In 2014, Zivojin Sekulic was presenting a concept about Serbia as a future hot spot for tyre production in Shandong, in China, one of the world’s biggest tyre production province. By then, nobody was bullish on Serbia and saw the country as the next tyre production hub, but Sekulic applied analysis and research methods to support his prediction.

Sekulic has been with the industry for over a decade, and has been responsible for developing, managing and supporting operations in  Europe, Asia, and the USA.

Several reasons could support Sekulic's claims. One of the reasons for that prediction was geopolitical relations between China, USA, EU and Euroasia. To de-risk trade tension, many tyre companies are exploring alternative production locations, and Serbia is emerging to be a viable place to target major markets. Also, Also, 'made in EU' effects are needed for OEM contracts which also help to brand building.

Having those reasons in mind, Sekulic forecast that Chinese tyre companies will come to the Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to setup tyre plants to avoid anti-dumping duties, apply made in EU effect to their brand and to get some OEM contracts as they need to be close enough to automotive plants due to specific logistic delivery contracts.

Five years later, Linglong Tire in 2019 started to build a tyre plant in Serbia with an investment of almost one billion USD. "Serbia is China's first strategic partner in central and eastern Europe and has a favourable environment for development and investment," said the Chinese tyre company. After the completion of the project, the annual output of various high-performance radial tyre will reach 13.62 million units, with yearly revenue of $ 600 million.

In the same year just a few months later, another Asian Tyre producer, Toyo Tire announced that it will setup a plant in Serbia.  The Japanese company will invest around 3.91 million euros in the plant, which will produce tyres for passenger vehicles with an annual capacity of five million tyres. Toyo Tire will start construction of the Serbian Plant in May 2020, and manufacturing operations are expected start in January January 2022, with a capacity of five million tyres annually (based on tyres for passenger vehicles) by the summer of 2023.

Cooper Tire Serbia, a subsidiary of Cooper Tire & Rubber is also increasing production capacity at its Kruševac tyre manufacturing plant. With a strategic manufacturing footprint investment of approximately $55 million in equipment upgrades and facility expansion, the project will increase the size of the Kruševac facility to more than 882,000 square feet.

Cooper Tire Serbia will produce new, larger diameter tyres being demanded in Europe and other global markets. Total annual production capacity at the Kruševac plant will increase by approximately one-third after this expansion, which is expected later this year and will establish a footprint which could further double capacity with additional equipment and people.

"We can say that 2019 was an amazing year for the tyre Industry of Serbia. With already four tyre manufacturing plants of Michelin, Copper Tire, Mitas and Trayal, the country will have two more manufacturing plants soon. That is a huge success for Serbia as we all know that even countries with a bigger population and bigger size have lesser number of tyre plants in Europe," says Zivojin Sekulic.

A chat with Zivojin Sekulic:

Why are tyre companies showing increasing interest in Serbia for setting up plants – and generally in eastern Europe?

The reason for setting up tyre plants in Serbia is because of its specific geopolitical status. Serbia is in Europe, but not in the EU. That means particular goods produced in Serbia can be exported with 0% duty to EU, Russia, USA and countries of CEFTA and EFTA agreements and that's the market of almost one billion people. Comparing to anti-dumping duties for tyres produced in China, sounds like a good benefit, right?

Also, another reason is the label of “Made in EU” for tyre brands. The “Made in EU” effects help tyre companies to become recognisable and increase the prices, comparing to prices of tyres produced in China, and that means more significant profit.

Take the example of Hankook and their plant in Hungary. Only a few years after setting up their plant in Hungary they were selling more than 30% of their total annual production in EU and today with OEM contracts, excellent marketing strategy and outstanding R&D teams, they are in the race to become premium brand. So, imagine one day, maybe in five to eight years from today, Linglong can be close to the premium tyre brand and with the right strategy and marketing activities, if they decide to go that way.

