India’s tyre recycling sector, long plagued by fragmented operations and lax compliance, is undergoing a critical overhaul. With Gujarat’s recent approval for continuous pyrolysis plants, the industry is moving decisively towards cleaner, scalable and regulation-driven solutions. This shift signals more than a technological upgrade and it’s a rebuke of outdated batch systems and a call for formalisation, traceability and environmental accountability. As global demand for sustainable materials rises, India’s pivot positions it as a potential leader in circular economy practices. In conversation with TRRAI President Chetan Joshi, we explore how this development could redefine the future of tyre waste management at home and abroad.

India’s tyre recycling sector is on the cusp of a transformational shift with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) approving the establishment of continuous pyrolysis plants in the state. The move marks a significant departure from traditional batch-based tyre processing systems, promising to boost efficiency, environmental compliance and resource recovery at an industrial scale.

“This shift is nothing short of revolutionary,” said President of the Tyre and Rubber Recyclers Association of India (TRRAI) Chetan Joshi. “We’re moving from outdated, fragmented batch operations to streamlined, automated continuous pyrolysis systems. This is going to uplift the entire industry, from cleaner emissions to higher resource recovery, better traceability and serious investor interest. It sets a new national standard and will accelerate formalisation, industrial-scale operations and a far more sustainable approach across India.”

The approval has been met with optimism by recyclers and environmental advocates alike as it signifies a structural change in how end-of-life tyres will be handled in India, which is home to more than 1.8 million tonnes of tyre waste annually.

The Gujarat model mandates stringent adherence to environmental standards, particularly concerning air quality and emissions. Continuous pyrolysis plants approved under the new framework are required to incorporate top-tier pollution control mechanisms.

“We see compliance not as an obligation but as a core design principle. Our plants are being built with advanced air pollution control devices (APCDs), real-time emissions monitoring and automation that ensures consistent performance. We’re aligning with both GPCB and CPCB regulations through pro-active design, third-party audits and integrating global best practices. It’s not just about meeting today’s standards but staying ahead of tomorrow’s,” said Joshi.

The approach reflects a broader shift in the recycling sector, where regulatory compliance is no longer viewed as a hurdle but as a strategic advantage and market differentiator.

Industrial scale

Under the new directive, each continuous pyrolysis facility must operate at a minimum capacity of 60 tonnes per day (TPD). This scale reflects the government’s push to industrialise tyre recycling and eliminate inefficient, informal practices.

“Scaling to 60 TPD is a serious industrial commitment and it means heavy investment in automation, utilities, safety systems and logistics. But it’s also the only way forward. India generates over 1.8 million tonnes of end-of-life tyres annually. This scale allows us to handle the problem responsibly while creating traceable and economically viable recycling ecosystems,” Joshi said.

With India’s growing automotive base, the urgency to develop sustainable, high-capacity recycling infrastructure has never been higher.

One of the key advantages of continuous pyrolysis lies in its outputs that include valuable petrochemical byproducts like pyrolysis oil, sustainable fuels and recovered carbon black (rCB). These materials are increasingly in demand across a range of industries, from rubber manufacturing to renewable energy.

“These by-products are entering a new phase of global relevance. Recovered carbon black is being adopted in rubber, plastics and even pigments. Pyro oil, when upgraded, is a viable alternative fuel. We’re actively engaging with global buyers and certifiers to standardise and integrate these outputs into international supply chains. The world is ready for sustainable alternatives and it’s up to us to deliver with consistency and quality,” averred Joshi.

India’s entry into this global supply chain positions it not just as a recycler of waste but as a producer of sustainable industrial materials.

Circular economy

TRRAI views this milestone as more than an environmental success. It’s a step towards realising India’s vision of a circular economy, where tyre waste is fully reintegrated into the production cycle.

“We aim to be more than recyclers. We want to be circular economy enablers. That means building systems where tyre waste is traceable from collection to output, where value is recovered and re-injected into the economy. We’re developing collection infrastructure, digital traceability and offtake agreements with industries globally. This is not just about waste; it’s about resource optimisation and environmental stewardship,” Joshi explained.

Such a shift could significantly reduce the country’s carbon footprint while fostering job creation and industrial growth.

Despite the enthusiasm, industry leaders acknowledge that challenges remain, particularly in terms of adoption among legacy operators and infrastructure gaps.

“The biggest challenge is inertia as many operators are still working in the unorganised sector with outdated setups. Then there’s infrastructure as a hurdle as tyre collection networks are underdeveloped in many parts of India. To overcome this, we’re advocating policy changes, investing in reverse logistics and training the workforce. Regulatory clarity and enforcement will be key and we’re working closely with industry associations and government bodies to drive this,” said Joshi.

Stakeholders believe that education, investment and enforcement will be pivotal to ensuring widespread transition to continuous pyrolysis systems.

