In 2014, Zivojin Sekulic was presenting a concept about Serbia as a future hot spot for tyre production in Shandong, in China, one of the world’s biggest tyre production province. By then, nobody was bullish on Serbia and saw the country as the next tyre production hub, but Sekulic applied analysis and research methods to support his prediction.

Sekulic has been with the industry for over a decade, and has been responsible for developing, managing and supporting operations in  Europe, Asia, and the USA.

Several reasons could support Sekulic's claims. One of the reasons for that prediction was geopolitical relations between China, USA, EU and Euroasia. To de-risk trade tension, many tyre companies are exploring alternative production locations, and Serbia is emerging to be a viable place to target major markets. Also, Also, 'made in EU' effects are needed for OEM contracts which also help to brand building.

Having those reasons in mind, Sekulic forecast that Chinese tyre companies will come to the Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to setup tyre plants to avoid anti-dumping duties, apply made in EU effect to their brand and to get some OEM contracts as they need to be close enough to automotive plants due to specific logistic delivery contracts.

Five years later, Linglong Tire in 2019 started to build a tyre plant in Serbia with an investment of almost one billion USD. "Serbia is China's first strategic partner in central and eastern Europe and has a favourable environment for development and investment," said the Chinese tyre company. After the completion of the project, the annual output of various high-performance radial tyre will reach 13.62 million units, with yearly revenue of $ 600 million.

In the same year just a few months later, another Asian Tyre producer, Toyo Tire announced that it will setup a plant in Serbia.  The Japanese company will invest around 3.91 million euros in the plant, which will produce tyres for passenger vehicles with an annual capacity of five million tyres. Toyo Tire will start construction of the Serbian Plant in May 2020, and manufacturing operations are expected start in January January 2022, with a capacity of five million tyres annually (based on tyres for passenger vehicles) by the summer of 2023.

Cooper Tire Serbia, a subsidiary of Cooper Tire & Rubber is also increasing production capacity at its Kruševac tyre manufacturing plant. With a strategic manufacturing footprint investment of approximately $55 million in equipment upgrades and facility expansion, the project will increase the size of the Kruševac facility to more than 882,000 square feet.

Cooper Tire Serbia will produce new, larger diameter tyres being demanded in Europe and other global markets. Total annual production capacity at the Kruševac plant will increase by approximately one-third after this expansion, which is expected later this year and will establish a footprint which could further double capacity with additional equipment and people.

"We can say that 2019 was an amazing year for the tyre Industry of Serbia. With already four tyre manufacturing plants of Michelin, Copper Tire, Mitas and Trayal, the country will have two more manufacturing plants soon. That is a huge success for Serbia as we all know that even countries with a bigger population and bigger size have lesser number of tyre plants in Europe," says Zivojin Sekulic.

A chat with Zivojin Sekulic:

Why are tyre companies showing increasing interest in Serbia for setting up plants – and generally in eastern Europe?

The reason for setting up tyre plants in Serbia is because of its specific geopolitical status. Serbia is in Europe, but not in the EU. That means particular goods produced in Serbia can be exported with 0% duty to EU, Russia, USA and countries of CEFTA and EFTA agreements and that's the market of almost one billion people. Comparing to anti-dumping duties for tyres produced in China, sounds like a good benefit, right?

Also, another reason is the label of “Made in EU” for tyre brands. The “Made in EU” effects help tyre companies to become recognisable and increase the prices, comparing to prices of tyres produced in China, and that means more significant profit.

Take the example of Hankook and their plant in Hungary. Only a few years after setting up their plant in Hungary they were selling more than 30% of their total annual production in EU and today with OEM contracts, excellent marketing strategy and outstanding R&D teams, they are in the race to become premium brand. So, imagine one day, maybe in five to eight years from today, Linglong can be close to the premium tyre brand and with the right strategy and marketing activities, if they decide to go that way.

