Trinseo has announced that Han Hendriks, its Chief Technology and Sustainability Officer, has been accepted into the Forbes Technology Council, an invitation-only community for exceptional Chief Information Officers, Chief Technology Officers and technology executives.

Hendriks gets a broad platform to express his executive leadership on innovation and sustainability in the chemical sector as a Council member. As a Council member, he will work with reputable executives from a range of sectors and participate in Q&A panels with other experts. His knowledge in business will also be useful in guiding the creation of content for Forbes' website.

Hendriks said, “I am honoured to join the Forbes Technology Council, which will provide the platform to leverage my experience to drive meaningful discussions within our industry and beyond. Sustainability and innovation are intertwined, and technology is the vehicle that will help us take the next steps forward in closing the loop for today’s solutions. The Forbes Councils help build expertise and community amongst today’s technology and innovation leaders, and the conversations we have are critical to advancing sustainability in different dimensions.” 

Toyo Tire Corporation (Toyo Tire) has been awarded the ISCC PLUS certification for two of its plants in Japan, namely the Sendai plant (located in Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture), which is Toyo Tire’s main domestic tyre manufacturing site, and the Fukushima Rubber Co., Ltd. plant (located in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture), which is Toyo Tire’s manufacturing subsidiary.

By 2030, Toyo Tire wants to raise the proportion of sustainable raw materials in its products to 40 percent, and by 2050, it wants to reach 100 percent. In accordance with the mass balancing technique, the two certified factories are now able to handle certified raw materials. With an eye towards the future, Toyo Tire will keep steadily expanding its usage of certified sustainable raw materials.

Since Toyo Tire is conscious that every decision the company makes affects society and the future, reducing its negative effects on the environment is one of its top concerns. The company also wants to help create sustainable societies across the world. To increase business value, Toyo Tire will use this ISCC PLUS accreditation to strengthen its policies supporting decarbonisation and a circular economy.

Tyres, an essential yet often overlooked vehicle component, play a pivotal role in performance and safety. Since 2006, Jonathan Benson’s Tyre Reviews has been a trusted resource, offering independent, data-driven insights. Through his YouTube channel, with over 60 million views, and his website, Benson empowers consumers across Europe and the US to make informed tyre choices.

Tyres are as important as any other component in a vehicle, maybe even more. However, while selecting tyres, we seldom look towards deeper insights to derive which fits our needs best. Reviewing tyres before purchase is crucial for obtaining metrics that help derive optimum performance for any vehicle.

Jonathan Benson-led Tyre Reviews has been working since 2006 to help select tyres better. The automotive enthusiast offers actionable insights into the rubber wear through his YouTube Channel, which has over 60 million views, and his website, covering the European and US markets.

A tete-a-tete with the independent reviewer by Tyre Trends explored his aspirations and methodology. Speaking to us, he said, “It all started with a love for karting and automotive engineering. I was racing a bit when I was younger, but as I grew older and outgrew karting, I transitioned to track days with my first car, a hot hatchback fitted with the original Michelin Pilot Sport tyres. The pivotal moment came early in the 2000s during a routine tyre replacement. After burning through the front tyres at track days, a visit to the garage led to a new set of tyres different from the originals, but still Michelin. I turned the first corner and immediately noticed the difference. The disparity sparked a question as to why do tyres perform so differently, even within the same brand?”  

“It became clear that there was a gap in accessible, reliable tyre information. I decided I could fill it, and what began as a user-generated review site gradually grew, leveraging a blend of aggregated reviews and professional insights. Over the years, it transformed into a trusted authority, testing and reviewing tyres not just for personal consumption but for a global audience,” he added.  

Benson emphasised that tyres are not just rubber circles but a complex piece of engineering that influences vehicle handling, braking, comfort and overall performance. “A good tyre is a good tyre,” he asserts. “If you have a bad tyre on a BMW or a bad tyre on a Volvo, it’s still about the tyre.” With this statement, he shows how critical it is for drivers to understand their tyre's characteristics and performance capabilities. 

