It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Continental has been working closely with the Collard Group in southern England to enhance both the efficiency and safety of its fleet through the ContiLifeCycle concept. The Collard Group, a family-owned business established in 1994, is a key player in construction, recycling and waste management, employing around 450 people. Its fleet of over 150 specialist vehicles operates in tough environments such as quarries and construction sites, often navigating uneven terrain littered with debris like sharp stones and broken glass.

Within two years of implementing Continental’s ContiLifeCycle strategy – particularly the introduction of hot-retreaded premium tyres – the company achieved a 50 percent drop in tyre-related breakdowns. Transport Manager Lee Troddyn highlights the Bandvulc BIG D tyre as especially impactful, noting its robust tread design and stone-ejection capabilities are well-suited to demanding operational conditions. This has led to less unplanned downtime and greater vehicle availability.

The ContiLifeCycle concept focuses on industrial hot retreading, which allows durable tyre casings to be reused for multiple service lives. This approach not only maintains performance levels comparable to new tyres but also supports sustainability by lowering material consumption and reducing the energy typically required to manufacture brand-new tyres. Troddyn confirms that retreaded tyres have played a direct role in the notable decrease in punctures over the past two years.

Beyond the products themselves, the partnership thrives on strong technical support. Troddyn values the expert guidance from Continental’s team, whether through the convenient online portal or personalised advice on tyre selection, wear monitoring and lifespan optimisation. Paul Adams, Continental’s Account Manager, emphasises the company’s pride in supporting a customer committed to safety, reliability and long-term efficiency.

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Michelin has marked a significant advancement in aircraft tyre technology with the introduction of the Air X Sky Light, developed specifically for Dassault Aviation's new Falcon 10X business jet. This tyre is the culmination of extensive research, rigorous testing and a deep industrial partnership between the two companies.

First revealed at the 2023 Paris Air Show, the Air X Sky Light represents a new generation of aircraft tyre engineered to meet the pressing demands of modern aviation. Its core objectives are to reduce weight, increase durability, improve operational efficiency and directly support the industry's decarbonisation efforts. By employing a novel radial construction, the tyre achieves a significant weight reduction of 10 to 20 percent compared to its predecessors while simultaneously extending its service life by an equal margin. This reduction in weight is a critical factor in aviation, leading to lower fuel consumption, decreased CO₂ emissions and reduced operational costs.

The tyre's enhanced performance is derived from an optimised tread footprint and summit geometry, combined with ultra-high-strength materials in the carcass and next-generation hybrid cords. In its design process, Michelin integrates a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment to minimise environmental impact from raw material extraction to the product's end of life. This commitment to a circular economy and responsible performance includes a growing use of renewable and recycled materials, supporting the group's ambition to utilise 100 percent sustainable materials by 2050.

The development of the Air X Sky Light is rooted in a collaborative relationship with Dassault Aviation spanning over four decades, a history that includes equipping aircraft from the Mirage III to the present day. Initial conversations regarding this tyre began in 2019, and since its showcase in 2023, Michelin has engaged in continuous refinement to meet the stringent demands of the aviation sector. These demands include withstanding extreme loads, high speeds and severe mechanical and thermal stresses.

The version created for the Falcon 10X is the first in a planned family of Air X Sky Light tyres, with future sizes intended for the broader commercial aviation market. This expansion will encompass both new aircraft programmes and retrofit options for existing fleets, with each new size undergoing rigorous certification processes. By delivering this breakthrough innovation as a practical, industry-ready solution, Michelin reinforces its five-decade legacy of supporting all sectors of aviation and shaping the future of aerospace.

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BKT Tyres has launched a nationwide campaign featuring Ranveer Singh to mark its entry into India’s on-highway consumer tyre segment, a market dominated by established domestic and global players.

The television-led multimedia campaign, titled “Elevate Your Drive,” introduces the company’s consumer positioning as it expands beyond its traditional strength in off-highway tyres used in agriculture, construction and industrial applications.

The campaign is built around the idea that ambition often stalls due to uncertainty and that confidence can help individuals push forward. BKT seeks to align its brand with that narrative, positioning its tyres as enabling progress and reliability for everyday drivers.

