Despite two decades of reform, Europe’s tyre recycling ecosystem remains mired in regulatory inertia and market fragmentation. While the EU successfully curbed tyre landfilling in the early 2000s and achieved high collection rates, true circularity remains elusive. Over half of collected tyres are still incinerated rather than recycled into new products. The lack of mandatory recycled content targets, harmonised end-of-waste criteria and coherent eco-design regulations continue to stall progress. As environmental stakes rise and end-markets like artificial turf face bans, EuRIC’s latest manifesto lays bare the urgent need for systemic reform, spotlighting persistent policy voids, legal ambiguities and missed opportunities across the value chain.

Europe’s tyre recycling challenges have been building for over two decades. Back in 1999, the European Union banned tyre landfilling under Directive 1999/31/EC. This forced a major shift, and by 2003, landfilling tyres was officially prohibited. At that point, Europe still struggled to manage the sheer volume of end-of-life tyres (ELTs), often resorting to incineration or exporting them for disposal elsewhere.

Since then, collection rates improved dramatically, from around 25 percent in the mid-1990s to nearly 95 percent by 2010, but recycling quality remained substandard. Although most ELTs were collected, half were used for energy recovery, not material recycling. True circular solutions like reusing rubber in new tyres have lagged due to technological and regulatory hurdles

Complex EU regulations, limited mandates on recycled content and ecological concerns slow innovation. Over the past few years, initiatives like Life Green Vulcan, BlackCycle and policy push from the European Recycling Industries’ Confederation (EuRIC) show growing momentum, but real impact is yet to be seen.

EuRIC has been constantly advocating reforms that would change the course of the continent’s tyre recycling space with its recent manifesto delving into the immediate steps that ought to be undertaken to strengthen the tyre recycling industry.

EuRIC, through its Mechanical Tyres Recycling Branch (MTR), outlined a comprehensive vision for strengthening Europe’s tyre recycling sector. With over five million tonnes of tyres produced annually in the EU and around three million tonnes becoming ELTs, only about half are recycled – the rest are incinerated. EuRIC underscores the environmental advantages of mechanical tyre recycling and advocates for prioritising it over energy recovery to align with circular economy goals.

Speaking to Tyre Trends on the biggest obstacles to implementing mandatory recycled rubber content targets in new tyres and how industry collaboration can help overcome them, EuRIC’s Technical Advisor for tyres, Gabriel Gomez, mentioned, “Currently, the main regulatory challenge is the lack of a mandate from the authorities to define how and when the mandatory recycled content targets are to be implemented. We have received good feedback from the manufacturers in Europe regarding their willingness to include these targets. However, there is a need for a solidly defined regulatory framework that guarantees a level playing field in the tyre value chain and promotes innovation in this area.”

“The main risk of failing to implement harmonised end-of-waste criteria lies in the growing, practical need for a defined set of criteria to determine end-of-waste status. If the EU delays further in the creation of harmonised end-of-waste criteria, this will push member states to create their own national criteria, which could vary significantly and prove incompatible. This fragmentation would lead to market disruption, create confusion across the value chain and introduce legal uncertainty – all of which would ultimately weaken the European recycling industry and its competitiveness,” he added.

He noted that EuRIC strongly supports a complete ban on the export of tyres and tyre shreds for incineration or landfilling. These practices represent a misuse of valuable resources that should be reintegrated into the economy and clearly contradict the waste hierarchy in the European Waste Framework Directive.

“EuRIC, representing Europe’s tyre recyclers would welcome swift implementation of such a ban, especially since existing tools such as the Waste Shipment Regulation are already being used to prevent exports to operators and facilities that do not ensure environmentally sound treatment of these materials,” noted Gomez.

THE MANIFESTO

The recently published manifesto by EuRIC proposes five key policy actions to address systemic barriers and unlock the potential of tyre recycling. First, it calls for mandatory recycled content targets – 10 percent for new tyres and 20 percent for automotive parts – to stimulate demand and reduce reliance on virgin rubber. Public procurement and financial incentives like VAT reductions are also suggested to support this demand shift. Currently, artificial turf accounts for a major share of ELT-derived rubber, but impending bans on micro-plastics threaten this end-market, making policy support more critical.

Second, EuRIC demands a ban on the export of unprocessed and shredded waste tyres outside the EU. ELTs are often exported to regions with weak environmental controls, where they are landfilled or incinerated. Countries like India have become significant importers, raising environmental and regulatory concerns. To counter this, EuRIC stresses the need for strict enforcement of the EU’s Waste Shipment Regulation and advocates for EU-wide end-of-waste (EoW) criteria to facilitate trade within the EU and promote high-value recycling.

