Ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM), or a terpolymer with a diene (EPDM), is a type of synthetic rubber, which is characterised by a wide range of applications. The ‘E’ letter refers to ethylene, ‘P’ to propylene and ‘D’ to diene and ‘M’ refers to a kind of monomer with respect to its classification in ASTM standard D-1418. The M class includes rubbers having a saturated chain of the polymethylene type.

EPDM rubber, therefore, is a terpolymer of ethylene,propylene and a diene-component and the Dienes currently used in the manufacture of EPDM rubbers are dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), ethylidene norbornene (ENB) and vinyl norbornene (VNB). Hexadiene (HD) is rarely being used in making EPDM these days.

The ethylene and propylene monomers combine to form a chemically saturated, stable polymer backbone providing excellent heat, oxidation, ozone and weather aging. A third, nonconjugated diene monomer is terpolymerized in a controlled manner to maintain a saturated backbone and place the reactive unsaturation in a side chain available for vulcanization or polymer modification chemistry.

The two most widely used diene termonomers are primarily ethylidene norbornene (ENB) followed by dicyclopentadiene (DCPD).Each diene incorporates with a different tendency for introducing long chain branching or polymer side chains that influence processing and rates of vulcanization by sulfur or peroxide cures. Generally, ENB type is better heat resistant than DCPD type. Peroxide cure EPDM, boosted with coagents provide better heat resistant than sulphur/accelerator cured EPDM.

This polymer is the most water resistant rubber available, and this resistance is maintained to high temperatures (up to 180°C in steam with peroxide cured compound). The highest temperature resistance is achieved by using peroxide cured grades. It is thus used extensively under water cables (sea water as well). Before EPDM, Chloprene rubber (CR) was extensively used wherever weather resistance properties were important. Upon discovery of EPDM in 1963 , it quickly took over existing weather resistant market of Chloroprene rubber (CR).

Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) is one of the most widely used and highly-developing synthetic rubbers. EPDM business will reach US 6.9 b $ by end 1Q,2020. Currently, their total capacity is about 1.65m ton/ Yr. and it takes the third place in the world synthetic rubber consumption after styrene-butadiene and butadiene rubber. As of August 2019, there are 15 big companies in the world that produce EPDM.

In order to present a competitive landscape of the global EPDM market, key market players are witnessed as LANXESS AG (Germany), ExxonMobil Chemical (U.S.), Dow Elastomer (U.S.), Mitsui Chemical (Japan), Kumho Polychem (South Korea), Lion Copolymer (U.S.), Versalis (Italy), JSR Corporation (Japan), Jilin Chemical (China), SK Global Chemical (Japan), Nizhnekamsk Neftekhim Inc (Russia), and Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd (Japan) have been profiled. With a huge number of EPDM manufacturers worldwide and with a number of different grades by each of these manufacturers, EPDM is one of the versatile elastomer in India now . EPDM has different grades in the industry based on :

• Mooney viscosity
• Type of diene content
• Percentage mole of diene content and
• Ethylene propylene ratio
• Bimodal Type

With current increase in EPDM uses , India now badly need EPDM manufacturing plant to protect its foreign currency. Another important application India need is compulsory application of EPDM based Roofing in rainy states to protect against damage of multistory buildings (Mumbai). EPDM has been used as a covering to waterproof roofing in western countries, Japan, China, Taiwan and countries in South East Asia. Major applications of EPDM are :

• Other than automobile glass-run channels, EPDM is also used in radiators, garden and appliance hose, tubing, pond liners, washers, belts, electrical insulation, vibrators, O-rings, solar panel heat collectors and speaker cone surrounds.
• It is also used as a medium for water resistance in electrical cable-jointing, geomembranes, rubber mechanical goods, plastic impact modification, thermoplastic etc.
• EPDM is used as blends in Butyl rubber for Inner-tube application.
• EPDM is used in PC side wall , black or white. Extensively used in color BC tyres for children.
• EPDM roofing is very popular in developed countries.
• With EPDM Roofing membranes rainwater harvesting is also very popular. EPDM roofing does not pollute the run-off rainwater.

Rubber roofing has the benefit that it does not pollute the runoff rain water. Water could be used for personal sanitation / gardenining / hygiene. White oil may be the best processing oil. They are manufactured in the form of calendared sheet and covered with a plastic such that its application on floor is easy upon removal of plastic and then they are applied in roof floor. EPDM rubber sheet can be installed either fully adhered, mechanically attached or ballasted, with the seams of the roofing system sealed with liquid adhesives or specially formulated tape. EPDM Waterproof Roofing system has delivered more than six decades of commercial roofing success by building upon a heritage of innovation in rubber polymer technology.

Dr Samir Majumdar, Rubber Consultant (India & Asia pacific), has served in leading tyre companies like JK Tyre, Kyoto Japan Tire, among others. He was technical and R&D head (Asia Pacific) in ExxonMobil. He has authored several research papers and technical books. smajumdar501234@yahoo.co.in

The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) has released its Monthly NR Statistical Report for February 2025.

A statement from the organisation says that although NR (natural rubber) prices fluctuated significantly this month, they were nevertheless on the rise as compared to the prior month. The market's upward trend may be attributed to a number of important variables, including the US tariff policies, the EUDR's deferral and the robust demand from the tyre sector.