One more reason is OEM contracts. Before setting up the plant in Serbia, Linglong signed a deal with VW and Renault, and now tyres produced in the Chinese company's tyre plant in Serbia will be delivered to these two automotive giants.

What benefits/ incentives that Serbia offers?

There are several benefits that country like Serbia is ready to offer to foreign investors. But I would like to highlight the benefits in general, not to go deeper in an analysis of specific incentives as that depends from situation to situation.

For example, the government is offering land where investors can set up a plant free of charge. There are also some tax incentives for more significant investments which are happening in the tyre industry. For instance, Cooper Tire's expansion project is supported by around $8 million in incentives provided by the Serbian government. Some investors can even get incentives per each employee that they will hire (basically like cashback card ). So, a general conclusion is that country like Serbia is really generous to foreign investors, and they should have that in mind.

Which companies are in the process of setting up?

At this moment Linglong is building the tyre plant in the city of Zrenjanin and Toyo announced that they will start building a plant in the city of Indjija very soon.

On the other side, there are major tyre companies - Mitas, Michelin, Cooper Tire, Trayal, which are producing tyres the country.

What's the future of tyre industry in Serbia?

Even I was right six years ago with a prediction that Asian tyre producers will setup tyre plants in Serbia in the near future that doesn't mean I will be right this time. But I genuinely believe that in Serbia there is a place for one more tyre plant. Specifically, I am thinking about a TBR , Agri and OTR tyre plant that can be built in a place where now Trayal's old plant is located which is still working and producing tyres for agriculture.

Going forward, the future of the Serbian tyre industry will move in another direction. After setting up plants, we will see R&D centres and Testing grounds and facilities in the country. I am predicting this because, for R&D, you need to have an excellent workforce and Serbia really has top-notch engineers and amazing developers. Currently, Continental has an R&D centre in the city of Novi Sad where several hundreds of engineers are employed.

In my working experience of 14 years in the tyre industry and 10 years in the IT sector, and having experience from Silicon Valley, I can tell you that engineers, researchers and software developers in Serbia are outstanding and not expensive like in the western EU or Silicon Valley. So, I am pretty sure that future intelligent tyres that will be based on sensors and specific software and machine learning will be designed and produced in some of the R&D centres based in Serbia.

Regarding testing facilities. Well, why should someone go to Spain or to Nordics to test summer or winter tyres if they can do it in Serbia as our climate is changed, so we have very hot summer and extreme winter, the perfect climate for tyre testing.

Q) Please share some information on your Project SMARTY?

My project SMARTY is related to the tyre industry and related to the development of smart tyres and smart trucks.

Using my vast experience from the tyre industry and IT industry, with a team of developers, I am working on the development of specific sensors, hardware and software that will be used in vehicles to optimise the costs and to prevent the accidents with tyres. We want to predict failure before it happens.

Currently, we have some working models and, shortly, we will start with sales of those models. The final goal is to make SMARTY device to become necessary in every vehicle to become smart or autonomous. Sensors for truck and OTR tyres we will unveil soon.

(Zivojin Sekulic: z.sekulic@gaj.rs)

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On the other hand, Sharma believes that it is relatively easier for an established off-highway tyre specialist to expand into the B2C or on-highway tyre segment than it is for traditional consumer tyre companies to build the capabilities needed for off-highway applications.

To ensure that its leadership in off-highway tyres remains intact, the company has ring-fenced the two businesses. The off-highway and on-highway operations will run independently with a completely separate team dedicated to the consumer tyre segment.

The distribution strategy will also be different. “The on-highway business will have its own distributors and channel structure and we will not rely on the existing off-highway distribution network for this segment,” he said.

In effect, everything from organisational teams to distribution channels has been designed to remain distinct while still allowing the company to selectively leverage complementary strengths where it makes strategic sense.

UNCHARTED TERRITORIES

Entering the B2C tyre space in India is widely seen as challenging, as the market is dominated by a handful of established players and is extremely price competitive.