Reviewer’s tale

The journey into tyre testing, spanning nearly two decades, was described as enlightening, challenging and painstakingly slow. “It’s a niche within a vast industry, where immense volumes and revenues are influenced by a surprisingly small group of decision-makers. In the UK, particularly among premium manufacturers, the tyre sector is tightly knit with relatively few employees wielding significant sway over major markets,” averred Benson.

 

Reflecting on his early days, he noted that the path to collaboration with manufacturers was far from straightforward. Gaining trust from industry giants as an independent tester, equipped with little more than a website or a modest YouTube channel, required persistence. It was a grind marked by countless late nights and considerable risk including leaving a stable, well-paying job to pursue tyre testing full-time.

Success, as with many industries, did not come overnight. The groundwork laid by established outlets like Auto Bild and Auto Express in independent tyre testing provided a foundation.

He stated that the testing process itself is intricate, often dependent on manufacturers' co-operation. Conducting credible tests required access to proving grounds, facilities typically owned by tyre companies. Securing this access meant navigating a delicate balance – approaching manufacturers at the right time, often when a promising new product is on the horizon.

As for acquiring the tyres, methods vary. Sometimes they are purchased independently to ensure impartiality; other times, manufacturers submit specific patterns for evaluation. Following each test, a verification process is critical, which includes selecting random samples, including top-performing models, and comparing them against market-available versions to maintain transparency and credibility.

With approximately 40 to 50 tests conducted so far, Benson’s work underscores the meticulous, behind-the-scenes effort required to inform an industry and its consumers. Each test, from summer to winter tyres, represents a small step in demystifying an often-overlooked yet essential component of modern vehicles.

Testing the tyres

For a seasoned tyre tester like Benson, preparation has evolved into a minimalist approach. Initially marked by nerves and stress, the process has now become second nature.

The philosophy behind this approach stems from a commitment to impartiality. While the logistics of a test, such as the type and scope, are meticulously planned, Benson prefers not to know which specific tyres are being evaluated. "I don’t even want to see what’s being mounted. If I know a Michelin is going on, it could subconsciously influence my driving, no matter how neutral I try to remain,” he said.

Instead, tyres are assigned anonymised set numbers, ensuring that assessments of handling, comfort, noise and wet or dry performance are recorded without bias. The results are entirely based on what the he feels behind the wheel, unclouded by brand perceptions. 

However, maintaining impartiality isn’t always straightforward. In some scenarios, such as when conducting tests on a local track and personally changing tyres, complete anonymity isn’t possible. In these cases, professionalism and experience come into play. 

Brand inclusion in tests presents another challenge. While blind testing ensures unbiased results, the decision to include major players like Michelin, Continental and Goodyear is driven by audience interest. "If I tested six unknown brands, it wouldn’t resonate with viewers. People want to know how a new tyre stacks up against industry benchmarks like Michelin,” he noted.  

He also explained that the nature of tyre testing changes across regions. In Europe, strict environmental regulations prioritise rolling resistance and sustainability. In contrast, the US market focuses heavily on tread life. “The procedures might be similar, but the demands of each market make the tyres themselves entirely different,” said Benson.

Global outlook

Jonathan noted that there is an increasing interest from Asian manufacturers eager to showcase their advancements. “Companies like Triangle and Linglong are striving to improve quality and gain recognition," he said. However, the influx of low-quality, unregulated tyres from other manufacturers remains a challenge in the global market.

Furthermore, sustainability targets in Europe, particularly regarding rolling resistance and particulate matter, are putting pressure on top manufacturers. “It's tough to improve grip while meeting environmental goals," Benson observed. Despite promising innovations like Continental's dandelion rubber, he feels significant breakthroughs are still elusive.

Non-pneumatic tyres, a much-discussed concept, remain in developmental limbo. “They’re getting close, but they need a major technological leap before mass adoption,” he said, highlighting the delays from manufacturers in launching new products due to stringent performance targets.

Commenting on the demand for tyre reviews in markets such as India, he noted that he was not familiar with many tyre patterns used in such markets. Nonetheless, he remained optimistic about the global industry's ability to innovate under pressure. "The next few years will be fascinating to watch as manufacturers strive to balance performance, sustainability and regulatory challenges,” he said.