One more reason is OEM contracts. Before setting up the plant in Serbia, Linglong signed a deal with VW and Renault, and now tyres produced in the Chinese company's tyre plant in Serbia will be delivered to these two automotive giants.

What benefits/ incentives that Serbia offers?

There are several benefits that country like Serbia is ready to offer to foreign investors. But I would like to highlight the benefits in general, not to go deeper in an analysis of specific incentives as that depends from situation to situation.

For example, the government is offering land where investors can set up a plant free of charge. There are also some tax incentives for more significant investments which are happening in the tyre industry. For instance, Cooper Tire's expansion project is supported by around $8 million in incentives provided by the Serbian government. Some investors can even get incentives per each employee that they will hire (basically like cashback card ). So, a general conclusion is that country like Serbia is really generous to foreign investors, and they should have that in mind.

Which companies are in the process of setting up?

At this moment Linglong is building the tyre plant in the city of Zrenjanin and Toyo announced that they will start building a plant in the city of Indjija very soon.

On the other side, there are major tyre companies - Mitas, Michelin, Cooper Tire, Trayal, which are producing tyres the country.

What's the future of tyre industry in Serbia?

Even I was right six years ago with a prediction that Asian tyre producers will setup tyre plants in Serbia in the near future that doesn't mean I will be right this time. But I genuinely believe that in Serbia there is a place for one more tyre plant. Specifically, I am thinking about a TBR , Agri and OTR tyre plant that can be built in a place where now Trayal's old plant is located which is still working and producing tyres for agriculture.

Going forward, the future of the Serbian tyre industry will move in another direction. After setting up plants, we will see R&D centres and Testing grounds and facilities in the country. I am predicting this because, for R&D, you need to have an excellent workforce and Serbia really has top-notch engineers and amazing developers. Currently, Continental has an R&D centre in the city of Novi Sad where several hundreds of engineers are employed.

In my working experience of 14 years in the tyre industry and 10 years in the IT sector, and having experience from Silicon Valley, I can tell you that engineers, researchers and software developers in Serbia are outstanding and not expensive like in the western EU or Silicon Valley. So, I am pretty sure that future intelligent tyres that will be based on sensors and specific software and machine learning will be designed and produced in some of the R&D centres based in Serbia.

Regarding testing facilities. Well, why should someone go to Spain or to Nordics to test summer or winter tyres if they can do it in Serbia as our climate is changed, so we have very hot summer and extreme winter, the perfect climate for tyre testing.

Q) Please share some information on your Project SMARTY?

My project SMARTY is related to the tyre industry and related to the development of smart tyres and smart trucks.

Using my vast experience from the tyre industry and IT industry, with a team of developers, I am working on the development of specific sensors, hardware and software that will be used in vehicles to optimise the costs and to prevent the accidents with tyres. We want to predict failure before it happens.

Currently, we have some working models and, shortly, we will start with sales of those models. The final goal is to make SMARTY device to become necessary in every vehicle to become smart or autonomous. Sensors for truck and OTR tyres we will unveil soon.

(Zivojin Sekulic: z.sekulic@gaj.rs)

Alberta Recycling Management Authority (ARMA) has announced the appointment of Vahid Rashidi as its new Vice President of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). The leadership addition marks a strategic step in the organisation's ongoing evolution to better serve the needs of Albertans.

Rashidi brings extensive experience and strategic vision to the role, with a strong track record in driving impactful results. His appointment underscores ARMA’s commitment to navigating complex regulatory systems and strengthening its leadership capacity. He is expected to play a pivotal role in advancing the organisation’s EPR initiatives and reinforcing its dedication to sustainability and compliance excellence.

His results-oriented approach aligns with ARMA’s mission to deliver responsible solutions for industries and communities across the province. The organisation anticipates that his leadership will accelerate progress towards its goals, inspire internal teams and help position ARMA for continued success within a shifting regulatory landscape. The appointment has been met with enthusiasm as the authority looks to build on its momentum in environmental stewardship.