Thirdly, the manifesto emphasises the importance of eco-design in tyres, urging that tyres be made retreadable, recyclable and free from hazardous substances. Innovations like self-sealing and noise-reducing foams, while performance-enhancing, impede recycling and can even cause fires during shredding. EuRIC supports the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) and wants tyre manufacturers to bear the cost of non-recyclable designs.

Fourth, EuRIC promotes the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as a key enabler of recycling efficiency. Current data on tyres is insufficient; hence, they propose leveraging RFID technology to track chemical composition and recyclability through a centralised database. This transparency would help recyclers better handle materials and comply with chemical regulations.

Lastly, the manifesto addresses the need for a science-based chemicals policy that supports recycling rather than undermining it. The current trend towards hazard-based regulation with near-zero thresholds for certain chemicals risks sidelining recycled materials. EuRIC urges a shift towards risk-based assessments, transparent

testing methods and harmonised standards to ensure recycled materials remain viable in the EU’s green transition.

TOWARDS RECYCLABILITY

According to Gomez, mechanical tyre recycling is a recycling method for rubber that has stood the test of time. It remains the most common and best-established route for recycling tyres in Europe with the technology offering high-quality output. It also has the added value that it can serve as a reliable supplier for further processing technologies dealing with vulcanised rubber. Recycled rubber from ELTs offers significant potential for technologies that require a uniform and predictable input to maintain control over industrial processes.

Nonetheless, over three years after rubber from ELTs was prioritised, no regulation has materialised yet. Commenting on what lead to the stalling, Gomez noted, “The past year has brought major changes at EU level with the start of a new Commission mandate, which may explain the shift in priorities. However, at EuRIC we are working closely with manufactures and policymakers to keep the issue high on the agenda. We see harmonised EoW criteria as a key opportunity to align the interests of recyclers and manufacturers. Harmonised EoW criteria would bring significant benefits for the entire value chain, from boosting investment and legal certainty to increasing the uptake of recycled materials.”

Alluding to whether the current EU chemicals legislation, especially restrictions on substances like PAHs, appropriately balances environmental protection with the needs of a circular economy or does it unintentionally favour virgin materials, he stated, “It is not a matter of favouring virgin materials. The main issue is that the current legislation is not designed to consider that the materials in an article may have more than one life. Whenever the legislation targets the content of a substance in a recycled material, sometimes it fails to consider the real exposure to the substance based on the application and the nature of the material.”

Digital Product Passport is another vital tool for the entire industry’s circularity goals. While it is still in its early stages, EuRIC notes that there are projects that target the implementation of the DPP in tyres and it is optimistic about the possibilities this tool offers to the industry. Amongst the information that the DPP should make available for recyclers is the contents of substances of concern and hazardous substances as well as any substances or features that would hinder the recycling of the tyres. With this information in hand, the recyclers will be able to sort the tyres in a manner that allows for safer recycled products and more efficient processing.

PERSISTENT HURDLES

According to Gomez, illegal or poorly regulated exports of tyres create serious problems both economically and environmentally. They drain valuable raw materials from the EU and risk harming the environment and public health in importing countries if ELTs are not treated in an environmentally sound manner.

Furthermore, the loss goes beyond the economic aspect when it comes to the materials used on tyres. Incinerating ELTs destroys a valuable resource like rubber and locks us into a linear economy model that’s no longer fit for purpose. Recycling, on the other hand, and overall circularity of tyres, keeps materials in the loop, boosts resilience and contributes to EU sustainability and competitiveness.

A strong starting point to combat illegal exports would be the rigorous enforcement of the Waste Shipment Regulation, specifically targeting ELT exports. If recyclers can count on a steady, reliable supply of materials, they will invest. Increased availability of material and supply security are essential to encourage investments in recycling.

“An important take-away of the policy related to tyre recycling is that tyres should be treated as strategic resources, not just waste. Tyres are essential to every economy activity and inevitably reach its end-of-life stage. This makes it critical to regulate the full lifecycle, from design to disposal, with circularity in mind. Aligning on principles, like prioritising recycling over landfilling or incineration, would already be a big step forward globally,” averred Gomez.

Commenting whether Europe’s mechanical recycling infrastructure is equipped to handle a sharp increase in ELTs if exports are banned, he mentioned, “The mechanical tyre recyclers in Europe are determined to meet the challenge and tackle the increase in ELTs if an export ban is implemented. However, unlocking further capacity and investments in future development projects depend on regulatory certainty. That means a guaranteed level playing field through harmonised EoW criteria, recycled content targets and eco-design for improved recyclability. With the right framework and tools, uncertainty can be removed and investments will follow.”