Road ahead

As the tyre industry embraces virtualisation and simulation, traditional roles are fading and independent testers like Benson face an uncertain future. "Manufacturers are increasingly relying on simulation in the early development stages, and this shift is reducing the demand for physical testing and leaving reviewers without renewals when roles become redundant,” he explained.

 “I don’t think what I’m doing will exist in 50 years. The decline in driving and shifting consumer priorities towards convenience and autonomy in vehicles have already reshaped how people engage with automotive content,” he added.

He has also begun offering private testing services to manufacturers during development cycles, striking a balance between commercial collaboration and independent content creation.

Now based in the US, Benson finds himself navigating a different market dynamic. “In Europe, independent tyre testing has a long tradition. The US market doesn’t have the same culture,” he observed, noting the added challenge of building trust and credibility with American manufacturers. 

For aspiring reviewers, he shared a realistic perspective, stating, “Starting now is tough. An engineering background and proximity to a proving ground are essential.”

Making a tyre is an extensive process that includes everything from formulation to testing. With the advancement in software-defined technology, tyre testing is increasing within a simulated environment. However, as real as the rubber wheel is, its testing in real-world environment stands as imminent in future course despite the current trend of simulation.

Alluding to this, Black Donuts Head of Tyre and Material Development Ilkka Lehtoranta told Tyre Trends, “Alongside the advanced laboratory equipment and various simulation methods, real-world tyre testing remains essential now and in the future. Physical testing in diverse conditions is critical for final evaluation and validation. Real-world tyre testing will continue to play a significant role moving forward. At Black Donuts, we offer comprehensive tyre testing services through our subsidiary, BD Testing. This company specialises in outdoor testing to ensure that products perform reliably in all environments.”

Commenting on the role of simulation in tyre development, he said, “Simulation plays a critical role in tyre development, offering a proven and essential part of the design process. One key type of simulation is finite element analysis (FEA), a mathematical method used to model and simulate physical phenomena. FEA is widely employed across industrial sectors including tyre manufacturing to predict and validate design performance before creating physical prototypes.”

“For tyre development, simulation tools provide significant advantages. By conducting design verification and validation virtually, companies can reduce the need to produce experimental tyre, which saves raw materials and minimises waste. This approach not only supports environmental goals but also accelerates the development timeline, allowing for faster iterations and refinements. Black Donuts integrates various simulation methods into its development process, heavily relying on the results to optimise designs,” he added.

Testing facilities

The Finnish company offers comprehensive tyre testing services with a primary focus on outdoor testing rather than indoor facilities. While indoor testing facilities are widely available globally, including in Europe, Asia, India and North America, Black Donuts has chosen to concentrate on outdoor testing. The company leverages the expertise of skilled test engineers and drivers, who understand the nuances of environmental and external factors, to deliver dependable testing outcomes. 

“We operate a proving ground in northern Sweden, where winter tyres are tested under snowy and icy conditions. Additionally, we have a testing centre in Finland’s Tampere region, which serves as a hub for evaluating tyre properties across a range of conditions. The facilities enable grip testing on ice, snow, wet and dry surfaces; noise testing for internal and external evaluations; handling and comfort assessments; aquaplaning analysis and tailored tests developed to meet specific customer needs,” informed Lehtoranta.

He mentioned that test drivers are central to Black Donuts' outdoor testing process as their expertise in assessing tyre behaviour is critical for validating designs and providing feedback to engineers. This collaboration ensures the test results are seamlessly integrated into the design and development process, allowing engineers to refine tyre properties based on real-world performance insights. 

Winter testing is conducted during the colder months to utilise natural snow and ice conditions. While the company does not have an indoor snow-testing facility, it makes use of local resources such as ice halls for ice-related evaluations. For summer tyres, the focus shifts to testing grip, handling and noise levels under both dry and wet conditions. 

In addition to testing during tyre development, Black Donuts supports homologation and certification processes. Through its subsidiary, BD Testing, the company provides accredited testing services and official test reports required for certifications by authorities. This includes European homologation tests for snow and ice performance, as well as specialised assessments such as road wear impact evaluations for studded tyres in Scandinavian markets. 