Global trends

Globally, countries like those in Europe and North America have already adopted advanced tyre recycling technologies. But Joshi believes India has a unique opportunity to leapfrog older systems and build world-class facilities from scratch.

“Europe and North America have a head start, especially in policy frameworks and end-use applications. But India’s opportunity lies in scale and adaptability. We can leapfrog legacy systems and build efficient, tech-driven plants from the ground up. If we get the ecosystem right – collection, compliance and capital – we can set new benchmarks, not just catch up. India could become a global hub for tyre recycling technology,” he said.

The industry’s fast pace of development combined with India’s manufacturing and engineering capabilities could make the country a case study in sustainable industrial transformation.

Innovations in emission reduction

In line with global best practices, TRRAI and its partners are integrating innovations to ensure safety and minimal environmental impact.

“We’re integrating closed-loop systems, AI-driven control logic and multi-stage gas cleaning technology. Real-time emissions data will be available both internally and to regulators. Safety protocols are built into every operational layer, from material feeding to shutdown procedures. We’ve also prioritised workforce training and regular third-party safety audits. The goal is to operate with zero compromise on health or the environment,” Joshi explained.

Such innovations are crucial not only to maintaining regulatory compliance but also to building public and investor confidence.

The entry of advanced technologies is expected to catalyse foreign investment and technical collaboration.

“Our approach is partnership-driven. We’re already working with European and Australian technology providers and are in discussions with institutional investors. We see India as a platform for co-creation, where global IP meets local scale and agility. Through industry associations like TRRAI, we’re building collaborative networks to ensure knowledge sharing, investment facilitation and joint innovation,” Joshi noted.

This strategy could help India become a global innovation hub for recycling technologies applicable across other emerging markets.

The vision

Looking to the long term, the industry’s goals extend far beyond domestic waste management. TRRAI envisions exporting its model to developing nations facing similar challenges.

“Our vision is bold but simple. It is to create a fully circular, scalable and replicable tyre recycling ecosystem. India should not only solve its own tyre waste crisis but become a global model for how emerging markets can tackle resource recovery. We see this model being exported to Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. With continuous pyrolysis, India can move from reactive recycling to proactive resource management on a global stage,” Joshi concluded.

As Gujarat lights the way with its approval of continuous pyrolysis plants, India’s tyre recycling sector is poised to become a beacon of innovation and sustainability – one that could shape the future of global recycling practices. n

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The Government of Kerala has approved the twelfth phase of the Rubber Production Incentive Scheme, extending support to natural rubber growers through a guaranteed price mechanism.

The scheme is designed to ensure a price of INR 250 per kilogram for RSS 4 grade sheet rubber. Growers who are not yet enrolled may register for the programme until 23 October 2026, according to an official statement issued on 6 August in Kottayam.

Applicants seeking new registration must submit an Aadhaar card, bank passbook copy, current year land tax receipt and a photograph to their respective Rubber Producers’ Societies. Existing participants are required to renew their registration by providing land tax receipts for the 2026–27 period.

The release added that sale invoices or purchase bills submitted under the scheme must originate from licensed dealers who comply with statutory return requirements. Further details are available through the nearest Rubber Board office.

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The Rubber Board of India has launched a series of educational videos as part of the iSPEED (INROAD Skilling and Production Efficiency Enhancement Drive) programme, an INR 1.50-billion initiative aimed at enhancing skill development, quality improvement and infrastructure building within the natural rubber sector. This launch comes as the plantation activities under the larger Project INROAD (Indian Natural Rubber Operations for Assisted Development) in Northeast India approach completion, shifting focus towards productivity and quality enhancement through modern training and facilities.

The newly released video series targets nearly 300,000 rubber growers in the region, covering five essential processing areas: Rubber Tapping, Rain Guarding, Grading, Rubber Sheet Making and Scientific Smokehouses. To ensure broad accessibility, the modules have been produced in Assamese, Bengali, Hindi and Malayalam, enabling effective communication with diverse stakeholders across the natural rubber ecosystem.

The official release of the videos was conducted by Executive Director M Vasanthagesan, alongside Rubber Production Commissioner Dr Siju T Nair, other senior Board officials and representatives from the Indian tyre industry. Developed over the past year with technical assistance from the Rubber Board and the Rubber Research Institute of India, the educational content combines animation with real-life field demonstrations to simplify complex scientific practices for easy adoption.

Project INROAD represents a unique collaboration between the Indian tyre industry and the Rubber Board, with support from Apollo Tyres, CEAT, JK Tyre and MRF. Over the last five years, this partnership has facilitated new rubber plantations across approximately 180,000 hectares in 113 districts of Northeast India, establishing it as the country’s largest plantation development programme of its kind.

Mohan Kurian, Chairman, INROAD Project, said, "Skill development and adoption of scientific practices are essential for improving both productivity and quality in the natural rubber sector. These multilingual videos will serve as an effective training resource for growers and complement the Rubber Board's ongoing extension efforts across the country.”