In the campaign film, Singh appears as himself, delivering a voiceover that links stories of people striving to move from ordinary circumstances to higher aspirations. The narrative focuses on ambition and forward momentum, themes the company hopes will resonate with India’s growing base of vehicle owners.

The campaign also introduces a new sonic identity for BKT, aimed at strengthening brand recall across television, digital and other multimedia platforms.

The move comes as BKT broadens its presence in the domestic market and targets growth in India’s on-highway tyre segment, which includes products for two-wheelers and commercial vehicles. The marketing push signals the company’s intent to build consumer recognition as it diversifies beyond its core off-highway tyre business.

Commenting on the launch, Mahesh Koppad, Chief Marketing Officer - India, BKT, said, “With ‘Elevate Your Drive’, we are positioning BKT Tyres for Indian consumers and our channel partners with a clear and meaningful purpose. Mobility, for us, is about empowering progress in a market where consumers seek reliability, performance, and meaning from the brands they choose. Our consumers expressed how journeys are about moving ahead in life, yet uncertainties often hold us back. At BKT Tyres, our ambition is to enable every Indian vehicle owner’s desire to move forward with confidence. Our commitment is to build an enduring brand and deliver best‑in‑class products that uphold the performance, trust, and innovation that is synonymous with BKT globally. ‘Elevate Your Drive’ isn’t just a campaign line, it is the guiding principle shaping our consumer‑focused initiatives. The campaign will be deployed through a high‑reach media mix to maximize awareness and drive strong early adoption.”

Avik Chattopadhyay, Co-founder, Expereal added, “The best way for an Off‑highway specialist brand to enter the consumer segment is to adopt a deeply customer‑centric approach to purpose, promise, and positioning. BKT Tyres aims to enhance every vehicle owner’s progress and driving delight by building an ecosystem that empowers individuals to move forward with confidence.”

Commenting on the same Creative Chairman Infectious Ramanuj Shastry said, “The journey from good to better is one that never ends. While for some, victory is the ultimate destination, for the truly great, it is but a pitstop. BKT Tyres makes sure that when the human spirit is raring to keep going further, the roads don’t hold it back.”

The campaign was conceptualised and executed by Infectious Advertising, which crafted a compelling human story around BKT Tyres’ engineering strength. The film was produced in collaboration with Mangata Films and Prachar Communications, bringing the campaign’s vision to life, while Expereal co-created the brand strategy for India.

Watch the entire video @ https://youtu.be/GwdnMogVAbc?si=ca0MIRoh3WOjqSE1

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Hankook Tire, the official tyre supplier to the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC), has confirmed that the 2026 WRC Safari Rally Kenya is scheduled for 12 to 15 March 2026 near Naivasha. This event is recognised as one of the most punishing off-road challenges in the series, set against the backdrop of the demanding African savanna. For this rally, Hankook introduced the new Dynapro R213 soft gravel tyre, featuring an optimised compound for better low-temperature flexibility and superior grip on wet surfaces, while its adaptable structure ensures consistent durability under severe conditions.

Departing from its customary Nairobi start, this year’s competition will concentrate entirely on the harsh gravel terrain surrounding Lake Naivasha in the Great Rift Valley. Drivers will need to quickly adjust to newly designed, high-intensity stages and refine their race tactics from the very beginning. Spanning four days, the rally consists of 20 Special Stages covering roughly 350.52 kilometres. Competitors will encounter a treacherous mix of deep sand, sharp rocks, expansive savanna sections and the infamous fine ‘fesh-fesh’ dust, all compounded by swiftly shifting weather. In this unpredictable environment, tyre resilience, grip and handling stability are paramount to performance.

The Safari Rally consistently draws significant global motorsport attention. Since its return to the WRC calendar in 2021, the Toyota GAZOO Racing World Rally Team has achieved five consecutive victories at this event. Nevertheless, strong challenges are anticipated from both the Hyundai Shell Mobis World Rally Team and the M-Sport Ford World Rally Team, promising a fierce contest for the win.

Since taking over as the exclusive tyre supplier for all WRC classes in 2025, Hankook has leveraged data from its involvement in over 70 global motorsport championships. The company applies these race-proven insights to advance its ultra-high-performance tyre technology, continually reinforcing its leadership in the field.

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