The company also conducts internal testing to collect data, monitor market trends and benchmark tyre performance. “This continuous research helps us to identify industry standards and emerging trends, ensuring that our tyre development projects remain innovative and competitive,” averred Lehtoranta.

Industry peek

Black Donuts provides end-to-end solutions for the global tyre industry, catering to both manufacturing and tyre research and development needs. Its services cover tyre design and production, materials research and development, making the company a comprehensive partner for tyre manufacturers globally. Whether supporting the establishment of new tyre plants, upgrading existing facilities or offering specific technical expertise, it has a broad portfolio of engineering and technological solutions. 

In production, Black Donuts assists manufacturers with everything from setting up greenfield projects to improving brownfield facilities. For existing manufacturing lines, the company conducts thorough audits to identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies and quality issues. The focus often includes increasing automation, enhancing productivity, reducing manufacturing costs, improving quality, minimising scrap and waste and even reducing tyre weight. These solutions are tailored to meet the specific demands of the client. 

For greenfield projects, it offers turnkey solutions. These include site selection support, plant layout design, architectural planning, defining machinery specifications, automation strategies and utility calculations. During the execution phase, an on-site engineering team supervises construction, machinery installation, commissioning and the ramp-up of production processes. The company also trains operators, troubleshoots quality issues and supports clients in improving efficiency. The level of post-production support is flexible with options for ongoing assistance tailored to the client's needs. 

Alluding to how the design and production process differ across regions, the executive said, “The design and production processes themselves are generally consistent across regions. However, automation levels may vary based on factors like labour costs and plant location. European facilities, for instance, often require higher automation levels due to higher manpower costs, though automation is increasingly being adopted in Asia as well. This trend has significantly reduced manpower requirements in tyre manufacturing globally, driven by advancements in automation technologies.”

Research and development

In tyre development, significant trends include the growing demand for sustainability, increased automation in production processes and evolving design needs tailored to regional and market-specific conditions. Tyre materials development is a subset of tyre development but is critical due to its role in addressing environmental and performance challenges. Black Donuts works on both these aspects, helping clients innovate while navigating changing demands in the tyre industry.

The push for sustainability is the most pressing challenge in tyre material development. There is an increasing emphasis on replacing fossil-based materials with sustainable alternatives like bio-based and recycled raw materials. Black Donuts plays a pivotal role in identifying and testing new materials available in the market, integrating them into tyre compounds and ensuring its compatibility with production processes.

In addition to working with existing materials, Black Donuts has initiated its own research and development efforts to explore innovative, out-of-the-box sustainable solutions. These include new bio-based raw materials currently under internal development, which are expected to be launched soon.

On the tyre development front, it offers comprehensive services for creating new tyre lines across segments like passenger car radial (PCR), truck and bus radial (TBR) and off-the-road (OTR) tyres. The designs cater to various markets including Europe, US, Asia and Africa, ensuring optimal performance under different environmental and regulatory conditions.

Customisation for specific client needs, whether summer or winter tyres, and adapting designs to suit regional preferences are also part of the company's everyday operations.

Competitive edge

The rapid evolution of technology, automation and sustainability trends demands agility and adaptability. Black Donuts maintains an active presence in the market, staying updated on global developments by leveraging its extensive partner network, including machinery and raw material suppliers, to gather insights and anticipate emerging trends.

Alluding how the company selects partners, the executive revealed, “The partner selection process is fundamental to delivering high-quality, innovative solutions. Many members of our team have decades of experience and longstanding relationships with suppliers, which provide a solid foundation for selecting trusted partners. Besides, there are several factors that are taken into account to source new partners.”

One of the most crucial factors in selecting partners is the technological capability. Black Donuts prioritises partners that offer cutting-edge technologies, which can add value to both the company and its customers. It also carefully evaluates the ability of potential partners to deliver machinery, raw materials and components as promised. Moreover, the company seeks partners who share values of sustainability.

While Black Donuts draws on its established relationships with trusted suppliers, the company remains proactive in sourcing new partners and exploring the latest advancements in technology and materials.

