It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Pirelli's medium and soft compounds shaped the Mexico City Grand Prix, where Max Verstappen took victory for Red Bull and Kimi Antonelli secured the Formula 1 World Championship with a third-place finish. Lewis Hamilton completed the podium in second for Ferrari at the circuit named after the Rodríguez brothers.

Verstappen triumphed through a two-stop strategy, beginning on mediums before switching to softs on lap 27. After 18 laps on the C5 compound, a red flag stopped the race, and the Dutchman used the pause to fit another set of softs, then resisted Hamilton's challenge to the finish. Hamilton had started on softs, moved to mediums and took another set of softs during the Safety Car that preceded the red flag, later choosing a previously run soft set at the restart while setting fastest laps on both compounds.

Antonelli, at 20, becomes Formula 1's youngest World Champion, breaking Sebastian Vettel's record of 23. The Italian started on softs, switched to mediums on lap 43 and used the red flag to fit another used set of softs, a strategy that delivered third place and the title. The podium contained only World Champions, with Verstappen on four titles, Hamilton on seven and Antonelli on his first.

Antonelli is the third Italian driver to claim the championship. His predecessors also won exclusively on Pirelli tyres, with Giuseppe Farina taking the inaugural 1950 title across six races and Alberto Ascari securing his second consecutive crown in 1953 by winning all eight Grands Prix he entered.

Dario Marrafuschi, Pirelli Motorsport Director, said, “Congratulations to Kimi Antonelli on winning the World Championship. It is a thoroughly deserved success, built on the consistency he has demonstrated throughout the season and sealed today with another outstanding performance, culminating in a podium finish in a race packed with drama alongside two World Champions. Without the neutralisations, a one-stop strategy would have been the most competitive option for this Grand Prix. Both the Soft and Medium compounds proved capable of covering around half the race distance, making it possible to complete the event with a single tyre change. The C5 once again confirmed itself as the benchmark compound in terms of grip and driver confidence, although the performance gap to the C4 was very small, with both compounds showing similar levels of degradation. It was therefore no surprise that every driver chose the Soft for the final stint after the Safety Car, despite also having the Hard compound available.

“From a technical perspective, tyre behaviour was very positive. We recorded no significant graining, and degradation remained within expected levels, proving lower than what had been observed on Friday. A lock-up by Leclerc at the restart following the red flag also provided further evidence of the robustness of Formula 1 tyres. The tyre sliding across the asphalt caused particularly severe localised wear on the front-left tyre, bringing it very close to the internal structural layers. This is certainly not a routine occurrence, but it is one that is consistently taken into account throughout Pirelli’s development and validation processes, including through rigorous indoor testing programmes. The ultimate objective is to ensure that the tyre maintains an appropriate level of integrity even under extreme conditions, allowing drivers to continue racing in complete safety.

“The performance of the Soft compound was particularly interesting, as demonstrated by Antonelli’s lengthy stint. He completed 43 laps while maintaining very limited degradation and a competitive pace right through to the closing stages of the race. The C3, meanwhile, was not considered by the teams because, under race conditions, it did not offer any performance advantage over the two softer compounds. Overall, the data collected confirmed a very clear picture, fully consistent with the simulations carried out before the event, both in terms of degradation and the competitiveness of the various strategic options.”

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Goodyear has expanded its presence in Norwood with a new Goodyear Auto Service store at 981 Boston Providence Hwy., situated in the Automile area just off Route 1. The store marked its arrival with a grand opening ribbon-cutting ceremony on 30 September, giving local drivers fresh access to professional tyre and automotive care.

Motorists visiting the location can choose from Goodyear and Cooper tyre lines, which cater to a range of vehicles, budgets and driving preferences. Among the Goodyear offerings are the Eagle F1 All Season for year-round capability, the Wrangler Steadfast HT for dependable comfort, the Assurance WeatherReady 2 for all-weather conditions and the ElectricDrive 2 for electric vehicle performance.

