It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Hankook Tire, the exclusive electric racing tire supplier and official partner of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship (Formula E), has launched a digital fan engagement initiative called ‘Make it Yours, Make it Race.’ The AI-powered helmet design campaign runs from June 8 to June 21, local time, during the brand’s final season as the series’ tire provider in Season 12. This marks a significant push into virtual fan experiences as the championship heads toward its concluding partnership year with Hankook.

The campaign represents a collaboration with Formula E and the DS PENSKE Formula E Team, utilizing Google Cloud’s infrastructure and advanced AI models, including Gemini, Nano Banana, and Veo. By moving activations beyond physical race venues, the tire manufacturer aims to offer global motorsport enthusiasts novel methods to interact with the racing ecosystem. The digital platform allows participants to craft personalized racing helmet designs, which are then submitted via Instagram with the dedicated hashtag #HKAIhelmet.

A public voting phase will determine the winner, with the final design officially announced on July 3 across Hankook’s social media channels. The victorious artwork will be prominently featured at the 2026 Hankook London E-Prix, where paper versions will be given to spectators and a full-scale replica will be exhibited at the Hankook Fan Village booth. The grand prize for the winning designer includes two Formula E VIP tickets, a driver-signed cap, a premium merchandise package, and a podium cap, with additional prizes for the runners-up.

This initiative is part of Hankook’s broader strategy throughout its four-season tenure with Formula E, which has included interactive Fan Village experiences showcasing the ‘iON’ electric vehicle tire lineup and the ‘iON Race’ tire. The company also supports the FIA Girls on Track program through lectures and workshops, reinforcing its commitment to nurturing future talent. These efforts collectively enhance brand visibility while deepening customer connections globally.

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Webfleet, Bridgestone’s advanced fleet management solution, has closed a strategic agreement with Volkswagen Group Info Services AG. The collaboration leverages OEM.connect, the company’s original-equipment telematics programme, to erase the need for physical device installations across Volkswagen Group brands. Operators running Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Škoda, Seat, Cupra or Audi models can now channel real-time machine data straight into the Webfleet ecosystem.

Once a compatible vehicle’s identification number is registered, the system activates full-service functionality in under an hour. This digital-first approach accelerates fleet onboarding while unlocking analytics that drive cost reduction, operational refinement and eco-friendly driving habits. Crucially, the interface does not discriminate by brand mix, granting unified oversight of diverse fleets through a single dashboard or companion application, regardless of whether units come from one marque or several manufacturers.

Among the practical tools now available to European customers are fuel-level surveillance, electric-battery tracking for range assurance, granular performance dashboards and early-warning mechanical alerts to curb unplanned stoppages. Every feature is accessible across the continent, giving mixed and single-brand fleets equal command over their daily logistics without legacy hardware barriers.

Jan-Maarten de Vries, President – Fleet Management Solutions, Bridgestone, said, “We always aim to make connecting vehicles to Webfleet as quick and easy as possible. Adding six Volkswagen Group brands to OEM.connect serves that goal perfectly. Fleet operators get immediate access to valuable data that helps them optimise their operations. This collaboration represents an important step in expanding our OEM.connect ecosystem, enabling fleets to adopt connected services faster and with less complexity.”

Lasse Schmidt van Hülst, Lead Sales & Key Account Management, Volkswagen Group Info Services AG, said, “Combining our vehicle data with Webfleet’s advanced fleet solutions supports the continued development of connected fleet services across Europe. By making vehicle data available through trusted partners, we are helping fleet operators improve performance while ensuring secure and compliant data use.”

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Pirelli has finalised its gravel tyre lineup with the debut of the CINTURATO Gravel RH and CINTURATO Gravel RM, manufactured at the Milan-Bollate plant using FSC-certified natural rubber. These additions arrive as gravel cycling evolves towards faster racing, rougher courses and heightened performance expectations from riders. The ‘R’ designation signals a race-focused philosophy, while the ‘H’ and ‘M’ suffixes align with Pirelli's existing off-road naming system, indicating suitability for hard-packed or mixed terrain, respectively.

The company leveraged its motorsport pedigree and cross-country mountain biking expertise to engineer both tyres, which are positioned within the High-Performance Line. This premium category represents the pinnacle of Pirelli's gravel technology, with all design and production occurring in Italy. The HP-Line distinguishes itself through advanced materials and manufacturing methods, setting a new benchmark for the brand's gravel offerings.

For hard-packed surfaces where speed and efficiency reign supreme, the CINTURATO Gravel RH employs a tread design featuring a smooth centre section to maximise rolling efficiency on tarmac and compact gravel, while aggressive shoulder knobs deliver precise cornering grip. Its 120 TPI ProWALL casing, borrowed from XC racing, enhances ride feel and puncture defence. Internal testing has recorded a 17 percent decrease in rolling resistance compared to the previous Performance Line tyre, establishing it as one of the fastest options in Pirelli's gravel range.

Conversely, the CINTURATO Gravel RM caters to riders navigating a mixture of fast sections and technical terrain, offering a balanced compromise between traction and rolling economy. Its familiar tread pattern, previously known as RC, ensures cornering stability and dependable braking and acceleration on loose surfaces. With the same robust casing and sizes extending up to 700 x 55 mm, the RM serves as a singular solution for varied gravel races, maintaining a smooth and controlled ride. Pirelli's tests indicate a 20 percent improvement in rolling resistance over the Performance Line counterpart.

Both tyres incorporate the newly developed SmartEVO GR compound, tailored specifically for high-performance gravel applications. This formulation aims to reconcile low rolling resistance with trustworthy grip across wet and dry conditions, enabling riders to balance speed and control effectively. The complete range now spans from pure racing scenarios to adventure riding, covering everything from high-speed hardpack routes to muddy and technically demanding trails.

The portfolio is divided into the HP-Line for uncompromising performance and the P-Line, which utilises 60 TPI casings and SpeedGRIP compound for versatile all-round use. The CINTURATO Gravel RH and RM are currently available online and at select retailers, with the HP-Line offered in four sidewall finishes including a new Team Edition with yellow Racing labels. Sizes range from 700 x 40 mm to 700 x 55 mm, representing one of the most extensive size selections in the gravel market.

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Sri Trang Agro-Industry Public Company Limited (STA) has been honoured with the ‘Highest Revenue Business – Southern Region’ award at the Prachachat Business Awards 2026. The recognition, presented during a ceremony at Paragon Hall in Bangkok on 28 May 2026, is based on performance metrics and tax contributions evaluated by Prachachat Business News, the Department of Business Development and Creden Asia Company.

This accolade underscores STA’s pivotal role in advancing Thailand’s natural rubber sector and its dedication to sustainable, stable growth. The company continues to enhance competitiveness and operational efficiency while generating value for stakeholders, including farmers, partners, employees and investors. Amid global industry shifts, STA is committed to raising domestic rubber standards and strengthening its international market position.

The organisation prioritises responsible supply chain management, transparency and strong corporate governance. By integrating digital platforms and artificial intelligence, STA is modernising data connectivity across its operations, facilitating the industry’s transformation into the digital age and ensuring long-term resilience.

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