Sustainability

The executive noted that in the next five years, the proportion of renewable or bio-based materials in tyre production is expected to remain relatively modest. “Currently, aside from natural rubber, which makes up around 20 percent of tyre materials, the use of other renewable materials is almost negligible. While the industry faces challenges in sourcing and incorporating bio-based and recycled raw materials, it is estimated that within five years, the share of such materials could reach 30-35 percent of the total tyre content,” said Lehtoranta.

Alluding to industry goals of incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres by 2050, he noted, “Incorporating 100 percent renewable materials in tyres is possible, but it will require collective action across the entire industry. All stakeholders must align and collaborate towards this common goal. Many mid-sized and smaller companies may struggle with this transition on its own, which is where industry partners can offer valuable support. This is also why companies are increasingly focusing on researching and developing new bio-based raw materials in order to expand the availability of these alternatives in the market. However, scaling these innovations to a commercial level remains a challenge as many promising ideas have not yet been fully realised on a large scale,” informed the official.

He also noted that achieving sustainability in tyre production will undoubtedly require significant investment. A key challenge is that sustainable raw materials are currently more expensive than conventional alternatives. Unfortunately, many end consumers are not yet willing to pay a premium for tyres made with sustainable materials.

Market presence

Black Donuts has a presence on all continents. “We have a strong market footprint, serving a wide range of regions. For instance, of the 25 largest tyre manufacturers, 20 have been or are currently our customers. We also have upcoming projects across Europe, Asia, North America, South America and Africa, highlighting our global reach and ongoing expansion,” said Lehtoranta.

He added, “In terms of revenue, our biggest business segment revolves around providing end-to-end solutions for tyre plants including services related to tyre factory setup and operations. This is the largest segment in terms of financial impact. Additionally, tyre and material development is another major part of our business contributing significantly to our overall revenue.”

North America is one of its largest markets, followed by Europe and Asia, though revenue distribution can vary year by year due to the nature of projects.

He also noted that regulations play a crucial role in driving the business. The regulation concerning studded tyres, for instance, which has been important in the European market. Winter tyre regulations, particularly the requirement for the snowflake symbol on tyres, are also significant, especially in Nordic countries.

Additionally, a newer regulation being prepared by the European Commission concerning tyre abrasion, which is becoming a more prominent issue due to sustainability concerns, is also slated to drive business.

Commenting on the same, the executive said, “Tyre abrasion, especially concerning microplastic emissions, has gained attention in Europe as tyres are recognised as a major contributor to microplastic pollution. The industry and authorities are now focusing on reducing this issue by improving tyre wear properties. The goal is to ensure that tyres generate less microplastic per kilometre driven. This is particularly relevant in regions with snowy and icy roads, where tyre performance and durability are critical.”

Furthermore, he highlighted that the difference between snow and ice significantly impacts tyre performance. Ice presents much lower friction than snow, which is why ice poses a more challenging driving condition. Tyres perform worse on ice, resulting in longer stopping distances. In regions with icy roads, like the Nordic countries, manufacturers often use studs to enhance grip on ice, improving safety by reducing braking distances.

Expansion and demand

The executive mentioned that the company is expanding in the Asian and North American markets. “While winter tyres are a big demand in these regions, it's important to note that winter tyre usage varies by region. In China, for example, there is a significant demand for winter tyres, particularly in colder regions, and Japan has a large market for them as well, with regulations encouraging its use. North America, especially in regions with harsh winters, also has a strong market for winter tyres,” said Lehtoranta.

“Despite the slowdown in the European market and concerns about the US market, we still see North America as a strong growth area for us. We haven't noticed any significant slowdown in our business there and the market remains promising. However, we also see great potential in Africa, where we are seeing a lot of investment activity,” he added.

Answering what factors led the company to explore avenues in Africa, he said, “Several factors are driving the growth potential in Africa. Currently, there is little local tyre manufacturing in the region and many countries are looking to establish local industries to boost the economies and create jobs. Additionally, Africa has significant natural resources including natural rubber and oil, which can be used to produce synthetic rubbers and other raw materials needed for tyre manufacturing. Local production would enable companies to add value by refining these raw materials into finished products like tyres, creating a more sustainable and profitable cycle.”