While the mandatory recycled content requirements are essential to boost recycling, complementary short-term financial incentives, whether market-based or fiscal, are equally necessary to close the price gap between primary and recycled materials. Fiscal incentives, such as reduced VAT rates for recycled materials and products made from recycled materials, can play a major role in encouraging uptake. Green public procurement also holds substantial potential to stimulate demand for more sustainable and circular products.

Recycled materials from ELTs have real potential in the EV supply chain. Interest is growing, and EuRIC is confident that recycled rubber can be a reliable, high-quality material to support the shift to greener mobility.

Gomez noted that there are many encouraging examples of manufacturers incorporating recycled and sustainable materials into tyre design. A great advantage that recycled materials from ELTs offer is the availability of high-quality recycled raw materials that reliably allow manufacturers to experiment and innovate as they know that the recycling industry is capable and ready to deliver.

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Kuraray Co., Ltd. marked its 100th anniversary on 24 June 2026, with a commemorative ceremony at the Tokyo International Forum. The company live-streamed the event to its domestic and overseas locations, enabling employees worldwide to join the celebration simultaneously and strengthening the Group's collective spirit.

The speciality chemical company expressed deep appreciation to its stakeholders and predecessors for their enduring support throughout the century. Leaders also reaffirmed the organisation's determination to pursue new challenges collaboratively as it embarks on its next hundred years.

Hitoshi Kawahara, President, Kuraray Co., Ltd.

President Hitoshi Kawahara called for uniting values across diverse countries, regions, languages and cultures during this pivotal moment. He advocated for realising ‘One Kuraray’ by actively connecting people, technologies and knowledge beyond conventional organisational and business boundaries to co-create fresh value.

Kuraray originated in 1926 in Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, with the commercial production of synthetic rayon. Over the past century, the company built its reputation on distinctive technologies, including PVA fiber, PVOH resin, CLARINO man-made leather and EVAL EVOH resin, guided by its mission to achieve what no other company can for people and the planet. Today, Kuraray operates across 32 countries and regions. The company now views its centennial as a launching point for tackling social challenges through innovation and for unlocking new possibilities in the years ahead.

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Cabot Corporation has once again achieved the top-tier platinum designation from EcoVadis, maintaining this elite status for six consecutive years. This accomplishment secures the company’s place among the global elite, as only one percent of all businesses scrutinised by the rating agency receive this highest mark. The outcome reflects the firm's sustained emphasis on driving tangible environmental and social advancements while upholding rigorous disclosure standards across its operational network.

The assessment framework employed by EcoVadis examines more than 150,000 entities worldwide, spanning numerous sectors and geographies, with evaluations rooted in established sustainability benchmarks. Cabot registered its most significant annual performance jump this cycle, with a five-point increase in its cumulative score, driven largely by enhanced results in the ethical conduct segment. Additionally, the company retained its exceptional standing in both environmental stewardship and workforce rights, securing the maximum possible recognition in those two critical areas.

With EcoVadis consistently tightening its evaluation parameters to mirror emerging global norms, Cabot has responded by intensifying its own internal sustainability measures. The organisation has concentrated on elevating operational effectiveness and data visibility, ensuring its practices remain responsive to the increasingly stringent expectations of stakeholders and rating bodies alike.

Underpinning this trajectory is a deeply ingrained organisational culture focused on iterative refinement and long-term value creation. By persistently elevating its sustainability agenda, Cabot reinforces its reputation as a proactive industry participant, dedicated to aligning corporate performance with broader societal and environmental objectives.

Jennifer Chittick, Senior Vice President, Safety, Health and Environment (SH&E) and Government Affairs; Chief Sustainability Officer, said, “We are encouraged by this year’s EcoVadis results, which reflect meaningful progress across our sustainability programme and our largest year-over-year score increase to date. These results demonstrate how greater transparency, stronger cross-functional collaboration and disciplined execution are helping us strengthen how we operate while advancing progress toward our 2030 sustainability goals.”

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Nokian Tyres has secured a position among TIME Magazine’s World’s Most Sustainable Companies for 2026, claiming the 100th spot on a prestigious roster of 750 global enterprises. The annual compilation, produced in partnership with the research firm Statista, recognises organisations demonstrating exceptional environmental and social performance after a comprehensive evaluation of thousands of candidates worldwide.

