For decades, China has stood as the world’s dominant supplier of raw materials across industries, making it a significant player in the global supply chain. However, Gujarat-based Lead Reclaimed Rubber, an Indian MSME, has achieved a remarkable feat by exporting reclaimed rubber crumb to Chinese manufacturers. The company capitalised on India’s abundant scrap tyre supply and favourable policies, tapping into China’s massive demand for reclaimed rubber. As Lead Reclaimed Rubber continues to expand its production capacity and export markets, the company also faces challenges such as labour shortages, supply delays and regulatory concerns. Despite these obstacles, it remains optimistic about its growth prospects.

China has been the largest supplier of raw material for every industry known to man since decades. While there are many companies in different markets trying to sell back to China, an Indian MSME has unachieved the feat of selling to the ‘seller’.

Gujarat-based end-of-life tyre (ELT) recycler Lead Reclaimed Rubber has been exporting its reclaimed rubber crumb to Chinese manufactures. Commenting on how the company achieved this feat, Chief Executive Officer Jayeshh Patel told Tyre Trends in an exclusive interview, “China is the largest importer of reclaimed rubber, sourcing the material not only from India but also from countries like Vietnam and Sri Lanka. This demand is driven by a vast domestic market for tyres and inner tubes, with numerous brands operating in the aftermarket segment as well as in OEM manufacturing. As a result, the growth potential is significant.”

“While China has its own reclaim rubber plants, it faces limitations due to inadequate scrap tyre availability. In contrast, India has an abundant supply of scrap tyres supported by both domestic generation and strong import volumes. Additionally, India’s favourable government policies and the availability of skilled labour further enhance its position as a competitive and reliable supplier of reclaimed rubber to China. Hence, our company capitalised on the situation and started exporting,” he added.

Lead Reclaim Rubber was established in 2012 and is an NSE-listed company. It operates both in domestic and export markets with plans to grow its current production capacity as the reclaimed rubber market unfolds its potential.

Moreover, Patel noted that the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework by the Indian Government is playing a crucial role for the recycling industry for reaching greater heights.

EPR IMPACT

According to Patel, EPR has emerged as a transformative force in the recycling industry. Given the industry’s dynamic nature and its drive to adopt advanced technologies, EPR presents a timely and impactful mechanism to support growth particularly for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

“While the recycling sector is evolving, recyclers often operate on thin profit margins, which limits investment in new technologies and process upgrades. EPR has helped bridge this gap. Under the scheme, we are awarded green credits for every kilogramme of end-of-life tyres we recycle. These credits are a compliance requirement for tyre manufacturers, who purchase them from registered recyclers like us. For every 100 kilogrammes of tyre recycled, we receive approximately 130 green credits, each valued at INR 2.5, resulting in a direct financial incentive. This additional income strengthens our balance sheet and can be reinvested in research and development, capacity expansion and technology upgrades. In this way, EPR indirectly fosters innovation and scaling in the recycling ecosystem,” said Patel.

To maintain accountability and transparency, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has developed a digital portal where all stakeholders must report data.

“We record our incoming feedstock (purchase data) and outgoing materials (sales invoices) on the CPCB portal. This data forms the basis for calculating green credit eligibility. Our operations are routinely audited by both government agencies and the tyre industry. These audits verify that we meet all technical and environmental standards before credits are approved. The government has also established baseline electricity usage norms for tyre recycling. We are required to submit our electricity bills to demonstrate compliance. If our energy consumption does not meet the defined threshold, we are ineligible for green credits, preventing fraudulent claims,” he Patel.

He optimistically contented that EPR is rapidly becoming the backbone of the tyre recycling industry. For over a decade, recyclers have struggled with limited access to capital. EPR is now enabling financial stability, paving the way for recyclers to professionalise operations, scale sustainably and drive forward-looking initiatives. This policy is not just a support mechanism but a growth enabler.

AN OVERVIEW

The recycling company focuses on sustainable practices and high-quality output. “Our core operation involves sourcing EOL tyres and tubes from various states across India for recycling into value-added rubber products. Our recycling process begins with a proprietary feedstock checking system to ensure quality. The tyres are then sorted, cut and processed into crumb rubber powder. Currently, we produce crumb in 30–40 mesh sizes with plans to expand into finer 80 and 120 mesh grades in the near future,” explained Patel.