Alluding to how the company will navigate through such uncharted territories, Sharma said, “While the Indian tyre market is indeed dominated by major players, that concentration also indicates limited brand diversity rather than excessive competition. This suggests there is still room for credible new entrants that can provide customers with more options.”

Sharma also believes that the company enters the market with an advantage because it already has a well-recognised brand presence in India. It is not a completely new or unknown player entering the country for the first time.

“Given that roughly 90 percent of the market is served by only a few companies, we see an opportunity to gradually establish ourselves by offering reliable products and expanding customer choice,” noted Sharma.

Also, India is one of the largest markets in the world for two-wheeler tyres. The company’s long-term strategy is to eventually address multiple segments, but the initial focus will be on high-volume categories.

“Building a strong distribution network requires products that move quickly and consistently through the market, making high-volume segments the logical starting point. The two-wheeler tyre market in India is largely volume-driven with enormous demand levels. Success in this segment requires deep market penetration, strong brand awareness and the ability to deliver high-quality products consistently,” explained Sharma.

As a result, the company plans to begin with two primary product categories viz-a-viz a pure on-road tyre and an on-off-road tyre. “Within these categories, several sub-segments will be introduced to address different consumer needs. This multi-product approach is designed to help build the distribution network, strengthen brand visibility and establish our operating model in the market. Additional product lines will be introduced gradually once this foundation is established,” contended Sharma.

He also believes there is a meaningful opportunity to bring more innovation to better serve Indian consumers. From a consumer perspective, introducing fresh breakthroughs in two-wheeler tyre technology could unlock new levels of performance, safety and value in the years ahead.

He believes the market is ready for new products with improved performance characteristics and superior attributes. Increased competition can drive innovation and ultimately benefit consumers.

DISTRIBUTION DISRUPTOR

The biggest challenge in the two-wheeler tyre business is reach and market penetration, noted Sharma. Unlike other tyre segments that rely heavily on specialised dealers, two-wheeler tyres are frequently purchased from nearby mechanics or small retail outlets because customers typically treat them as basic, everyday products rather than highly technical components.

He added that most riders are unwilling to travel long distances to a specialised tyre store for a replacement. This has created a highly dispersed retail ecosystem with multiple types of sellers. Over time, the market also adopted a distributor-led model that proved commercially successful and helped some leading companies expand their reach significantly.

However, that model also has weaknesses. “Many companies operate both legacy dealer networks and distributor systems simultaneously, which can lead to channel overlaps. In practice, this often results in product infiltration between territories, price inconsistencies across outlets and confusion for end customers,” stated Sharma.

He added, “Entering the market later provides an advantage because we do not carry the burden of legacy distribution structures. Instead, we plan to implement a pure distribution model from the outset. Each distributor will operate within a clearly defined territory with strong protection from channel overlap, allowing them to invest confidently in building their regional market.”

According to Sharma, this structure has already generated strong interest among distributors. Many see the opportunity as a long-term entrepreneurial venture where they can build a stable and scalable business.

He believes that this model will help the company challenge some existing distribution norms not only in two-wheelers but eventually in other tyre segments as well.

REGULATORY RESILIENCE

On the other hand, Sharma noted that the commercial tyre market must be viewed within the context of rapidly evolving regulations and policy direction. India’s decision to move directly from Bharat Stage IV to Bharat Stage VI emission norms illustrates how quickly regulatory frameworks can evolve. Discussions around future stages, along with policies such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for tyres, are reshaping how companies must approach the market.

At the same time, government policy clearly indicates a long-term transition towards greener mobility.

“We believe retreading should play a far larger role in the tyre lifecycle. Retreading extends the usable life of tyres, offering both economic benefits for fleet operators and environmental advantages for the broader ecosystem. Yet, despite its logical benefits, retreading volumes in India have actually declined in recent years,” noted Sharma.

