It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Tyres Europe has joined 44 European organisations in backing a joint statement spearheaded by European Metals, which urges EU Member States to endorse a more rapid and robust application of the bloc’s trade defence arsenal. The statement advocates for extra personnel within DG TRADE’s trade defence units and greater reliance on existing instruments while pressing the Commission to introduce a fresh policy toolkit targeting state-driven market distortions.

For the tyre industry, these concerns carry direct consequences. European tyre production remains capital-intensive, encompassing over 70 plants, including retreading operations, alongside roughly 20 research and development centres. Of the 398 million tyres newly fitted across the EU in 2024, approximately 40 percent originated beyond the Union’s borders. In recent tyre proceedings, trade patterns evolved more swiftly than the EU could respond, both prior to and following the imposition of measures.

On 5 October, Tyres Europe published its position paper, ‘Towards a more effective EU Trade Defence Policy’, outlining its recommendations. Mirroring the joint statement, the paper requests additional resources for DG TRADE and advocates launching work on a new instrument designed to tackle systemic distortions.

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Sri Trang Group, the world’s largest fully integrated natural rubber company and the parent organisation of Sri Trang Agro-Industry Public Company Limited (STA) and Sri Trang Gloves (Thailand) Public Company Limited (STGT), concluded its flagship ‘One Sri Trang CG Day 2026’ initiative, built on the premise that strong governance underpins sustainability. The hybrid programme combined online participation with interactive training, drawing over 1,070 attendees, including directors, executives, staff and factory workers nationwide. Artificial intelligence made the material more engaging and accessible. Topics spanned business ethics, anti-corruption compliance, conflict-of-interest management, inside information handling and complaint procedures – framed as the bedrock of transparent operations that earn stakeholder trust.

Direction came from STA Executive Director Vitchaphol Sincharoenkul and STGT Chief Executive Officer Jarinya Jirojkul, who outlined the Group's governance policies and strategic priorities. Those policies provide guardrails for transparency, risk prevention, traceability and sustainable expansion, consistent with the organisation's vision and commercial goals. Both stressed that a culture of integrity and responsibility, grounded in Sri Trang's core values, buffers against pressures ranging from economic and technological disruption to natural disasters and competitive threats.

Rather than conventional lectures, organisers chose edutainment. A two-part miniseries, ‘The Domino Effect’, walked participants through real-world dilemmas in procurement, gift-giving and business hospitality, illustrating how conflicts of interest, misuse of inside information and whistleblowing cascade into consequences. AI-generated content added another layer, with virtual characters and simulated videos addressing code-of-conduct compliance, corruption, whistleblowing and complaint investigations. These dramatised situations helped staff grasp the fallout of poor decisions and recognise the right course of action, showing how AI can strengthen governance culture and broaden learning participation.

An interactive live quiz and discussion segment gave participants room to unpack scenarios and draw lessons on ethical decision-making, tied to the Group's code of business conduct and anti-corruption policy. The session reinforced the expectation that gifts be declined on all festive occasions and highlighted whistleblowing channels designed to safeguard reporters and keep identities confidential. Beyond the event, Sri Trang Group plans to continue the programme via its online self-learning platform, targeting full completion of refresher training and knowledge assessments within a month.

The effort dovetails with external benchmarks, including requirements of Thailand's Private Sector Collective Action Against Corruption, notably its top three-star CAC Change Agent status, alongside domestic and international ESG assessment standards. By tying its internal training push to these frameworks, Sri Trang Group signals that governance is not a one-off exercise but an ongoing commitment woven into how the organisation operates.

Highlighting the importance of corporate governance in global trade, Sincharoenkul said, “Transparency and good corporate governance are fundamental to business credibility, particularly within global supply chains, where stakeholders increasingly priorities raw material origins, traceability and responsible operations. Sri Trang Group is therefore committed to raising operational standards across every process so that our business partners, customers and stakeholders worldwide can be confident that every product comes from a transparent, traceable supply chain that supports our shared sustainable growth.”

Elaborating on the importance of instilling ethical awareness among employees, Jirojkul said, “Building confidence among customers worldwide depends on more than product quality. It also depends on the integrity, responsibility and commitment of every employee to doing what is right. STGT therefore prioritises embedding a corporate governance mindset into everyday work, because every action we take affects the trust that customers and stakeholders place in our organisation. When everyone upholds the same principles, we can deliver both quality products and lasting confidence to customers around the world.”

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TyreSafe, UK’s leading tyre safety charity, has joined forces with Wise in a newly announced partnership designed to reinforce the relationship between tyre safety, responsible workforce management and regulatory compliance. The collaboration draws on TyreSafe's specialised knowledge of tyre safety alongside Wise's track record in assisting organisations that manage compliant self-employed and subcontracted workforces.

The arrangement emerges amid continuing growth in last-mile delivery and subcontracted labour, where drivers often operate under demanding schedules, travel between numerous locations and face considerable time pressure. Those behind the partnership emphasise that safety needs to be embedded within everyday working practices, rather than treated as a matter to be resolved only after an incident or problem has already occurred.