After more than three decades in tyre recycling, Pliteq CEO Paul Downey argues that despite rising sustainability rhetoric, the industry’s core technologies and material flows have barely evolved. While perceptions of recycled materials have improved, real innovation, he said, has been slower, narrower and far more uneven than expected.

Paul Downey, Chief Executive Officer of Pliteq, has worked in end-of-life tyre recycling since 1990. In that time, he expected major breakthroughs in pyrolysis and tyre-to-tyre recycling. He says they never came.

“When you look at pyrolysis, that hasn’t really changed in 30 years,” Downey said in an exclusive interview with Tyre Trends. “When you look at the use of rubber back into tyres, still a very small percentage of waste tyres goes back into new tyres,” he added.

Despite more money, more participants and more attention on recycling, he describes the sector as remarkably static. These, he said, were the areas where he expected research and to unlock scale. “Frankly the needle hasn’t moved very far in all those years. I’ve only seen very, very small changes in the last 30 years,” Downey noted.

One reason is energy. “Tyres take a tremendous amount of energy to grind up. So, you still need a lot of energy. Energy challenges are going to be an ongoing issue,” he said, pointing to wider stress on energy infrastructure.

That energy intensity affects both mechanical recycling and pyrolysis, where tyres are broken into oil, gas and carbon black. While refining recovered carbon black has long been studied, Downey says progress has been limited.

“You can refine the carbon black to make it more useful by tyre companies in terms of not degrading the quality of the finished tyre,” he said, adding that this has been researched for decades without dramatic improvement.

Pyrolysis remains minor in North America with a significant share of tyres still used as tyre-derived fuel. Downey divides end-of-life tyre use roughly into thirds viz-a-viz moulded goods, tyre-derived fuel and applications such as rubber-modified asphalt, which he says has also seen limited uptake since 1990.

After university, Downey joined a company that was already working with tyre manufacturing waste with materials that could not be used in new tyres due to quality deviations.

“When you produce a tyre, about two to three percent of the materials are off-spec. These materials can’t be used to make a tyre, so that becomes waste. That waste, combined with ELTs, was processed into noise and vibration products, primarily for automotive, heavy truck, and off-the-road vehicle applications,” he explained.

“This was back in the early 1990s. The original use was non-tyre. It was mostly in the noise and vibration space for vehicles,” Downey said.

In 1998, after developing multiple patents in Canada and the United States, Downey founded his own company. Initially, the business model revolved around licensing those patents to manufacturers, largely in the US. Over time, that approach evolved. “When I formed Pliteq, I stopped doing the licensing. All of the patents are now being used by the company,” he said.

FROM PATENTS TO PLITEQ

Today, Pliteq focuses on manufacturing finished products rather than licensing technology. The company produces sound and vibration control materials, insulated floor mats and building products made from recycled ELT rubber. Its applications range from isolating vibration caused by subway and railway lines to managing noise and vibration from HVAC systems, pumps, compressors and mechanical rooms in buildings.

“We’re looking at all the places in or around a building under construction where rubber could be used,” Downey explained.

Asked what has changed in the tyre recycling industry over the last 30 to 35 years, Downey’s answer is candid. “Remarkably, little has changed,” he quipped.

While markets for recycled tyres have expanded, the underlying technologies and material flows remain largely the same. Pyrolysis, often cited as a future solution for ELTs, has not progressed as dramatically as expected. “That hasn’t really changed tremendously in 30 years,” Downey noted.

Similarly, efforts to put recycled rubber back into new tyres have seen limited success. “There have been some efforts by major tyre companies but still a very, very small percentage of waste tyres goes back into new tyres. Those were areas where I thought there was a lot of potential for research, but the needle hasn’t moved very far,” he said.

Where the industry has evolved more meaningfully is in moulded goods. “That’s where we’ve seen the most development,” Downey said, pointing to sound and vibration products, underlayments and recycled rubber flooring used in schools, hospitals, gyms and fitness facilities. In North America, he estimates that moulded goods account for roughly one-third of ELT usage.