The company intends to challenge this contradiction by promoting retreading more actively and working with customers who share the same long-term vision. Education and engagement will form an important part of this strategy.

Another factor influencing product strategy is the increase in vehicle loading across the trucking sector. “Higher loads often cause tyre wear patterns that reduce retreadability, highlighting the need for better product specifications,” said Sharma.

Rather than competing directly in the most crowded segments, the strategy is to align with emerging market trends, promote technically appropriate products and raise awareness about more sustainable tyre usage practices.

RETREADING PARADOX

Sharma said Indian consumers are willing to pay more when they see value, as they tend to evaluate purchases rationally, with fleet operators focusing on total cost of ownership rather than just the upfront price.

He argued that taxation alone cannot explain the recent slowdown in retreading. Earlier, GST on new tyres stood at around 28 percent and has since been reduced to roughly 18 percent, while retreaded tyres are also taxed under the GST framework.

“The decline in retreading activity has been taking place for nearly three years, which suggests that GST changes alone cannot explain the trend,” Sharma said, noting that a large portion of the business historically operated in the informal sector. “Taxation may therefore be a convenient explanation, but it does not fully address the deeper structural issues affecting the market.”

According to him, the deeper issue lies in a structural conflict within the tyre industry, where promoting retreading aggressively could reduce demand for new tyres.

“Many manufacturers have experimented with retreading programmes or franchise models, but they rarely pursue them with the level of commitment required to develop the ecosystem fully,” he noted.

Sharma believes this gap creates an opportunity to engage with fleet operators and promote better tyre lifecycle management.

“With improved highway infrastructure, higher vehicle speeds and evolving regulatory expectations, better utilisation of retreading could benefit both the industry and the environment,” he added.

The company plans to focus on casing preservation and customer education while working with reliable regional retreaders to encourage better tyre lifecycle practices.

DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPLY

BKT already operates advanced indoor tyre testing equipment and initially utilised some of the testing infrastructure that had been developed for its off-highway tyre business while additional machines were being installed. It now has a strong indoor testing setup and continues to expand and upgrade this infrastructure to support product development.

It has also earmarked an INR 35 billion investment for expanding its on-highway tyre portfolio. While Sharama didn’t disclose a detailed breakdown, he informed that the investment will be distributed across the different business segments including off-highway tyres, on-highway tyres and carbon black based on strategic requirements.

He also said that if future growth plans require establishing technical centres or partnerships in overseas markets, the company remains open to taking those steps.

For the export markets, for the first two years, the focus will remain on building the product portfolio and preparing the range for international markets. A broader market launch through the global distribution network is expected to follow about two to three years later.

Commenting on the opportunities and challenges that the company will face in achieving the target of INR 230 billion in revenue from the current INR 100 billion, Sharma said, “Our core off-highway tyre business continues to grow strongly, particularly in India. Slower growth in certain international markets in recent years has been influenced more by geo- political developments rather than by any structural weakness in demand.”

“If those external conditions stabilise, we believe that the core business remains on a solid growth trajectory. India, in particular, continues to be a strong growth market,” he added.

Each business segment operates with a distinct strategy, and based on internal planning, the company believes achieving roughly 2.2 times growth over the next few years is feasible.

At the same time, Sharma viewed the revenue target as intentionally ambitious. “Setting a bold goal helps ensure that strategies are clearly defined, documented and communicated across the organisation so that teams understand exactly what must be done to achieve it,” he stated.

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Metso has announced the appointment of Jonathan Allen as its new Chief Growth Officer, effective 1 May 2026. In this role, he will oversee the Business Growth function, which includes Strategy, Mergers & Acquisitions, AI, Data & Analytics, Sustainability, Safety, Quality, Communications & Public Affairs, Marketing & Brand and Corporate Procurement. Allen will join the Metso Leadership Team and report directly to President and CEO Sami Takaluoma. He replaces Claudia Genin, who is set to leave the company by August 2026, as previously disclosed.