The report further highlights that China saw a spike in demand after the holidays, which was fuelled by an increase in downstream tyre manufacturing. According to recent reports from ANRPC member nations (AMC), changes in India's 2024 production estimates are expected to contribute to a marginal 0.4 percent rise in worldwide NR output in 2025 over 2024. Furthermore, the 2025 demand prediction indicates a modest increase of 1.7 percent.

GRP Limited has commenced commercial crumb rubber production at its new manufacturing unit in Solapur, Maharashtra.

The company invested approximately INR 250 million in the new facility, with funding sourced from borrowings ( INR 180 million ) and internal accruals ( INR 70 million ). The new unit has an annual production capacity of 31,875 metric tonnes of crumb rubber.

According to the filing to the BSE, the new manufacturing facility is strategically positioned to meet growing demand across various sectors, including reclaim rubber, tyre pyrolysis, tyre manufacturing, road surfacing and rubber goods production.

Located in the MIDC Industrial Area in Chincholi, Solapur, the unit began commercial production on  24 March  2025. The facility represents a significant expansion for GRP Limited, with the company noting that it is a new manufacturing location with no existing production capacity.

Covestro, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of high-quality polymer materials and their components, has announced that it will open an automated laboratory for optimising coating and adhesive formulations to provide better support to its customers.

Formulations for coatings and adhesives including Covestro binders and crosslinkers will be tested in the new facility. Properties like hardness, adhesion, opacity, gloss or durability are guaranteed by their astute selection. The qualities of the finished product are determined by the mix of these formulas, which usually include seven to 15 components. Standard formulas are typically employed due to the large number of conceivable combinations that arise. The computer-aided design of test series and automation have also made it possible for the new laboratory to conduct longer test series.

The new facility can operate 24/7 with a goal to conduct tens of thousands of tests annually. In terms of quantity, diversity, accuracy and testing speed, this establishes a new benchmark. A significant quantity of structured data is produced by the automated laboratory. As a result, the body of information regarding formulation options and contributing factors will expand quickly. To further enhance formulations, the gathered data is assessed using specialised machine learning algorithms in conjunction with measurement data from previous experiments. In order to create a self-learning system, artificial intelligence is also employed to forecast future experiments based on property goals and concurrently validate them in the automated laboratory.

Apart from creating 1K and 2K systems based on water and solvent, the automated laboratory also conducts a variety of material tests on the applied films, formulations and raw materials. To replicate product use under application settings, application can even be conducted in a lab setting with varying climates. The quick transfer of created samples to more specialised testing labs is another benefit of Covestro's ongoing laboratory digitisation. This facilitates the addition of market-specific test findings to the datasets and speeds up the identification of pertinent relationships.

Thomas Büsgen, head of the laboratory, said, "With our automated laboratory, we can work together with our customers on the future of coatings and adhesives. Because it operates almost completely autonomously and learns from our existing knowledge and data lake as well as newly generated data, it makes the process of optimising and developing formulations many times more efficient and precise. This allows us to optimise existing formulations faster or even develop completely new formulations for and together with our customers. We can say: we are reaching a new level of modern research.”

Martin Merkens, Head of Sales & Market Development EMLA in Covestro's Coatings and Adhesives business entity, said, "Our new automated laboratory gives us more possibilities for testing formulations. It relieves our specialised laboratories of their standard tasks and can analyse samples more systematically. This allows us to focus our expertise and experience even more on customer-specific topics or try approaches we couldn't have implemented otherwise. This will particularly help us in the area of circular economy: Alternative raw materials, for example bio-based or recycled materials, can be tested faster and evaluated for their properties in the final product.”

Covestro has successfully completed the modernisation of its TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate) plant in Dormagen, Germany. The facility was formally commissioned by Covestro as it unveiled its new goal of boosting production energy efficiency during an event attended by over 60 visitors from the commercial, political and personnel sectors, including Oliver Krischer, North Rhine-Westphalia Environmental Minister.

By using 80 percent less energy than traditional methods, the modernised plant reduces CO2 emissions by 22,000 tonnes annually. This is made possible by a new reactor that is over 20 metres high and weighs more than 150 tonnes. It produces steam using the reaction energy that is created. Covestro began the modernisation process in the summer of 2023. Over 3.5 kilometres of new pipes, over 14 kilometres of cables and hundreds of new pieces of equipment, valves and monitoring devices were placed throughout the facility. Through its federal subsidy programme for energy and resource efficiency, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) has provided assistance for this modernisation.

The company targets a 20 percent reduction in CO2 emissions from energy use per tonne of product by 2030 compared to 2020, underlining energy efficiency as a key component in reaching operational climate neutrality by 2035. With a 300,000-tonne-per-year capacity, the Dormagen TDI facility stands as a shining example of how to successfully convert current manufacturing facilities to be more energy-efficient.

Dr Philip Bahke, Head of the North Rhine-Westphalia Site Network, said, "The successful completion of this project shows that climate protection and competitiveness can go hand in hand. The modernised plant sets new standards in energy efficiency and underlines our path toward climate-neutral production. In light of persistently high energy costs, the project significantly strengthens the competitiveness of TDI production in Europe. My special thanks go to the entire project team, who professionally implemented this complex modernisation during ongoing operations."

Dr Christine Mendoza-Frohn, Head of Sales Performance Materials for the EMEA and LATAM regions, said, "In Dormagen, we operate Europe's largest TDI production plant. With the successful modernisation, we can now offer our customers TDI with an even better carbon footprint. This supports our customers in achieving their own sustainability goals and strengthens our position as a reliable partner for climate-neutral and circular solutions."