It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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The Alliance for the Future of Tires (AZuR) has expanded its network with the addition of Granuband, a Dutch leader in high-quality tyre recycling, as its newest partner. As a prominent manufacturer of rubber granules, Granuband strengthens AZuR’s mission to advance a sustainable circular economy for tires across Europe through its expertise in material recovery.

Established in 1991, Granuband specialises in the mechanical recycling of end-of-life tyres using state-of-the-art facilities to produce premium rubber granules and powders. These materials are exported globally for use in sports surfaces, infrastructure projects, industrial goods and various technical applications, showcasing the versatility of recycled rubber.

Beyond manufacturing, Granuband plays a critical role in the collection and logistics of used tyres, traditionally focusing on passenger car tyres in the Benelux region. In recent years, the company has expanded its operations to include truck, agricultural and other specialised tyre categories, driven by a longstanding commitment to innovation in technology, logistics and new applications.

Since 2024, Granuband has operated under Circtec, an international firm specialising in advanced tyre pyrolysis. This integration merges Granuband’s mechanical recycling strengths with Circtec’s chemical recovery technology, creating a comprehensive system that recovers nearly all tyre components. Together, they aim to boost recycling rates, optimise raw material use, cut CO₂ emissions and develop new recyclable materials. Granuband’s addition to AZuR notably reinforces the mechanical recycling pillar, a vital component of the circular economy.

Network coordinator Christina Guth said, “With Granuband, we are expanding our network to include an important player in the mechanical recycling of used tyres. High-quality rubber granules are key to closing the material cycle and reducing dependence on primary raw materials.”

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The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. hosted its 12th Panel Discussion on Biodiversity as an online event on 6 March 2026, bringing together a wide range of participants from 121 locations across Japan. This annual gathering serves as a platform for reflecting on the significance of biodiversity conservation. This year’s programme featured a keynote speech by Dr Kaoruko Kurata, a professor at Yokohama National University’s College of Education and Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, titled ‘Creating a Well-Being Society from the Perspective of Biocultural Diversity’. Following her address, the event highlighted the Yokohama Rubber Group’s own conservation efforts, with a lively discussion themed ‘Nature Positive Initiatives through Collaboration between Communities and Companies’ moderated by Dr Tetsuya Kitazawa, Director of Ecology Path Inc. and a lecturer at Edogawa University. The exchange included the company’s employees alongside representatives from local governments, businesses, non-profit organisations, and civic groups.

A central case study presented was the ongoing work at Kameyama Satoyama Park, a Nature Symbiosis Site. Under a support agreement with Kameyama City in Mie Prefecture, Kameyama Bead Company, a tyre bead manufacturing and sales subsidiary of Yokohama Rubber, conducts activities such as removing invasive species and maintaining the park grounds. A city official joined to discuss these efforts, which helped all participants deepen their understanding of practical conservation measures.

Since the adoption of the global nature positive goal at COP15 in December 2022, momentum has grown worldwide, including in Japan. The Yokohama Rubber fully supports this direction and has been an active participant in the TNFD Forum and the 30by30 Alliance for Biodiversity since January 2023. The company advances conservation across its value chain through initiatives like the YOKOHAMA Forever Forest tree-planting events, water quality and biodiversity monitoring and community awareness programmes at its global sites, alongside promoting agroforestry on natural rubber farms. Operating under its sustainability management slogan, Caring for the Future, the company remains committed to creating shared value by addressing social issues through its core business activities.

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Comerio Ercole is all set to make a significant impact on the global stage in April 2026 with its participation in three major industry events – India Rubber Expo (IRE) 2026, Techtextil 2026 and Chinaplas 2026. The exhibitions will be an opportunity for the company to present cutting-edge developments focused on efficiency, sustainability and product quality while strengthening relationships with customers and partners from around the world. Drawing on its extensive heritage in calendering technology, the company will highlight how its advanced, high-performance systems are engineered to meet the rigorous demands of modern production environments.

The first in this series of engagements is the India Rubber Expo, scheduled for 7 to 10 April, where Comerio Ercole will be situated at Booth L-012A. Recognised as Asia’s largest and most significant rubber industry event, this exhibition provides a key opportunity for the company to present its specialised capabilities to the regional and global rubber manufacturing community.

At Techtextil 2026, the premier international fair for technical textiles and nonwovens, scheduled for 21 to 24 April, Comerio Ercole will be located in Hall 12.0 at Stand C41, where it will showcase its latest innovations for the nonwovens sector. Simultaneously, Comerio Ercole will be present at Chinaplas 2026 (21 to 24 April), the world’s leading trade fair for plastics and rubber, occupying Booth 2.1C85. This parallel participation underscores the company’s versatility and its ability to deliver tailored solutions across the technical textiles, plastics and rubber domains.

This busy month comes on the back of a successful presence at the recently held Tire Technology Expo 2026 (3–5 March) in Hannover, Germany. Comerio Ercole won the ‘Tire Manufacturing Innovation of the Year’ award and also managed to clinch a spot as finalist in three additional award categories, highlighting its pervasive leadership and innovative edge in calendering technology.

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Continental is supplying a special edition of its new 30-mm Grand Prix 5000 TT TR tyre for the Bugatti Factor ONE, a distinctive bicycle born from the partnership between the prestigious automotive marque and high-performance bike manufacturer Factor Bikes. This collaboration steps outside traditional cycling regulations to merge automotive engineering precision with advanced bicycle innovation, resulting in a machine focused on aerodynamic efficiency, precise handling and stable control at elevated speeds.

The tyre selected for this exclusive bicycle represents one of two recent size additions to Continental’s Grand Prix 5000 family, a product line engineered for reliable performance across diverse road conditions. Developed with a focus on pure velocity, the Grand Prix 5000 TT TR utilises a simplified casing construction to reduce both weight and rolling resistance, a feature trusted by elite competitors.

Now available in 30 mm width, this tyre offers an expanded contact patch that improves stability and grip during fast cornering while maintaining composure over extended distances. This combination of confidence and control allows riders to tackle technical sections more aggressively, fully utilising the bicycle’s capabilities. As the fastest model within the Grand Prix 5000 lineup thanks to its specialised two-ply casing that further minimises rolling resistance, the TT TR is a fitting match for the limited-edition Bugatti Factor ONE.

Limited to a worldwide production run of just 250 individually numbered units, the Bugatti Factor ONE embodies the exclusivity and meticulous detail characteristic of the Bugatti name. With the Continental Grand Prix 5000 TT TR serving as a critical performance element, the bicycle delivers a riding experience defined by uncompromising engineering and a world-class collaborative vision.

Rob Gitelis, Founder, Factor Bikes, said, “We’re thrilled to have been able to work together with Continental to create these special edition Bugatti Continental Grand Prix 5000 TT tyres. We’ve partnered with Continental to provide the tyres for all our bikes, and since they make the best tyres in the world, it was a natural choice to collaborate with them on these very special tyres for the Bugatti Factor ONE.”

Karsten Jacke, Global Head – Bicycle OE Sales, Continental, said, “We are highly honoured to be part of this premium project. Each Factor bike begins with a non-negotiable purpose. And here, with the Bugatti Factor ONE, it was Bugatti’s maxim to provide nothing but the best for their customers. Both brands’ values of excellence, courage and dedication create a perfect match with Continental’s ambition to Lead the Ride. It’s just great to see this collab rolling on our special edition Grand Prix 5000 TT TR tyres.”

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