A longstanding member of the Metso team since 2005, Allen most recently served as Senior Vice President for the Grinding, Bulk, Pyro & Smelting business line and was also part of the Services business area leadership group. His career at Metso spans over two decades, during which he has held various leadership positions in both France and United States.

Allen holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Penn State University, US. His extensive operational and international experience within the company positions him well to lead Metso’s growth and strategic initiatives going forward.

Sami Takaluoma, President and CEO, Metso, said, “Jonathan’s extensive experience at Metso, a deep understanding of our industry and his proven leadership in business strategy execution and growth make him exceptionally well suited to lead our Business Growth function. I am confident that, under his guidance, we will continue to advance our ‘We go beyond.’ strategy and further strengthen Metso’s growth and success.”

Allen said, “Over the past two decades, I have witnessed our company’s remarkable progress, and I look forward to collaborating across our global teams to drive our strategy further and ensure that we continue to deliver exceptional value for our customers and stakeholders. Together, we will build on our strong foundation, accelerate our transformation and support Metso’s vision to be the industry leader.”

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PRINX CHENGSHAN has achieved another major milestone in its direct sales and original equipment business with the selection of its PRINX AQUILA PRO tyre as original equipment fitment for the NEVO Q05, a global high-volume model from Chang'an Qiyuan.  The pairing made a notable impact at the 47th Bangkok International Motor Show, where the vehicle’s appearance drew widespread international attention.

The PRINX brand, representing the mid-to-high-end segment under PRINX CHENGSHAN, centres its approach on using tangible technology to enhance mobility. The AQUILA PRO tyres delivered for Chang'an Qiyuan combine efficient braking enabled by advanced structural engineering with EU Class A rolling resistance and responsive handling. This performance profile directly supports Chang'an Qiyuan’s commitment to a superior all-around user experience, reinforcing a partnership aimed at building a refined mobility ecosystem.

The Bangkok exhibition also highlighted the growing market presence of PRINX across multiple platforms. Both the MG5 PRO Thai Version and the MG S5 EV Thai Version run on the AQUILA PRO tyres, gaining traction in Thailand through accessible pricing and strong technical capability. Separately, the Ora 5, an all-electric A-segment SUV, debuted globally in Bangkok equipped across its lineup with the PRINX XNEX SPORT EV tyres, underscoring its blend of design, intelligence and global readiness.

With a rapidly evolving global network encompassing two major R&D centres, four technology centres and three smart manufacturing bases, PRINX CHENGSHAN has steadily advanced its product innovation and direct sales channels. The company’s forward-looking strategy centres on a products plus services model, integrating quality manufacturing with full lifecycle support to drive green and intelligent mobility. Through close collaboration with partners, it seeks to foster sustainable industry development and bring the strengths of China’s intelligent manufacturing to a broader global audience.

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India’s tyre sector is moving into a steadier phase after cyclical tailwinds from GST-led formalisation and rural demand. Srikumar Krishnamurthy, Senior Vice-President and Co-Group Head, Corporate Ratings at ICRA, says replacement demand will continue to anchor growth in FY2027 even as original-equipment volumes soften. Premiumisation is lifting tyre makers’ realisations, though input volatility and competition cap pricing power. Export prospects are improving with new trade agreements, but regulatory risks and cost pressures persist as companies balance capex with discipline.

ICRA expects the Indian automotive sector’s wholesale growth to normalise in FY2027. How does this moderation in vehicle volumes translate into tyre demand across OEM and replacement channels?

The normalisation of wholesale volume growth in FY2027 follows a period of elevated growth in the second half of FY2026, which was driven largely by post-GST reform-led factors and favourable rural demand sentiments. The moderation in wholesale volume growth will consequently translate to a similar growth in OE segment. The aftermarket segment, however, will follow the inherent replacement cycle of different sub-segments and other fundamental factors.