Beyond tyre sales and installation, the Norwood team provides oil changes, alignments, brake service, battery replacement, air conditioning service and preventive maintenance. With heavy commuter traffic along Route 1 wearing down tyres and colder weather elevating the need for proper care, the store invites drivers to receive a complimentary tyre air pressure check or consultation. Tyre rotation, wheel balancing and TPMS inspections are also available.

Several promotional offers are currently available. Through 30 November, customers who purchase and install select Goodyear or Cooper tyres with the Goodyear Credit Card can receive up to USD 200 back, while a full-synthetic oil change is priced at USD 69.99 through 1 December at participating locations. Qualifying oil changes and services also earn up to USD 20 in Valvoline rebates through 31 December. The store operates Monday through Saturday from 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Marsha Nelson, Store Manager, said, “Backed by more than 125 years of expertise, our Goodyear team is ready to help customers choose the right tyres and provide the service their vehicles need to get them where they’re going with confidence. We’re committed to exceptional customer service and top-quality products, and we look forward to building lasting relationships with Norwood-area drivers and their vehicles.”

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Maxxis International will display its Victra RC-1 tyres on Nissan's Project NAT2 SCCA Touring 2³ car at the SEMA Show 2026, scheduled for 3–6 November at the Las Vegas Convention Center, continuing a partnership with the Nissan Acceleration Team (NAT) that dates to 2020. NAT is an all-volunteer motorsports group staffed by Nissan employees, and the Victra RC-1 has become a popular choice among club racers and enthusiasts for its grip, handling and heat cycle performance.

Project NAT2 is a Nissan Z fitted with upgraded engine, suspension and braking systems for the SCCA T2 road-racing class, which balances performance across production-based sports cars and sedans through rules on eligibility, modifications, weight and tyres. The car will run on 100TW Victra RC-1s in 275/35ZR18, retaining much of its production character while being prepared for serious wheel-to-wheel competition with safety, handling, braking and reliability upgrades.

Visitors can see the Project NAT2 Z and its Victra RC-1 tyres at Nissan's Booth #21521 in Central Hall at the Las Vegas Convention Center. Additional Maxxis tyres are on display at the outdoor booth #82002 in the Silver Lot and the indoor booth #41086 in South Hall Lower near the Bronze Lot.

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Hankook Tire held its 2026 Design Innovation Day on 30 October at Hankook Technodome, the company’s advanced research and development centre in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea. The event, themed ‘Shaping Identity, Sculpting Performance’, gave employees a chance to learn about the tyre maker’s design strategies and major accomplishments.

A central highlight was the company’s first public presentation of a unified product design identity framework covering its principal brands: iON, the world’s first full-lineup tyre brand dedicated to electric vehicles; Ventus, its flagship line and Dynapro, its SUV-focused brand. Hankook Tire also introduced a next-generation product design language for the first time and explained how it will be applied to future products, clarifying each brand’s design direction and creating a consistent approach across the portfolio.

The programme featured three sessions. One addressed design strategies for conveying product performance while preserving brand identity and introduced guidelines for turning ‘invisible performance’ developed during R&D into design elements consumers can recognise, with approaches tailored to different product characteristics. Another session presented the next-generation design language for iON, Ventus and Dynapro, translating each brand’s core values into distinctive design elements. Hankook Tire further shared a framework for collaboration among R&D, product planning, marketing and design teams so they can develop products under unified design standards.

Through the event, Hankook Tire seeks to align design strategies and direction across the organisation, improve product development efficiency and speed decision-making while strengthening global brand recognition and its premium image. The company also aims to bolster design competitiveness in original equipment collaborations with global automakers and in product development for global markets. Hankook Tire continues to earn international design recognition, including three Product Design awards at the 2026 Red Dot Design Awards for Ventus evo, iON AT and Laufenn S FIT2, plus six Design Concept awards comprising two Best of the Best honours and four Red Dot awards.

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