The selection process weighed verified sustainability credentials, including active participation in the UN Global Compact and Science Based Targets initiative-approved emission reduction goals. Assessment also incorporated third-party ratings from entities like CDP and MSCI, alongside rigorous scrutiny of each company’s transparent operations, ethical governance and overall commitment to environmental stewardship and social responsibility, ultimately distinguishing Nokian Tyres for its holistic approach to corporate accountability.

Paolo Pompei, President and CEO, Nokian Tyres, said, “This is a great acknowledgment of our long-term sustainability work and motivates us to keep improving. We want to enable drivers to make more sustainable tyre choices without compromising on performance. Renewable and recycled materials and lower rolling resistance help cut tyre lifecycle emissions, while rigorously tested tyres improve grip and safety, especially in demanding weather conditions. Proactive sustainability measures also benefit our customers: responsible sourcing reduces risks, and innovative, high-performing tyres with lower environmental footprint make it possible for our customers to offer higher-value solutions to their own clients.”

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Beratex, part of the Bernauer Group alongside Texpak, is positioning itself as a specialist partner to global tyre manufacturers at a time when efficiency demands, sustainability pressures and the technical requirements of electric mobility are reshaping the industry. In a sector often described as mature, the company argues that meaningful gains are still being unlocked – not through disruption but through materials innovation and process optimisation that deliver measurable improvements on the factory floor.

“Beratex and Texpak are both part of the Bernauer Group, which positions itself as a system supplier of specialised auxiliary and raw materials for the tyre and rubber industries. Beratex & Texpak sees itself as a trusted specialist partner to the global tyre industry, with a strong focus on high-performance product solutions. Our products help tyre manufacturers maintain stable, efficient and high-quality production processes across both PCR and TBR applications,” says Hanspeter Bernauer, Owner and CEO. “At the same time, building on our experience since 1972, we continue to expand our footprint in the tyre and rubber sector with complementary products such as low-melting EVA materials for mixing process and embossed PE films for single-use applications, which we distribute through our subsidiary Texpak.”

A key differentiator for Beratex is its vertically integrated production model, spanning from HDPE film supplied by its subsidiary Kunststoffwerk Lahr to in-house yarn production, weaving, heat-setting, hot-calandering, finishing and confectioning, allowing the company to manage the full value chain internally. In addition, its own hydropower generation plays an important role in ensuring supply reliability, efficiency and sustainability.

INCREMENTAL INNOVATION IN A MATURE INDUSTRY

Despite tyre manufacturing’s maturity, Bernauer sees ample scope for innovation – though largely incremental. “Even in a mature industry like tyre manufacturing, there is still considerable room for innovation. In our view, some of the most meaningful progress comes from better materials, more efficient processes and solutions that help customers reduce waste without compromising performance,” he says.

“Innovation does not always have to be disruptive. In many cases, the biggest improvements come from practical developments that make production more stable, cleaner and easier to automate. That is exactly where close cooperation between suppliers and manufacturers can create real value,” he adds.

FACTORY-FLOOR IMPACT AND CONSISTENCY

The operational impact of Bernauer Group’s solutions is most visible in production environments. Liner materials are engineered to stabilise the handling of uncured rubber and reduce variability.

“The most tangible benefits are seen directly on the production floor. Our liner solutions help improve handling reliability, reduce contamination risks and support a smoother, more consistent manufacturing process. As a result, customers benefit from fewer interruptions, lower material waste and more stable output,” Bernauer says.

Texpak’s EVA low-melting bags and films complement this by offering consistent processing behaviour, a defined melting point, consistent thickness, a reliable quality standard and integration into mixing processes.

“For tyre manufacturers, that means better process efficiency, improved product quality and more effective use of materials. In high-volume production, even small improvements in these areas can have a significant operational impact,” Bernauer says.

Consistency remains central to the value proposition. Bernauer notes that Beratex liners are designed to bring consistency and process reliability to high-volume tyre production, with PE and textile liners offering uniform gauges, controlled surface properties and reliable release performance, enabling uncured rubber components to be handled without deformation, contamination or unnecessary variability.

By reducing sticking, tearing and uneven release, these solutions support stable cycle times, smoother automation and lower rejection rates. “Another important advantage is the durability of our liners. Their long service life helps maintain stable conditions over extended production runs, reduces replacement frequency and contributes to overall efficiency on the factory floor,” he adds.

PRODUCTIVITY AND TOTAL VALUE

The company links these performance improvements directly to productivity metrics. “Our solutions can have a very direct impact on factory-floor productivity. When liners perform reliably, manufacturers experience fewer stoppages due to sticking, tearing, misfeeds or contamination. That helps keep line speeds stable and supports better throughput,” Bernauer says.