For the domestic industry, crumb rubber serves a wide range of applications. Finer meshes (80 and 120) are used in various rubber and dye industries, while 30–40 mesh is commonly used in bitumen modification for road construction, in line with the Central Government’s CRMB 30 guidelines.

Furthermore, the company employs a green devulcanisation system that utilises steam, oil and pressure to break down and re-bond the rubber polymers from EOL tyres. This method is 100 percent sustainable, producing zero discharge and zero wastage. Even the steam generated during the process is condensed and reused. “We are in the process of acquiring a Z-Certificate for our zero-waste operations,” divulged Patel.

Post-devulcanisation, the rubber material becomes soft and slightly sticky due to the restructured cross-linking. It then undergoes further processing in the reclaim section, which includes refiners, mixing mills and a cleaning stage.

During cleaning, all metallic and non-rubber impurities are extracted using strainers with 60-millimetre wire mesh. The purified compound is extruded into noodle form and sent to the refiners to produce the final reclaimed rubber product, typically in seed form.

“We tailor our reclaimed rubber to meet the specific requirements of our customers including thickness, size and performance properties. Each product is made to specification. The reclaimed rubber is used across various industries including tyre and tube manufacturing, conveyor belts, packaging and other rubber-based products. As industries increasingly shift from virgin to reclaimed rubber, we position ourselves as a reliable and environmentally responsible supplier,” noted Patel.

PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY

According to Patel, virgin rubber contains about 90–100 percent RSPL, while reclaimed rubber has around 50–52 percent. It’s more affordable than virgin rubber, but the use of 100 percent reclaimed rubber in tyre manufacturing is still a distant thought.

However, it’s widely used in rubber mats. Tyre manufacturers are gradually increasing reclaimed rubber usage, encouraged by government directives to reduce dependence on natural resources and imports. Since local virgin rubber production is insufficient, it’s being imported from countries like Vietnam.

Currently, large tyre manufacturers in India use only a small percentage of reclaimed rubber, around two to three parts per hundred

rubber (PHR). For cycle and three-wheeler tyres, it goes up to 20 PHR. Conveyor belts use up to 30 percent, and in non-critical applications with almost no performance impact, reclaimed rubber can be used up to 95 percent.

The company’s plant is located in Katlal, Kheda, near Ahmedabad, and it uses Indian machinery sourced from Punjab. “We started production at 250 metric tonnes per month. After Covid, we scaled up to 490 metric tonnes and recently reached 960 metric tonnes per month. Within the next year, we plan to expand further to 2,000 metric tonnes per month,” said Patel.

He added, “We run our plant with TBR tyres both nylon and radial. We’re centrally located in Ahmedabad and as Gujarat shares borders with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and the southern states, it helps us with tyre sourcing. We collect tyres through a three-layer supply chain consisting puncture shops, rag pickers and aggregators. The aggregators sort the tyres as per our requirements.”

For nylon tyres, the company only uses the centre portion, specifically from 1020 tyres and discards the sidewalls. For radial tyres, it recycles the entire tyre. The recycling technology is the same for both, but the processing recipe differs. Radial tyres have cords in the centre, so the devulcanisation process is slightly modified to handle the added strength. Its research and development facility are located inside the plant.

Commenting on what sets the company apart from competitors, Patel explained, “Our focus on consistency and timely delivery sets us apart from competitors. We maintain a 95 percent consistency ratio. From raw material to the final product, everything is monitored and controlled by our control plant, which is also a key differentiator. We also have an in-house development department that not only ensures quality consistency but also works on improving the benefits for our customers. On top of that, we conduct awareness programmes to educate our customers on which materials are best suited for different use cases. That’s something others in the industry usually don’t do.”