Compliance for businesses engaging self-employed or subcontracted workers stretches from onboarding and verification through to ongoing workforce management. Nevertheless, responsible management involves considerably more than documentation and procedures. When vehicles are central to a worker's role, organisations must also establish whether those vehicles remain safe, roadworthy and adequately maintained. Tyres represent the sole point of contact between a vehicle and the road surface, making them vital to safety, yet they can be neglected when drivers and businesses concentrate on completing deliveries, attending appointments or meeting tight schedules.

Under TyreSafe's ACT framework, preventative checks are organised around three areas: air pressure, condition and tread. Wise serves sectors such as logistics, last-mile delivery and construction, having onboarded over 280,000 subcontractors, with more than 2,500 companies using its platform. Delivery drivers complete multiple drops and accumulate significant mileage, while construction subcontractors regularly meet kerbs, rough surfaces, debris and shifting site conditions, placing added strain on vehicles and their tyres. Both organisations believe problems are best tackled before they escalate into incidents, and the partnership will encourage businesses and drivers to view safe working conditions as an integral part of responsible workforce management.

Stuart Lovatt, Chairman, TyreSafe, said, “We are delighted to be working with Wise because there is a natural connection between what we both want to achieve. Businesses have a responsibility to make sure the people working for them are properly supported, and that includes creating the conditions for them to work safely. For drivers, tyres are fundamental to that safety. We know that professional and last-mile drivers can be working under considerable time pressure, travelling between multiple locations and completing demanding delivery schedules. That makes preventative tyre checks even more important.

“A few minutes spent checking air pressure, condition and tread can identify a problem before it becomes a breakdown, a delay or, more seriously, a road safety risk. This partnership gives us an opportunity to connect tyre safety with the wider conversation about responsible workforce management and to reach businesses and drivers who have a vital role to play in keeping our roads safe.”

Trevor Ruane, Accounts Director, Wise, said, “At Wise, our mission is simple: we improve self-employment by taking away the unnecessary stress, paperwork and compliance risk that businesses and subcontractors face. But compliance is about more than documents and processes. For businesses operating mobile workforces, responsible management also means thinking about the safety of the people doing the work and the vehicles they rely on every day.

“That is why our partnership with TyreSafe is so important. Tyre safety is a practical, everyday issue for drivers and businesses, particularly in logistics, last-mile delivery and construction, where people are constantly on the move and working to demanding schedules. We are pleased to bring TyreSafe’s expertise into that wider conversation and help reinforce the message that prevention, preparation and responsible management should be part of the working day.”

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The Tire Industry Project (TIP), a voluntary CEO-driven initiative representing 10 of the world’s largest tyre manufacturers, has released its annual key performance indicators report. Titled ‘Sustainability Driven: Key Performance Indicators for TIP Members 2021–2025’, the publication tracks member progress between 2021 and 2025 against 16 environmental, social and governance measures. These indicators span seven pathways within TIP’s Sector SDG Roadmap, which outlines the tyre industry’s contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Decarbonisation efforts showed notable gains, with emissions intensity falling 4.9 percent since 2024 and 29.2 percent since 2021, while renewable electricity procurement rose to 60.5 percent, up 6.5 percent year-on-year. Water efficiency also improved, as total withdrawals dropped 5.7 percent from 2024 to 2025 and withdrawals from water-stressed areas fell 10.9 percent over the same period. Since 2021, these figures represent reductions of 18.4 percent and 35.2 percent, respectively. On responsible natural rubber sourcing, all members continued reporting their procurement efforts to the Global Platform for Sustainable Natural Rubber (GPSNR) and 90 percent independently implemented responsible sourcing policies across all tyre production materials. The share of members holding validated science-based targets climbed to 90 percent from 80 percent in 2024.

The report further highlights TIP’s work strengthening the evidence base on tyre and road wear particles (TRWP). In 2025, TIP funded five new research projects and supported eight scientific paper publications, double the previous year’s total. By 2025, 36 TIP-supported TRWP research publications existed alongside 796 citations of TIP-supported research, a 14 percent increase from 2024. Grants totalling USD 2 million were committed through TIP’s first Open Call for Projects, a global initiative accelerating independent research. TIP also hosted its second Tire Emissions Research Conference with partner MIT in September 2025, with a third edition scheduled for Cambridge in December 2026.

Regarding tyre circularity, the report notes several developments, including publication of the ELT Toolkit 2.0, the Interactive ELT Data Map and ongoing PCR development work, all supporting stakeholders across the tyre value chain. TIP’s KPI reporting offers policymakers, regulators, industry partners and other stakeholders a transparent view of sector-level sustainability trends, priorities and areas requiring continued collaboration.

Dr How Yong Ng, Adjunct Professor at the National University of Singapore and a member of TIP’s Assurance Group, said, “Transparency and collaboration are at the heart of TIP’s efforts to foster sustainability innovation in the tyre sector. This KPI report demonstrates how TIP members are translating their commitments into measurable results and driving meaningful advancement across the tyre value chain. TIP has been monitoring progress against the SDGs for a decade, and it is encouraging to see how far members have come.”

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