Sanjiv Saxena, Convener, ATMA Supply Chain & Resources (SCR) Group, said, "The objective of the participating member companies under INROAD is to ensure that rubber growers benefit the most from a stronger natural rubber value chain. By improving productivity and quality, we aim to help farmers realise better returns while strengthening the sustainability of the entire ecosystem."

Muraligopal, who played a key role in coordinating the development of the videos, said, "These videos are the result of close collaboration with the Rubber Board, RRII and field teams across the Northeast. Their guidance and support helped us develop practical, farmer-friendly training modules based on scientific best practices."

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Zeon Corporation has finalised the construction of a new bench-scale facility at its Tokuyama Plant in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, dedicated to advancing the efficient production of butadiene from sustainable ethanol sources. The project, which broke ground in July 2025, represents a strategic move to establish a naphtha-independent raw material supply chain, thereby bolstering both corporate sustainability and the broader transition towards a carbon-neutral society. The facility is slated to commence full-scale operations in January 2027, with the ultimate goal of achieving commercial viability by 2034.

A commemorative ceremony took place at the plant site on 31 July 2026, drawing a total of 46 attendees. The gathering included official representatives from Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and local governmental bodies from Yamaguchi Prefecture and Shunan City. Also present were delegates from the Yokohama Rubber Company, the construction contractor and various affiliated firms, alongside Zeon’s leadership, including Akira Honma, the Corporate Officer and Tokuyama Plant Manager.

This initiative forms one half of a dual-themed research and development programme undertaken in partnership with Yokohama Rubber, under the auspices of NEDO’s Green Innovation Fund. The collaborative effort is focused on the social implementation of technologies for synthesising both butadiene and isoprene from renewable biological materials by the 2030s. As part of this process, Zeon is set to produce a prototype polybutadiene rubber using the output from the new bench-scale facility, while Yokohama Rubber will subsequently manufacture test tyres from this material and conduct performance evaluations on test tracks.

Both companies have outlined a clear roadmap, intending to finalise the core technology for societal deployment by 2030 through the operation of a larger pilot plant, with full-scale commercialisation targeted for 2034. The bench-scale facility is a critical precursor in this phased approach, providing essential data for the scale-up process.

The broader project encompasses two selected NEDO themes, both subsidised through the Green Innovation Fund. The first involves the highly efficient synthesis of butadiene from ethanol, with technical cooperation from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The second focuses on biotechnological pathways to directly produce butadiene and isoprene from plant-based materials, involving partnerships with the Institute of Science Tokyo and RIKEN. Both tracks aim to supplement synthetic rubber feedstocks and support closed-loop recycling, aligning with Japan’s 2050 net-zero emissions goal by fostering long-term industrial innovation.

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The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) has released its Monthly Natural Rubber Statistical Report for June 2026, a month defined by price resilience amid conflicting market forces. The provisional reopening of the Strait of Hormuz triggered a sharp 20.29 percent drop in Brent crude oil prices to USD 85.40 per barrel. However, this bearish signal was counterbalanced by persistent supply constraints from El Niño-related weather disruptions across major producing regions.

Physical rubber prices posted broad-based gains across most grades. SMR-20 rose 1.39 percent to USD 2.32 per kilogramme, while STR-20 gained 2.61 percent to USD 2.55 per kilogramme. RSS-3 and RSS-4 advanced 4.98 percent and 5.88 percent to USD 3.09 and USD 2.84 per kilogramme, respectively, though latex eased 1.44 percent to USD 1.94 per kilogramme. On the trade front, China's imports surged 7.14 percent month-on-month, while India and Viet Nam declined. Export growth was recorded for Cambodia, Viet Nam and Indonesia, though Thai shipments contracted.

Global production for 2026 is projected at 15.310 million tonnes, up 2.3 percent from 2025, driven by gains in Thailand, China, India and Malaysia. However, June output fell 3.7 percent year-on-year to 1.207 million tonnes due to seasonal wintering and El Niño-related weather disruptions. Malaysia, Indonesia and Cambodia have introduced new incentive and governance measures to strengthen their sectors. Global consumption is forecast to grow 0.7 percent to 15.411 million tonnes in 2026, with June consumption rising 3.3 percent to 1.300 million tonnes, led by China and India amid steady tyre and EV-related demand.

Currency markets saw the Malaysian ringgit trade between RM3.96 and RM4.08 against the US dollar, while the Thai baht ranged from 32.56 to 33.24. In futures trading, the SHFE September 2026 contract averaged 17,580.68 CNY per tonne, down 0.45 percent month-on-month, while the SGX September contract averaged USD 2.24 per kilogramme, up 1.75 percent, with both reflecting tightening supply and firm downstream demand.

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