MARKET SPREAD

Lead Reclaim Rubber serves both domestic and international markets. Among the industries it caters to, conveyor belts account for 30 percent of its business, tyres for 20 percent and the remainder comes from rubber products and packaging. Although the tyre and tube segments currently represent a smaller share of revenue, Patel anticipates significant growth in these areas. Over the next five years, it expects tyres and tubes to become its largest consumer segment followed by conveyor belts.

The company attributes this projected growth to the government’s strong emphasis on the circular economy and the rapid expansion of the automobile industry, both of which are likely to increase demand for reclaimed rubber.

The company exports to several countries including Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh, Turkey and Philippines. China is currently the largest consumer in its export portfolio, followed by Sri Lanka. According to the Patel, export markets generally use more reclaimed rubber due to their larger production capacities.

The export market continues to show strong demand and the company currently has pending orders from China.

However, as European nations vie for restricted EOL tyre exports to India, the scenario for indigenous recyclers can be precarious. Commenting on the potential impact of such restriction, Patel highlighted, “India recycles a significant portion of the scrap tyres it generates. However, unregulated and illegal pyrolysis operations remain a critical concern. These units often operate without environmental compliance, posing risks to public health and the environment. Stronger government intervention and regulatory enforcement are urgently needed to eliminate such practices and ensure sustainable recycling.”

“India’s tyre recycling ecosystem is diverse and imbalanced. While there are numerous recyclers, the segment is dominated by pyrolysis players (approximately 70 percent), with reclaim rubber manufacturers constituting only around 30 percent. This heavy skew towards pyrolysis is problematic, especially since many of these players depend on imported scrap tyres for feedstock. If the import of scrap tyres into India is disrupted, it will create a significant supply shortage, driving up the price of ELTs. Currently, the price of scrap tyres ranges between INR 18–21 per kilogramme, but a halt in imports could potentially increase this to INR 40 per kilogramme, a nearly 50 percent spike, which would severely impact the entire recycling value chain,” cautioned Patel.

Besides this looming issue, Patel highlighted several pending challenges for the industry. One of the primary issues is a shortage of skilled labour. Interestingly, even as the industry moves towards greater automation, the demand for labour continues to rise.

Another challenge is supply delays caused by aggregators, who often fall behind on delivery timelines due to their own labour shortages. Additionally, maintaining quality consistency is difficult as scrap tyres vary in composition from batch to batch. As a result, the company must closely monitor and control its processes.

A significant concern affecting future growth is the regulatory environment. The company remains cautious about expanding production because of the current ban on scrap tyres.

Although the business is regulated, there’s an underlying fear that stricter government action could further limit the supply of scrap tyres. Such restrictions could leave newly built expansion units underutilised.

Patel believes that unless government policies become more supportive, major investments and expansions will remain risky.

Looking ahead, Lead Reclaim Rubber is planning both forward and backward integration. On the forward side, the company aims to start manufacturing rubber tiles made entirely from rubber granules, a by-product of its current process. It also plans to enter the cycle tyre industry.

As part of its backward integration strategy, the company intends to set up more tyre collection centres both internationally and within various Indian states to secure a more consistent supply chain.

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HS HYOSUNG ADVANCED MATERIALS participated in the China Composite Expo 2026 (CCE 2026), held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center in Shanghai from 1 to 3 September. This annual event stands as Asia’s largest specialised exhibition for composite materials, drawing a significant global audience.

The company has been a consistent participant in CCE since 2013, leveraging the expo to progressively reinforce its foothold in the Asian market. At this year’s showcase, the strategic focus was on its portfolio of high-performance carbon fibre products, which are increasingly recognised as essential materials for advanced sectors including energy, mobility and aerospace due to their superior tensile strength and modulus.

Central to the presentation were actual samples of TANSOME, the company’s proprietary carbon fibre brand developed through in-house technologies. The exhibit featured a diverse range of applications, from mobility components like automotive wheels, hoods and brake discs to sporting goods such as hockey sticks and pickleball rackets, as well as high-pressure vessels for hydrogen and oxygen, drones and wire cores.