Another third of ELTs is used as tyre-derived fuel, while the remainder goes into applications such as rubber-modified asphalt, an area Downey says existed in 1990 and has not seen significant market uptake despite ongoing research.

CHANGING PERCEPTIONS

One of the most significant shifts Downey has witnessed is not technological but cultural. “When I started, recycling was a bad word. People didn’t want to buy recycled products because they thought it was garbage,” he said.

That perception has changed substantially. Today, architects, builders and developers show strong interest in sustainable materials, particularly in construction. While Downey does not attribute this shift directly to regulation, he acknowledges a broader market preference for sustainability.

“Now people don’t view recycling as inferior. That attitude has definitely changed over the last 30 years,” he said.

Moreover, public scrutiny around recycled rubber has intensified in recent years, particularly regarding the use of crumb rubber in athletic fields. Downey addressed these concerns directly, referencing studies he has reviewed.

“I haven’t seen any research that shows a correlation between crumb rubber and health issues. The Synthetic Turf Council conducted a multi-year study that showed exactly the opposite,” he said.

In Downey’s view, the primary concern around crumb rubber is environmental rather than medical. “It’s a powder. Potentially, it can wash away into the water supply,” he said.

Pliteq, however, is not active in the turf infill market. “We don’t sell crumb into athletic fields. We strictly manufacture moulded goods for sound control, vibration isolation, flooring and building products,” Downey clarifies.

SCALE AND FOOTPRINT

Pliteq operates offices in seven countries and sells into approximately 50 markets worldwide. Its main manufacturing facility is located in Canada, supported by two smaller plants in United States. Collectively, these facilities produce about 44,000 metric tonnes of finished products annually.

To achieve this output, Pliteq consumes roughly 60,000 metric tonnes of ELTs. “We don’t use the steel or textile,” Downey explained, referring to the components removed during tyre processing.

The company sources tyres primarily from North America, tapping into a collection network that has been established over the past three decades. ELTs are categorised into three distinct groups viz-a-viz passenger and light truck tyres, heavy truck tyres and mining or off-the-road tyres, each with different rubber compositions and properties.

“We keep those three categories separate. The amount and type of rubber are quite distinct,” Downey said.

Pliteq’s patents focus on application and use rather than core processing technologies. Beyond patents, the company relies heavily on proprietary know-how. “We have a number of trade secret processes that we don’t disclose,” Downey said.

These include particle selection, tyre source selection, screening, cleaning, formulation, mixing and moulding. “We do things in a way that nobody else in the world is doing. That allows us to achieve certain quality levels, surface finishes and performance characteristics that aren’t generally available,” he says.

Quality control is embedded throughout the manufacturing process. Downey estimated that each product passes through around seven distinct quality checks, supported by machine operators, automated systems and visual inspections. Any waste generated during production is reprocessed and reused, reinforcing a closed-loop manufacturing approach.

Pliteq operates a hybrid business model. Technology development, product design and manufacturing are largely centralised, while sales, warehousing and distribution are managed regionally. This structure allows the company to adapt products to local market needs.

“Some markets have very distinct requirements. What’s needed in UK might not be required in Singapore, Australia or US,” Downey said.

THE ROAD AHEAD

Looking forward, Downey sees gradual rather than dramatic change. Energy consumption remains a major challenge as tyre grinding is energy-intensive. Broader issues such as energy infrastructure strain and shifting global trade patterns also weigh on the industry.

Despite these challenges, Pliteq continues to reinvest its earnings back into the business. “We’re on a growth curve. We reinvest all the money back into the company and into the markets,” Downey said.

The company is currently operating at around 80 percent capacity, a level Downey stated is close to optimal. Expansion will focus first on strengthening existing teams across its seven offices before opening new locations.

“We’ve built the manufacturing model so it can scale as demand grows. But we only put new facilities where the market can sustain them,” he said.

