It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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TyreSafe, UK’s leading tyre safety charity, has launched its annual Tyre Safety Month by cautioning UK motorists that confidence in their vehicles’ stopping ability may be misplaced. Research indicates that although 83 percent of drivers feel fully in control of stopping distances, merely 6 percent know the additional distance required to halt in wet conditions at motorway speeds.

The study reveals that 94 percent of drivers underestimate how sharply stopping distances grow in rain, with many erring by substantial margins. This mismatch between perceived and actual risk spans every UK region, pointing to a nationwide problem involving driver awareness and vehicle preparedness.

In response, TyreSafe advises routine tyre checks, especially before seasonal shifts and heavier rainfall. Motorists are urged to remember the ACT principle – air pressure, condition and tread depth – and to act before they react.

Stuart Lovatt, Chairman, TyreSafe, said, “Many drivers and riders believe they are in control – but that confidence is often misplaced. Stopping distances in wet conditions can be far greater than expected, and tyres play a critical role in that equation. If your tyres are not properly maintained, your ability to stop safely is significantly reduced – no matter how confident you feel behind the wheel.”

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Scandinavian Enviro Systems AB (publ) has secured a second extension of its company reorganisation, with the Gothenburg District Court approving a further three-month period lasting until 27 November 2026. The company has been under reorganisation since 27 February 2026, when the court initially granted the process. An earlier extension had already pushed the deadline to 27 August 2026 before this latest decision.

In its ruling, the District Court noted that Enviro has submitted a draft reconstruction plan and secured the necessary financing for it. The court also found that the company has taken other required measures, leading it to conclude that exceptional grounds exist to justify continuing the reorganisation beyond the ordinary timeframe.

Enviro now plans to ask the court to order plan negotiations and schedule a plan hearing as soon as possible. At that hearing, affected parties will be placed into groups and permitted to vote on whether to adopt the reorganisation plan. Details of the hearing date and participation instructions will be announced via press release and the company's website. Unless plan negotiations are ordered earlier, a reorganisation may last at most one year, or 15 months from the initial decision in such cases.

Fredrik Aaben, CEO, Enviro, said, "The District Court's decision gives us the opportunity to continue the intensive work of completing the company reorganisation. We have taken several important steps forward and are now working purposefully to establish a strong and long-term sustainable Scandinavian Enviro Systems. The strong interest in Enviro's technology persists, both with regard to licensing and other forms of collaboration. We are firmly committed to completing the reorganisation and building a strong industrial company based on our world-leading technology.”

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Continental has launched the Conti HSR 5 EP steer tyre and Conti HDR 5 EP drive tyre, expanding its Generation 5 regional haul lineup. Engineered for regional fleet operations, both products target greater mileage, better fuel economy and longer casing life, aiming to lower fleets’ total cost of ownership.

The tyres suit routes marked by frequent stops and starts, urban and suburban travel and changing road surfaces. Their advanced tread patterns and latest compound technology seek a balance among wear performance, rolling resistance and retreadability while supporting year-round operation.

For the steer position, the Conti HSR 5 EP uses a new five-rib tread pattern and optimised footprint to improve wear and promote even treadwear. With Continental’s Generation 5 compound, it offers an estimated 22 percent mileage gain over its predecessor while keeping rolling resistance low for fuel efficiency.

The Conti HDR 5 EP drive tyre combines an open shoulder design, enhanced stone-trapping resistance and better cut-and-chip protection to preserve casing integrity and retread potential. It delivers an estimated 19 percent removal mileage improvement over its predecessor while maintaining fuel-saving rolling resistance. Both tyres are available from October 2026 in key regional haul sizes, with more sizes planned during 2027.

Shaun Uys, Vice President Marketing and Sales, Truck Tires US, said, "Regional fleets continue to face mounting pressure to improve operating efficiency while controlling costs. The new Conti HSR 5 EP and Conti HDR 5 EP were developed to help fleets go farther on every tyre investment through increased removal mileage, lower fuel consumption and enhanced casing life."

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The DUNLOP Group is restructuring its sustainability management to more closely align business strategies with sustainability initiatives, aiming to achieve sustainable corporate value growth. As part of this effort, each business division will establish a Divisional Sustainability Promotion Committee under the umbrella of the existing Sustainability Promotion Committee, which oversees company-wide efforts. This change is intended to accelerate the integration of business strategies and sustainability measures.

The newly formed divisional committees will discuss and decide on sustainability policies designed to create business opportunities and drive growth within their respective divisions. They will also monitor progress towards division-specific targets under the Long-Term Sustainability Targets, known as ‘Driving Our Future Initiatives’, and share relevant information. Progress updates will be reported to the Sustainability Promotion Committee, strengthening company-wide monitoring.

Chart of sustainability management structure

In addition, a cross-divisional Sustainable Natural Rubber (SNR) Subcommittee will be launched to manage and reduce risks and create opportunities in the natural rubber supply chain. Natural rubber is a natural capital resource on which the Group’s business significantly depends and also has significant impacts. The subcommittee will address these issues from natural capital and human rights perspectives, based on the Sustainable Natural Rubber Policy.

The SNR Subcommittee will serve as a cross-functional body that concentrates and accelerates the Group’s various SNR activities. By aligning with biodiversity and human rights initiatives and taking a mid- to long-term approach, it will pursue sustainable natural rubber through efforts such as supporting natural rubber farmers and collaborating with external partners.

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