In parallel, HS HYOSUNG ADVANCED MATERIALS emphasised its robust manufacturing capabilities and stable supply chain, supported by production bases in Korea, China and Vietnam. This strategy reinforces its standing as a leading global carbon fibre manufacturer. Notably, the company achieved a milestone in 2011 as the first in Korea to independently develop TANSOME, a material 4 times lighter and 10 times stronger than steel. This was followed by the 2022 launch of H3065, a T-1000-grade fibre with strength exceeding steel by over 14 times, designed for demanding aerospace applications.

Jin Dal Lim, CEO, HS HYOSUNG ADVANCED MATERIALS, said, “This exhibition is an important opportunity to further strengthen strategic partnerships with global customers and demonstrate the outstanding technological capabilities of HS HYOSUNG’s carbon fibre. We will continue to build deeper trust in the global market based on world-class product quality and stable supply capabilities.”

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Bekaert has taken a decisive step towards reshaping its operational footprint in Sardinia by securing a preliminary deal with Nuova Icom, a local engineering entity. The arrangement paves the way for the handover of the Macchiareddu premises and guarantees job continuity for the existing staff stationed there, subject to the final stipulations of the contract.

The decision stems from long-term turbulence in the tyre sector, which has steadily undermined the commercial viability of the plant's primary output. With tyre cord manufacturing struggling to remain profitable amidst evolving industry dynamics, the company concluded that a fundamental operational shift was unavoidable.

This initiative follows an extensive search for sustainable alternatives, emphasising regional employment preservation. Bekaert remains attuned to the social ramifications of the transition and pledges to engage transparently with all affected parties. The prospective ownership change is scheduled for completion by October 2026, pending regulatory clearances and the finalisation of employee consultations.

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Every day, tyre recyclers face the same challenge: processing more tyres while maintaining sorting quality, protecting equipment and meeting increasing traceability requirements. Every misidentified tyre represents lost value. Every hidden contaminant can lead to costly downtime. Every manual operation limits productivity.

As tyre volumes continue to grow worldwide, the question is no longer whether tyre sorting should be automated. It is how quickly operators can adopt technologies that make their facilities more efficient, more reliable and more profitable.

As a specialist in intelligent tyre identification, sorting and traceability solutions, REGOM is actively contributing to this transformation through technologies designed to help recyclers process more tyres, improve sorting quality and gain better visibility over their operations.

Through artificial intelligence, advanced inspection technologies and digital traceability, the company is helping transform end-of-life tyres from a waste stream into a valuable resource.

SMARTER TYRE SORTING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

For decades, tyre sorting relied heavily on manual inspections performed by experienced operators. While this approach remains valuable, it can be time-consuming and difficult to scale as tyre volumes continue to increase.

To address these challenges, REGOM has developed intelligent tyre identification technologies capable of automatically reading and analysing tyres in just a few seconds. Powered by artificial intelligence and advanced image recognition, these systems capture and process tyre information in real time, generating reliable data that can immediately be used by operators.

The benefits are significant. Automated identification increases processing capacity through a continuous production flow and automatic evacuation rates of up to 25 percent. It improves sorting consistency, with customers reporting grading quality improvements of up to 3 percent while reducing the risk of human error. By automating repetitive identification and sorting tasks, operators can focus on higher-value activities. Every tyre is identified in just 2.5 seconds and enriched with detailed product data, creating a fully traceable digital record from collection to grading and reporting. This structured database supports regulatory compliance, operational monitoring and data-driven decision-making while preparing facilities for future traceability requirements.

Importantly, artificial intelligence is not designed to replace operators. Instead, it helps redefine their role by automating repetitive tasks and enabling them to focus on activities that require experience, expertise and decision-making. This shift supports higher productivity while creating greater value from human involvement throughout the sorting process.

As the industry continues to evolve, AI-driven sorting is becoming an essential component of modern tyre recycling facilities.

While artificial intelligence enables faster and more reliable identification, another challenge remains: Detecting contaminants hidden in whole tyre or shreds flows.

Some metallic objects or other contaminants not visible during standard inspections may end up in the flow of shreds or whole end-of-life tyres. Once these contaminants enter shredders, pyrolysis units or downstream processing equipment, they can cause costly damage, unplanned maintenance and production downtime.