Replacement demand currently anchors tyre industry growth. What level of growth do you expect in this segment going forward?

The replacement segment saw a robust growth in the last 4–5 months supported by the post effects of GST rate cuts and healthy rural demand following good monsoons and crop output. The current sentiments are favourable, with factors around economic activities, freight rate movement and farm output reflecting optimistic picture. The segment is likely to outperform the OE segment in FY2027 supported by inherent factors like replacement cycle, safety awareness and regulatory forces.

Premiumisation is evident in vehicles and tyres alike. How is the shift towards larger rim sizes, radialisation and higher-value products shaping revenue growth versus volume growth in FY2026–27?

A change in product mix has been observed in recent times. Rising preference for utility vehicles, premium bikes and electric vehicles have resulted in changes to the average selling price (ASP) of tyre makers. While these elongates the product replacement cycle over time, higher share of sales of large rim sizes and high-performance tyres results in premium pricing and value growth. That said, pricing pressure because of competition and movement in input prices restricts the premium to an extent, in certain segments.

What impact do you expect from the evolving trade agreements between India and United States, along with the proposed India-EU free trade deal, on tariffs for tyres produced and exported from India?

US and Germany are the top-two destinations for Indian tyre exports. Overall, tyre export volumes grew by around 10 percent in FY2025 and around eight percent in H1 FY2026. The recent signing of India-UK and India-EU deals is a positive as Indian tyres are increasingly getting exported to these regions in recent period, reflecting better acceptance. While the developments on India-US tariff-related aspects are a positive, stability in tariff reforms will be critical towards better visibility of exports.

With exporters pivoting towards Europe, Africa and Latin America, what competitive or regulatory barriers might Indian tyre makers face in these markets over the next 12–18 months?

The prospects of Indian exporters remain vulnerable to the regulatory actions and competitive forces. The US tariff-related developments have made tyre makers in

South-East Asia and China more competitive (as compared to India), although the changes in tariff rates is a positive development for Indian exporters. While a depreciating rupee was beneficial, the recent capping of RodTEP benefits is a negative impacting the competitiveness of Indian tyre makers.

Natural rubber prices have remained elevated and volatile. How do you expect raw-material cost trends to evolve in FY2027, and what does this imply for tyre company margins and pricing power?

Rubber prices largely track the demand-supply factors. The prices have largely been volatile in recent years and were affected by a relatively subdued consumption globally. While the supply will remain influenced by weather and other related factors, the global tyre demand is likely to be relatively better, thus keeping the prices firmer in the coming year.

Beyond rubber, inputs such as carbon black and crude-linked derivatives are cyclical as well. Are tyre manufacturers adequately positioned to manage input volatility through sourcing strategies or pass-through mechanisms?

To protect the margins, tyre makers have resorted to better production planning, maintaining optimal inventory and altering the sourcing strategies. That said, the earnings profile of tyre makers remains exposed to any sharp volatilities in input prices, especially replacements.

Industry capex has remained steady, focused on radial capacity and premium segments. Do you foresee a new investment cycle in FY2027–28, or will companies prioritise balance-sheet discipline amid demand normalisation?

The industry’s capex spends are estimated at 8–10 percent of revenues with sizeable investments towards expansions in passenger vehicles and trucks and bus tyres, along with continued focus on debottlenecking, maintenance and R&D activities.

Looking beyond demand and costs, what are the most significant structural challenges facing the Indian tyre sector over the next three to five years – technology shifts, sustainability mandates or global competition?

Multiple trends are emerging in the auto industry, like vehicle premiumisation, changing powertrain mix, fluctuation in adoption of EVs across different product segments etc. In this backdrop, and coupled with global geo-political uncertainties and climate changes, tyre makers face challenges around business strategies. Strengthening technological capabilities, investments in premium performance tyres, enhanced usage of AI for operations, streamlining supply chain activities and diversification are the likely key focus areas for Indian tyre makers.

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