer journeys. The company’s website traffic exceeded 1 million, with organic traffic up 19 per cent year-on-year. Leads for premium SUV users exceeded 30 per cent, while positive brand sentiment jumped 28 per cent in average interaction per post year-on-year.

Raw Material Relief

Raw material costs provided relief, declining 5 per cent quarter-on-quarter. International natural rubber prices held steady at USD 1,700-1,750 per tonne, while domestic prices softened towards import parity by quarter-end, dropping just over INR 10 per kilogram.

Crude oil hovered around USD 65 per barrel, at the lower end of its recent range, amid weak Chinese demand and ample supply.

“Taking into consideration current base prices and the impact of rupee depreciation in the last eight weeks, we expect raw material prices to remain at current levels in Q3,” Subbiah said.

Outlook

Looking ahead, management expects to maintain double-digit growth momentum while keeping margins steady. The third quarter typically sees revenue flatten or dip slightly due to the festival season and the onset of winter, which affects northern and eastern markets.

Replacement demand for medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicle tyres should track GDP growth at mid-single digits, while two-wheelers should be around 7-8 per cent. At the same time, passenger cars remain soft, in the zero-to-low single digits.

“The GST change will be a positive factor for industry, especially in small towns and rural markets,” Banerjee said. “We also think we’ll arrive at some clarity on the US tariff situation sometime during Q3 or Q4.”

Finnish industrial automation company Cimcorp is set to release a feature-length documentary this autumn chronicling its five-decade history and examining the sector’s future trajectory.

The film, entitled “The Future of Automation”, traces the company’s evolution from its origins within the Rosenlew Corporation in the 1970s to its current position as a specialist in automotive, tyre and grocery retail automation technologies.

“To foresee and prepare for the future, we must understand the past. It is through reflecting on our journey that we find the tools to shape tomorrow. This documentary is a tribute not only to the innovation and perseverance of Cimcorp but to the evolution of automation itself,” said Veli-Matti Hakala, Chief Executive of Cimcorp.

The documentary features contributions from current and former employees, as well as external industry figures, including Mirka Leino, principal lecturer at the RoboAI Research Centre at SAMK Pori, who discusses developments in robotics and machine vision systems.

Erik Rosenlew, son of Gustav Rosenlew, who established Cimcorp whilst serving as chief executive of Oy Rosenlew Ab from 1969, provides commentary on his father’s contribution to the automation sector.

The film covers notable milestones, including the development of cathode-ray-tube automation in the 1980s and the company’s Dream Factory concept for the tyre industry. It also examines Cimcorp’s expansion into lithium-ion battery automation and sustainable intralogistics solutions, as well as its integration into Murata Machinery.

The documentary incorporates archival material and addresses emerging technologies anticipated to influence the next 50 years of industrial automation, including artificial intelligence applications and sustainable manufacturing practices.

Cimcorp, now part of Japanese parent company Murata Machinery, serves clients across multiple industrial sectors globally.

Chinese manufacturer to showcase OTR products at the world’s largest farm machinery fair

Chinese tyre manufacturer Linglong Tire will make its debut at Agritechnica with a dedicated stand next month, marking the company’s first direct presence at the world’s premier agricultural machinery exhibition.

The Zhaoyuan-based company will occupy nearly 150 square metres in hall five at the trade fair, which runs from 9-15 November in Hanover, focusing predominantly on off-the-road products for the agricultural sector whilst also displaying tyres for commercial vehicles and passenger cars.

Central to Linglong’s exhibition is the new Spring Ultra Flex model in size VF 900/60 R32, a combine harvester tyre featuring what the company describes as a low-profile, stable tread pattern designed to distribute heavy loads evenly across the contact patch. The manufacturer claims the tyre offers 40 per cent higher load capacity than standard sizes, complemented by flexible sidewalls intended to improve ride comfort.

The display will also feature the company’s FL300, LR400, LR650 and LR7000 product profiles, catering to various agricultural applications.

Beyond product presentation, Linglong has emphasised the networking dimension of its trade fair participation. The company’s German and international sales teams will be available throughout the event for customer discussions, operating from both the main stand and a separate hospitality area branded the “Linglong Lounge”.

As part of visitor engagement activities, Linglong plans to conduct a prize draw offering a signed Chelsea FC jersey, the current FIFA Club World Cup holders. Linglong Tire has sponsored the London football club since last season.

Agritechnica represents a significant platform for agricultural machinery suppliers, with approximately 2,700 exhibitors from 52 countries occupying some 39 hectares of exhibition space. The biennial event serves as both a showcase for new technology and a forum for addressing future challenges in crop production, drawing decision-makers from across the global agricultural industry.

Radar Tires has named Anthony Paparone as its new Associate Vice President of Strategy and Analytics. Bringing over two decades of tyre industry expertise, Paparone offers a comprehensive background in strategic leadership and operational management.

His career includes significant leadership experience across various sectors, including sales strategy, pricing, dealer training and retail operations. He is recognised for his data-centric approach, consistently employing analytics, automation and process improvements to create innovative solutions that boost business efficiency and foster growth. In his new role, his primary objective will be to strengthen Radar's data infrastructure and utilise advanced analytics to refine the company's strategic initiatives and enhance its competitive standing throughout the United States.

Rob Montasser, Vice President – Sales, Radar Tires, USA, said “We’re thrilled to have someone of Anthony’s experience and knowledge join our team. His passion for leveraging data to drive smarter, faster decisions aligns perfectly with our strategic goals. Anthony’s leadership will be instrumental as we continue to scale and strengthen the Radar brand.”

Paparone said, “I’m incredibly excited to join the Radar Tires team. There’s tremendous opportunity to take our data game to the next level and turn insights into action. I look forward to working with the team to build scalable, data-driven systems that support growth and deliver real value for our partners and customers.”