To address this issue, REGOM has been investing for several years in the development of innovative X-Ray inspection technologies. This new machine aims to detect hidden contaminants before tyres enter critical processing stages. By identifying potential risks at an early stage, operators can better protect their equipment and avoid costly interruptions.

If your shredder or downstream equipment has already suffered unexpected downtime due to hidden contaminants, you already know the consequences: production stops, maintenance costs increase and valuable processing time is lost.

The challenge is that many contaminants remain invisible during traditional inspections and are only discovered once they have reached critical equipment.

This is where X-Ray technology can make a significant difference. By detecting hidden metallic objects and other contaminants before tyres enter shredders, pyrolysis units or other processing equipment, operators can reduce risks, protect critical assets and maintain smoother operations.

The benefits extend throughout the entire recycling process: lower maintenance costs, improved equipment availability, increased operational reliability and ultimately higher productivity.

“The X-Ray solution we are developing directly addresses our customers’ need to automate their operations, making them more reliable and consistent in an increasingly challenging labour market.

The X-Ray solution we are developing directly addresses our customers’ need to automate their operations, making them more reliable and consistent in an increasingly challenging labour market. This inspection system also helps mitigate a growing risk: fires caused by the increasing number of batteries found in end-of-life tyres. By reducing operational costs while ensuring consistent production, this solution delivers significant operational benefits and enhances overall efficiency,” says Arthur Wagner – CEO, REGOM.

TURNING DATA INTO OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE

One of the most significant transformations occurring within the tyre recycling industry is the growing importance of data.

Historically, large quantities of operational information remained unavailable or underutilised. Today, advanced sorting technologies generate valuable data that can be used to improve decision-making across the entire facility.

By combining artificial intelligence, automated identification and digital traceability, operators gain a clearer understanding of incoming tyre flows and sorting performance. This information supports regulatory compliance, facilitates reporting and provides greater transparency throughout the recycling process.

More importantly, data enables continuous improvement. Facilities can identify trends, optimise workflows and make more informed investment decisions based on objective operational insights.

The result is a more efficient, more transparent and more resilient recycling operation.

SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYRE RECYCLING IN INDIA

India is one of the world’s most dynamic markets for tyre recycling and resource recovery. As the sector continues to grow, operators face the same challenges seen across the globe: increasing volumes, higher performance expectations and a growing need for traceability.

Recognising this opportunity, REGOM has partnered with PLANNEX to support the deployment of advanced tyre sorting technologies throughout the Indian market.

By combining REGOM’s expertise in intelligent tyre sorting and traceability with PLANNEX’s strong local presence and industry knowledge, the partnership aims to provide Indian recyclers with access to innovative solutions designed to improve productivity, sorting quality and operational performance.

Together, REGOM and PLANNEX share a common vision: helping recyclers unlock greater value from every tyre while supporting the transition towards a more efficient and sustainable circular economy.

THE FUTURE OF TYRE RECYCLING

The future of tyre recycling is not simply about processing larger quantities of tyres. It is about understanding each tyre better, managing resources more effectively and extracting maximum value from every material entering the recycling stream.

Through artificial intelligence, advanced inspection technologies and data-driven decision-making, REGOM is contributing to this transformation by helping operators build safer, smarter and more efficient recycling facilities.

The challenge is no longer simply to process more tyres. The challenge is to extract more value from every tyre entering the recycling stream.

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In mixing room, rotor seal oil is chronically contaminated by carbon black, oxidation products, metal wear debris and mechanical impurities. During the vulcanisation process, hydraulic oil frequently suffers from contamination and system malfunctions caused by the ingress of moisture and particulates, as well as the formation of sludge and varnish. When oil shifts from a protective medium for equipment to a source of operational risk, profits are continuously – and often invisibly – drained away.

For a typical tyre factory, oil-related expenditures can reach millions of dollars annually. However, industrial waste oil should not be viewed merely as hazardous waste awaiting disposal. Through TMSI’s advanced oil purification and regeneration technologies, contaminated oil can be purified, regenerated and reintroduced into the production cycle – transforming it from a one-time consumable into a recyclable production resource that delivers quantifiable, sustainable value.