After more than three decades in the ELT space, Downey remains pragmatic. The industry may not have transformed as dramatically as once hoped, but in moulded products and building applications, Pliteq continues to carve out a space where recycled tyres deliver measurable performance and growing acceptance in the built environment.

The World Health Organization estimates a whopping 1.9 million deaths worldwide each year due of road incidents. Hence, it can be deduced that approximately 3,200 people succumb to road related incidents each day.

It is also true that governments and organisations are trying to curb this menace that dearly costs the global race. UK-based organisation TyreSafe is one of the many players that are caring for people’s lives.

It dedicatedly raises awareness on the importance of correct tyre maintenance and the dangers of defective and illegal tyres to fight safety issues.

Speaking to Tyre Trends, TyreSafe Chairman Stuart Lovatt said, “We take a strategic, risk-based approach. TyreSafe leverages key seasonal themes such as winter driving, summer journeys and harvest-time rural risks while maintaining suites of evergreen assets that can be used year-round.” 

“Priority is given to vulnerable road user groups through targeted campaigns, alongside all road users via our flagship Tyre Safety Month. Partnerships are critical. By integrating tyre safety into partners’ existing calendars and campaigns, we significantly extend our reach without duplicating effort. This collaborative model ensures resources are used efficiently and messages reach the right audiences at the right time,” he added.

TyreSafe works with over 250 organisations to disseminate the message of safety. Each collaboration enables it to reach different regions, sectors or road user groups, whether that is police forces, road safety partnerships, rural safety groups or charities.

“Cross-sector collaboration is essential to delivering the safe system approach. Safe vehicles and tyre safety in particular must be embedded within long-term, joined-up efforts to reduce and ultimately eliminate death and serious injury on UK roads,” said Lovatt.

The key lesson is that collaboration requires persistence and clarity of purpose. Strong partnerships are built on shared goals, evidence-led strategy and tangible outputs such as research, campaigns and participation in influential working groups. From there, aligning on tone, timing and messaging becomes much easier.

SAFETY GOALS

Vision Zero is a global road safety approach that aims to eliminate all road traffic deaths and serious injuries. It is based on the belief that human error is inevitable but fatalities are preventable through safer road design, responsible speeds, safer vehicles and stronger shared accountability.

Lovatt noted it as an ambitious but essential goal and one that no single organisation can achieve alone.

However, he explained that TyreSafe measures progress not just through a single metric and more through its contribution to the wider safe system approach, particularly the safe vehicles and safe people pillars.

A significant recent milestone has been the launch of the National Road Safety Strategy, which creates a renewed framework for collaboration between government, charities, enforcement, industry and researchers. After more than a decade without a national strategy, this provides the foundation needed for coordinated, evidence-led action.

Looking ahead to 2030, TyreSafe’s focus is on embedding tyre safety more firmly into national conversations around vehicle safety, fleet responsibility and public behaviour change.

“Success will be measured through stronger cross-sector collaboration, increased visibility of tyre safety within wider road safety initiatives, improved data quality and sustained engagement from both industry and road users, which all lead to a marked reduction in number of serious incidents on our roads,” said Lovatt.

TyreSafe continually reviews its resources to ensure they remain relevant and valuable. “We already include EV tyre safety guidance on our website, and this is an area we expect to develop further. With a small team and a wide range of road users to serve, prioritisation is essential. Each year we expand our resource portfolio carefully, ensuring new content delivers genuine value for stakeholders and does not dilute impact,” added Lovatt.

CHALLENGES AFOOT

Lovatt contended that technology offers clear benefits for data collection and diagnostics. However, it also presents risks if it reduces the active, human element of tyre safety.

Visual and manual checks remain critical in identifying damage, wear and defects that technology may not always capture. There is a risk that increased vehicle automation could lead to complacency, so TyreSafe’s approach will continue to reinforce the importance of driver responsibility alongside technological advances.

On the other hand, scepticism and inertia are imminent challenges that are addressed through clear case-for-action statistics, which consistently resonate with the public, media and stakeholders.

