It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Kumho Tire USA has initiated the Georgia Veterans Tire Assistance Program, building upon its recent alliance with the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation. This new effort will distribute certificates for complete sets of four replacement tyres to 50 financially struggling veterans throughout the state, amounting to 200 tyres with a total value exceeding USD 50,000.

The programme acknowledges that dependable vehicles are critical for veterans to reach jobs, medical facilities and daily essentials. By covering the expense of new tyres, the initiative aims to ensure that recipients can travel safely and without the burden of unexpected automotive costs.

Administration of the programme falls to the GVSF, which will handle applicant selection and the distribution of certificates over the course of the year. Those not chosen in a given round may have their applications reconsidered in subsequent quarters, provided they continue to meet the established criteria.

Eligible applicants must be Georgia residents who are US military veterans, own or routinely use the vehicle in question and hold a valid licence, insurance and registration. Proof of financial hardship and tyres deemed unsafe due to wear, age or damage are also required, with a 24-month restriction on prior assistance. This marks the inaugural project under the Kumho-GVSF partnership, reflecting the tyre manufacturer’s broader dedication to enhancing community safety and mobility.

Edmund Cho, CEO, Kumho Tire USA, said, "When we announced our partnership with the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation, our goal was to identify meaningful ways to support Georgia's veterans and their families. The Georgia Veterans Tire Assistance Program puts that commitment into action by helping veterans maintain reliable transportation for work, appointments, family commitments and everyday needs."

Joe Higgins, Board Chair, Georgia Veterans Service Foundation, said, "The Georgia Veterans Service Foundation is grateful to Kumho Tire for this generous donation to help Georgia veterans continue travelling safely and stay connected to their communities. These tyre certificates will provide meaningful assistance to veterans by improving mobility, safety and access to essential resources."

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Hankook Tire has formalised a new partnership with Special Olympics Tennessee, reinforcing its commitment to community engagement and regional development in Nashville, the site of its North American headquarters. The collaboration centres on supporting the non-profit’s mission to provide year-round athletic training and competition for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

As a primary component of this alliance, Hankook Tire will sponsor and participate in the Music City Corporate Challenge, an Olympic-style event that unites Nashville-area companies in friendly sporting competition. The initiative fosters workplace wellness and camaraderie within the local business sector, ultimately culminating in the crowning of annual champions.

Further extending its support, the tyre manufacturer will also back the Unified Fore Joy Topgolf ProAm fundraising event. Scheduled for 18 September at four Tennessee locations – Nashville, Knoxville, Chattanooga and Memphis – the golf fundraiser pairs corporate teams with Special Olympics athletes to generate direct financial support for programmes across the state.

Rob Williams, President, Hankook Tire America Corp, said, “We are excited to partner with Special Olympics Tennessee and participate in the Music City Corporate Challenge,”. “Collaboration is one of Hankook Tire’s core values, and this event provides a meaningful opportunity to connect with other businesses in Nashville while supporting Special Olympics Tennessee. We look forward to competing alongside our peers, underscoring our commitment to social programmes locally and growing together with the local community.”

Adam Germek, President & CEO, Special Olympics Tennessee, said, “Special Olympics Tennessee is thrilled to partner with the Hankook Tire team with both our Music City Corporate Challenge and Unified Fore Joy Topgolf ProAm fundraising events this year. Hankook Tire has an amazing culture of collaboration and philanthropy, and we are so grateful for Hankook Tire team’s support of Special Olympics athletes across our state.”

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Trelleborg Tires received the Best Agriculture Tyre honour at the 15th Prêmio Visão Agro Centro-Sul, a prominent agribusiness awards programme in Brazil. The ceremony took place in Piracicaba, São Paulo, on 14 July, with the accolade celebrating enterprises that drive progress in the nation’s agricultural sector through technological and solution-based contributions.

The distinction does not focus on a singular product but rather validates the overall field performance of Trelleborg’s tyre portfolio across diverse farming scenarios. Engineered specifically for Brazilian operational conditions, these tyres integrate sophisticated design with reliable on-ground results, securing trust among local farmers, contractors, dealers and original equipment manufacturers.

Brazil’s status as a leading global food producer demands constant productivity gains. Leveraging extensive experience in tyre engineering and cooperative relationships with OEMs and rural professionals, Trelleborg continues to deliver solutions tailored for the country’s primary crops. The Visão Agro Centro-Sul selection process combines technical analysis with sector-wide voting, reinforcing the award’s credibility as a key performance indicator in the industry.

Fabio Metidieri, Sales Director – Brazil, Trelleborg Tires, said, "Being recognised by professionals who work in the field every day is especially meaningful for us. This award reflects the confidence our customers place in our tyres after experiencing their performance in real operating conditions. It motivates us to continue developing tyre solutions that help customers maximise the performance of their machines and get more from every operation.”

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Pirelli has been named a ‘2026 Top Graduate Employer Brand’ in China by 51job, a leading domestic human resources firm. The recognition highlights the tyre manufacturer’s effectiveness in attracting top university talent, developing student skills and strengthening its overall employer reputation among young professionals.

Established in 2018, the award programme uses a dual-evaluation system that incorporates feedback from both corporate recruiters and student candidates to ensure impartiality. The 2026 cycle, themed ‘Without Boundaries’, judged participants on several criteria, including campus brand influence, graduate training structures, youth development culture, university partnership depth and compensation competitiveness. Pirelli’s selection underscores its strong resonance with emerging talent and validates its sustained investment in early-career recruitment.

The company operates a year-round campus engagement model, featuring recruitment drives in both spring and autumn that target engineering, business and design disciplines. Selection processes involve structured interviews, assessment centres and business case simulations. For the 2027 graduate cohort, Pirelli has opened positions across a wide array of functions, such as motorsports, research and development, quality, data analytics, production management, lean manufacturing, supply chain, electrical engineering and health, safety and environment.

New graduates enter a two-year induction known as the Warming Up @Pirelli programme, which is structured around four stages: an orientation to corporate culture and strategy, a functional deep-dive into company operations, practical tool acquisition and a reflective session to map future career paths. The initiative emphasises international exposure, cross-functional rotation, executive engagement, hands-on simulations and a round-the-clock digital resource library. Beyond onboarding, Pirelli maintains a global training architecture with four pillars – Professional Academies, School of Management, Global Activities and Local Education – offering continuous professional development across multiple fields while collaborating with top universities for localised, innovation-focused programmes.

Pirelli also champions an inclusive, equitable workplace, guided by the values of inclusion, enhancement and equal opportunity. Its global MORE welfare framework, centred on care for employees, their families and the community, delivers comprehensive health benefits, family support and volunteer engagement, reinforcing the company’s commitment to holistic people development and long-term career growth.

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