MIXER SEAL OIL REGENERATION: 90% OFF-LINE RECYCLING

Seal oil in internal mixer rotors suffers from severe contamination and rapid consumption. Traditional filtration methods struggle to simultaneously address oxides, acidic substances, mechanical impurities and micro-contaminants. Centred on patented electro-sorption and micron-level precision filtration technologies, the TMSI regeneration system selectively captures polar contaminants. It transforms waste oil into reusable, regenerated oil while maximising the retention of the base oil’s active components.

The system enables 90 percent off-line recycling of waste oil, with a processing capacity of 1.5 tonnes per 8-hour batch. Calculations for a typical project – such as a tyre manufacturer generating 240 tonnes of waste seal oil annually – show potential comprehensive annual savings of approximately USD 280,000 and a payback period of less than one year. Furthermore, the use of clean oil minimises scratching on sealing surfaces, prevents sticking caused by gum deposits and reduces wear on critical components, thereby lowering the risks of leakage, downtime and quality fluctuations.

HYDRAULIC OIL PURIFICATION: NO SHUTDOWN, NO OIL CHANGE, 100% CLOSED-LOOP ONLINE PURIFICATION

The core value of hydraulic oil purification is not only to extend the life of the oil but also to prevent maintenance from interrupting production. The TMSI hydraulic oil online circulation purification system is connected to the hydraulic station in a bypass mode and continuously removes moisture, particulate matter, sludge, paint film and oxidised pollutants during equipment operation, allowing the hydraulic oil to recover its performance in a closed-loop cycle, instead of waiting until the oil is out of control before shutting down for oil changes.

The system flow rate covers 30 L/h to 150 L/h, adapting to different tank volumes; after purification, the moisture can be reduced to less than 0.03 percent, and the cleanliness is better than NAS level 8 and can be further improved to approximately NAS level 7 in actual applications. Under normal circumstances, the hydraulic oil change interval is about 1–2 years; when contamination increases, it may be shortened to 3–6 months. Online purification not only reduces the purchase of new oil and the disposal of hazardous waste but also helps reduce the risk of valve core sticking, lagging action, hydraulic cylinder corrosion and internal leakage, ensures the stability of the mould closing force of the vulcanising machine and the consistency of the vulcanisation quality and allows equipment management to shift from post-repair to pre-protection.

PATENTED COMPOSITE FILTER ELEMENT: ENHANCING THE PURIFICATION CAPABILITIES OF EXISTING SYSTEMS

For hydraulic systems already in operation, the TMSI patented composite filter element offers a streamlined, rapid upgrade path. Designed to fit existing system interfaces, it enables an immediate boost in fluid purification performance – enhancing the equipment’s ability to remove water and impurities while improving acid values – simply through a direct replacement of the filter element.

Leveraging material modification and structural optimisation, the composite filter element achieves multi-stage purification within a single unit. It offers filtration precision ranging from 0.5 to 30 μm and consistently maintains oil moisture levels below 300 ppm through recirculating purification. Its high dirt-holding and water-absorbing structure extends service life; under standard operating conditions, the replacement interval reaches six months or longer, allowing existing equipment to achieve superior, long-lasting fluid management capabilities with minimal investment.

FROM HAZARDOUS WASTE COST TO CIRCULAR ASSET: REDEFINING THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL OIL

From North America to Latin America and from Asia to Europe, TMSI’s oil purification solutions are consistently proving stability, adaptability and long-term operational value for more and more manufacturers.

TMSI is transforming industrial oil consumption from the traditional ‘consume-replace-dispose’ model to a circular ‘purify-regenerate-reuse’ model, an approach successfully implemented in the tyre industry.

When waste oil ceases to be merely a cost item on a hazardous waste list and instead becomes a circular asset – capable of being purified, re-evaluated and reintroduced into the production system – fluid management shifts from a routine maintenance task to a strategic factor directly impacting consumable costs, downtime losses, investment payback periods and ESG performance. Returning waste oil to the production line represents more than just an upgrade in oil purification; it paves a new path for tyre factories towards lean, low-carbon and highly resilient operations.

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