“Culturally, the cost-of-living crisis presents real challenges with drivers delaying tyre replacement or repair for financial reasons. For fleets, education is key. We produce targeted content and resources for fleet and compliance managers that emphasise not only safety but liability, duty of care and reputational risk. By framing tyre safety as both a safety and business-critical issue, we are better able to overcome resistance and influence positive behavioural change,” said Lovatt.

Measuring real-world outcomes also remains one of the biggest challenges in road safety. “Data on tyre-related incidents relies heavily on third-party reporting, which limits our ability to directly attribute impact. To address this, TyreSafe conducts its own research, such as the 2023 national tread depth survey, which we are looking to repeat,” explained Lovatt.

It also runs smaller-scale public surveys to understand not just what behaviours exist but why, allowing the organisation to refine messaging and improve relevance. It also utilises partners data and research with their support to continuously refresh and strengthen the case for action.

“While awareness metrics remain important, our focus is increasingly on insight-led evaluation that informs practical behaviour change,” he said.

BALANCING SCALES

Balancing programme expansion with sustainable funding and supporter engagement remains a challenge for a charity organisation leading national safety efforts.

TyreSafe works closely with its industry supporters, who are its primary income stream. The organisation ensures that it has a voice and that its strategic direction, resource development and investment decisions align with their CSR objectives while avoiding conflict with commercial activity.

This collaborative approach helps maintain long-term trust, financial sustainability and shared ownership of TyreSafe’s mission.

TyreSafe also does not advocate for legislative change and operates strictly within existing regulatory frameworks. However, it works closely with a wide range of organisations and partners who are able to engage more directly in policy advocacy.

“Our priority is engaging stakeholders, industry, enforcement partners and the wider road safety community while using our research, status and channels to reach the public both online and offline. The goal is to drive real, practical behaviour change, rather than focusing solely on awareness,” explained Lovatt.

He added that by ensuring that organisational evidence, campaigns and resources are robust and credible, it supports informed dialogue across the sector and contributes to policy discussions indirectly through collaboration and shared insight.

“International engagement is driven by a desire to support organisations embarking on their own road safety journeys. By sharing TyreSafe’s 20 years of research, campaigning experience and resources, we can help others accelerate progress and reach audiences more quickly. The focus is on enabling and supporting, rather than exporting a one-size-fits-all model,” contended the executive.

TyreSafe’s work highlights that meaningful road safety progress depends on sustained collaboration, credible data and behavioural change. By embedding tyre safety within the wider Vision Zero framework and adapting to emerging technologies and challenges, the organisation continues to influence safer roads, vehicles and users, proving that incremental actions can collectively save lives.

Kumho Tire USA has unveiled a completely overhauled consumer website, marking a pivotal step in its journey to establish itself as a premier alternative in the tyre industry. The redesign is a strategic move to modernise the company’s digital storefront, ensuring it accurately mirrors the brand's forward-thinking vision and evolving market identity.

Central to this transformation was the goal of creating a more intuitive and brand-enhancing user experience. The site’s architecture has been meticulously reorganised to guide visitors seamlessly through Kumho’s product lineup and corporate philosophy. By unifying the visual design, tone and messaging, the new platform projects a cohesive brand story designed to build confidence and instil a sense of pride among customers and partners alike.

More than just a catalogue of products, the updated site functions as a dynamic conduit between the company and its audience. It underscores Kumho’s commitment to delivering exceptional value through an innovation-led approach. This digital ecosystem now actively demonstrates how the manufacturer translates technological advancement into tangible benefits, reinforcing its dedication to exceeding expectations at every point of engagement.

Ed Cho, CEO, Kumho Tire USA, said, "The newly redesigned website marks a significant step in Kumho Tire's journey to solidify its position as a premium brand alternative. The enhanced digital platform showcases KUMHO's commitment to delivering high-quality products at a reasonable price to discerning customers who demand value. Our continued efforts to implement innovative technologies and build a brand that consumers can trust enable our ability to pioneer new segments of the global market."