He explains that by adapting liner solutions to the specific requirements of a process, the company helps customers improve handling, reduce waste  and strengthen production control, contributing, in practice, to better overall equipment effectiveness and a more predictable manufacturing environment.

This underpins a broader emphasis on total value rather than initial price, reflecting the economics of high-volume manufacturing.

EVOLVING EXPECTATIONS: COST, PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

Supplier expectations have shifted materially over the past decade. “Customer expectations have changed significantly over the last 10 years. In the past, the focus was often on price and basic functionality. Today, tyre manufacturers expect much more: reliable performance, process consistency, compatibility with automation and clear added value,” Bernauer says.

Sustainability is now central, with Bernauer noting that customers increasingly look for solutions that support material reduction, recyclability and a lower environmental impact while also expecting closer technical cooperation and more customised support – factors that have made supplier relationships significantly more strategic than before.

“Today, it is clearly a combination of all three,” he says, referring to cost, performance and sustainability. “Cost pressure remains important, but manufacturers also understand that performance and process reliability directly affect efficiency, quality and total production cost. The most attractive solutions are therefore the ones that combine cost efficiency, performance and sustainability rather than treating them as trade-offs.”

REGIONAL SHIFTS AND GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS

The tyre industry’s geographic footprint continues to evolve. “Yes, we are seeing clear regional shifts in both demand and manufacturing. Capacity continues to move towards Asia and other cost-competitive regions, driven by local market growth, export opportunities and broader supply chain diversification,” Bernauer says.

At the same time, new regions are emerging. “We are also seeing increasing activity in regions that previously played a smaller role in the global landscape, including parts of Africa,” adds Bernauer.

This creates a dual requirement for suppliers: global consistency and local flexibility.

SUSTAINABILITY IN SOURCING AND PRODUCTION

Sustainability considerations are reshaping procurement decisions, with Bernauer noting that the biggest change is that sourcing decisions are no longer driven by price alone, as tyre manufacturers increasingly assess recyclability, material efficiency, carbon footprint and the overall environmental profile of their suppliers. There is also a growing focus on reducing waste through downgauging and the use of reusable materials.

“Beratex is very well positioned in this respect. We generate 100 percent of our electricity from renewable sources through our own hydropower plants, and we can fully recycle all our production waste and reprocess it into new products,” he says.

EV-DRIVEN REQUIREMENTS

Electric vehicles are tightening manufacturing tolerances. According to Bernauer, the rise of electric vehicles is raising the bar for tyre manufacturers, with EV tyres typically requiring tighter dimensional precision, higher load-bearing performance and very consistent production conditions.

“For us, that means developing liner solutions with even greater surface consistency, controlled release behaviour and clean processing performance,” he says.

DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH DURABILITY

Durability and long-term performance are central to the company’s positioning. “What sets Beratex apart is that we combine proven product performance with a strong understanding of manufacturing realities. Our liner solutions are designed to deliver consistent quality, reliable release performance and exceptional durability, with customer references showing Beratex liners in use for over 15 years when properly handled,” Bernauer says.

Bernauer notes that with more than 135 million square metres of liner solutions supplied, the company’s track record demonstrates both long-term product performance and customer trust, adding that the focus remains on total value rather than just initial price.

REDUCING DEFECTS AND WASTE

At a functional level, the materials are designed to minimise defects. Bernauer explains that, in simple terms, the company’s materials help tyre manufacturers handle uncured rubber components cleanly and consistently. When release performance is stable and the liner behaves predictably, there is less risk of sticking, tearing or surface damage.

“Texpak EVA materials help reduce defects and waste in tyre production by offering consistent melting behaviour, uniform thickness and reliable quality,” Bernauer adds.

CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK

The operating environment remains pressured. “One of the main challenges is the overall cost pressure in a highly competitive market,” Bernauer says, citing raw material volatility and supply chain disruptions. “Another challenge is meeting rising sustainability expectations while still delivering the functional performance customers require,” he adds.

Looking ahead, he identifies two key opportunity areas. “The first is advanced and more sustainable material solutions,” he says, pointing to the demand for recyclable and environmentally responsible products.

“The second is the ongoing shift towards higher-performance tyres, including EV-related applications, which require greater precision, cleanliness and process stability,” he adds.

For Bernauer Group, the approach remains consistent: deepen process integration, refine materials and deliver incremental improvements that scale across global tyre manufacturing.

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