Commenting on future plans, he said, “Our focus will be on the entire tyre lifecycle, from raw materials to production, performance and ultimately, the end of life of the tyres. We are working on developing solutions that handle tyre disposal and recycling with the goal of creating a fully sustainable tyre manufacturing process. This approach would ensure that our products and services are environmentally friendly throughout the entire supply chain.”

Industry challenges

Tyre manufacturing factories often encounter several challenges when setting up greenfield and brownfield projects. One of the primary challenges is managing the project’s schedule and budget, ensuring that the project stays on track and within financial constraints. Another critical aspect is reaching the targeted capacity for the plant, which can be challenging given the complexities of large-scale projects.

Additionally, there are technological hurdles that the company must overcome, especially in terms of innovation and research. Developing new technologies and sustainable solutions for the industry is not an easy task and requires a long-term commitment.

In terms of business challenges, the company is focused on technological innovation and research. Developing cutting-edge technologies and creating sustainable solutions for tyre manufacturing is a key priority. However, this process is often time-consuming and requires significant effort.  This is where Black Donuts’ know-how and cutting-edge solutions come into play. The company is currently focused on pushing the boundaries of what is possible within the tyre industry, particularly regarding sustainability.

Regarding operations in India, the company is in the early stages of its expansion. Although it does not have a physical office in India yet, it has begun operations under the leadership of a technical director. The goal is to develop the business in India and gradually establish a technical centre that will focus on tyre simulation and other technical areas of tyre development.

The Chinese market is another area of focus. While it is not the largest market for the company, it remains an important one, with ongoing projects and customers in China. The company recognises that China is a significant player in the global tyre industry, and it continues to engage with the market, even though it is not the biggest revenue driver.

Additionally, the company is observing a trend where manufacturing is returning from Asia to local markets, a shift that began before the pandemic and has been accelerated by it. This trend is visible in regions like Africa, North America and Europe, where companies are establishing local production to mitigate supply chain issues and reduce reliance on distant markets. This shift represents a significant opportunity for the company to expand its operations and grow its presence in these regions.

What does ‘Tyre Labelling’ guarantee? It shows schematically the classification of tyres in terms of fuel consumption, noise and wet performance. The tyre manufacturer is obliged to demonstrate the values ​​indicated on the label in tests carried out in accordance with the test method described in EU regulations. This essentially means that the performance parameters of the tyres in question are at least exactly at this level or above the positive side of the limit scale, but only when the tyres are new, i.e. at the beginning of tyre installation. It is technically expected that the stated performance values ​​will not change until the end of the first 10,000 kilometres or until wear of approximately 1.5 mm occurs.

Who knows what the actual grading of tyres will be after the second 10,000 kilometres or at 3 mm down wear stage? No one can correctly estimate what the wet noise and traction will be after most of the mini-kerf or notches are eliminated or reduced, but only when the tyre is tested it can be monitored. Or if the tyre's grooves are completely ‘V’ type, and after a period of time the tyre's traction forces change significantly, then rolling resistance and wet braking behaviour will become significantly different.

The performance level of worn tyres might be therefore quite uncertain and must be taken into account on a legal basis. The wet performance of worn tyres will be a check point for ‘wet grip class’ grading on EU Tyre label after 1st July of 2024, which is in line with the demand of tyre industry parties asking more sustainability.  Thanks to the introduction of a new EU regulation R117-04, tyres sold in EU distribution channels meet the same minimum wet braking performance requirements not only when new but also when worn down to the legal minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm.

EU is the most sensitive and advanced market to sustainability in the world. It is driven at any time by the increasingly aspiring regulatory agenda and there is always a constant development in this respect. Requirements of consumers or the automotive industry are more demanding by a more conscious society. Tyres’ life cycle contributing to a more sustainable future proactively identifies and addresses the potential human health and environmental impacts associated with the industry. Therefore, safer and more environmentally sound mobility options are always geared towards resource conservation and fuel economy amongst the focus points of innovations.

 

Thanks to the introduction of a new EU regulation R117-04, tyres sold in EU distribution channels meet the same minimum wet braking performance requirements not only when new but also when worn down to the legal minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm. They must therefore be tested both as new and as worn tyres before receiving the 'wet grade’ on the label. This means that EU drivers can now buy safer tyres that meet the legal minimum standards for wet braking performance, even when worn down to the legal minimum tread depth.

As a weak point of R117-04 regulation, it only covers wet braking of new and worn-out tyres. It does not cover ‘noise’ and ‘rolling resistance’ items given on labelling or more simply endurance performance level of especially cheap tyres in the market with a 1.6 mm tread depth assuming they will not change!

Informal wet braking tests conducted by ETRTO show that the wear rate of group ‘C1’ tyres can decrease by up to 50 percent, while the loss rate of group ‘C2’ and ‘C3’ tyres remain in 10 percent. The new regulation R117-04 therefore does not apply to group ‘C2’ and ‘C3’ tyres, as they normally have a greater tread depth and it is assumed that the level of wet braking does not change during the wear phase. However, since group ‘C1’ tyres have a smaller tread depth, it is assumed that their contact patch is more subject to negative changes, so that the wet braking performance also changes more after use. 

As a weak point of R117-04 regulation, it only covers wet braking of new and worn-out tyres. It does not cover ‘noise’ and ‘rolling resistance’ items given on labelling or more simply endurance performance level of especially cheap tyres in the market with a 1.6 mm tread depth assuming they will not change!

The new R117-04 regulation may mainly be considered as sustainability issue rather than total safety. It promotes tyre usage until defined min tread depth creating a room to consumers to trust the tyres above minimum tread depth level. However, it should still be positively considered a step forward to the worn tyres’ safety regulation. It accepts that wet braking level of worn tyres are more critical and important safety issue and should be regulated. By the way, consumers may use their tyres in longer stage, giving a contribution to a greener world.

The transparency provided by the new regulation, which came into force on 2024 July, is even more essential, as some performances deteriorate over time, especially in terms of safety. R117-04 in this term guarantees enhanced safety, better respect for the environment and the protection of motorists’ purchasing power. 

Common consumer behaviour shows that 50 percent of car tyres are demounted before reaching a residual depth of 3 mm and replaced with a new set of tyres.

Michelin has studied the safety margin of used tyres since 2018 and has stressed the importance of tyres to be used until 1.6 mm remaining tread depth. The best way was to test worn tyres because it can easily reflect the real risks a driver can face on the road. During the study, the results were surprisingly varied. It was shown that some worn tyres performed better than new tyres when braking on wet roads. This was exactly what Michelin has been saying for a long time. The performance of different tyre brands also varies considerably.

Common consumer behaviour shows that 50 percent of car tyres are demounted before reaching a residual depth of 3 mm and replaced with a new set. In global scale, this makes around 400 million tyres are prematurely scraped every year. A quarter of this amount, or almost 100 million tyres, would save at least 6 million tonnes of CO2 instead of reproducing it. The implementation of this regulation will certainly have an impact on the demand for new tyres in Europe.

R117-04 presently focus mainly on only tread depth attribute, while aspects such as ageing or rubber structural integrity degradation remain outside the scope of this amendment.

In addition, in the hope that higher performance requirements will not result in higher costs for consumers, the changes are designed to encourage consumers to continue using sustainable tyres instead. Once drivers are confident in their tyres, they will drive to a tread depth of 1.6 mm, potentially saving EUR 6 billion a year by not complying with proposals to reduce tread depth to less than 3 mm.

R117-04 presently focuses mainly on tread depth attribute, while aspects such as ageing or rubber structural integrity degradation remain outside the scope of this amendment. We also mentioned some additional weak points above. However, imposing these standards, will increase the driver’s awareness for worn tyres performance limits and let them to make more informed decisions when purchasing tyres.

On the other hand, understanding the ‘NEW AND WORN PHASE TESTS CONCEPT’ will become the standard mentality of the customer, who will be able to assess the attitude towards the initial performance of the tyres, which may change over time, but should not! The new challenge will be to weed out products that are not gripping in the wet when worn and have not met these expectations for years..!