It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Fornnax Technology has received the Special Export Award – Rubber Machinery for 2025–26 from the All-India Rubber Industries Association (AIRIA). The recognition stems from the company recording the highest export volume of tyre recycling plants to Europe, marking a significant achievement in its international trade performance.

For more than 10 years, Fornnax has driven innovation within India’s tyre recycling sector. The firm now holds a 90 percent share of the domestic market, while exports constitute 30 percent of its operations, serving regions such as Europe, Australia and the GCC. Its integrated, high-capacity recycling lines and shredding systems support a more circular ecosystem.

The company’s approach centres on complete infrastructure rather than standalone equipment, combining multiple shredding and size-reduction stages to boost throughput and reliability. Fornnax aims to expand its global footprint and advance technologies suited to rising international recycling demands.

Jignesh Kundaria, Founder and Director, Fornnax, said, “This honour from AIRIA is a reflection of an incredible journey we have undertaken over the years. When we started Fornnax, there was no established recycling industry in India to follow. We chose to build for the future instead. Today, when you see India’s tyre recycling sector, it has already transformed into a dynamic, high-growth industry, and we are proud to have played our part in building it.”

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Apollo Tyres Ltd has expanded its industrial tyre portfolio with the introduction of the AWE 733 flotation tyre, engineered for mobile excavators working on soft and sensitive ground. Developed in Europe, the product reflects the company’s ‘Engineered for Tough Conditions’ approach, combining minimal surface compaction with high traction and durability.

The tyre, offered in size 600/50-22.5, targets construction, infrastructure and utility duties requiring low ground pressure and dependable off-road manoeuvrability. Its wide flotation tread incorporates rounded lugs and shoulders to reduce ground disturbance while preserving grip.

A steel-belted bias construction supports stability during lifting and digging, and a reinforced carcass with steel breaker guards against cuts and punctures. High flotation and a durable tread compound extend service life and cut downtime. Global sales begin in the fourth quarter of 2026.

Bernhard Schmolz, Division Head OHT Europe, said, “The AWE 733 flotation tyre is an important addition to our proven excavator portfolio. It combines flotation, traction and durability in a purpose-built solution, enabling operators to work productively in challenging conditions while reducing ground impact. It is another example of Apollo Tyres’ commitment to providing reliable and application-focused solutions for industrial equipment operators.”

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Hankook Tire has entered a five-year partnership with Racing America, a US motorsports company, becoming the official tyre partner and exclusive racing tyre supplier for its major series from 2027 through 2031. The agreement was signed at Hankook’s Tennessee plant on 25 September local time.

Under the deal, Hankook will exclusively supply racing tyres to Racing America’s major series while collaborating on technical and engineering support, trackside services and joint marketing initiatives. The company will begin supporting Trans Am, a leading US road racing series, and International GT, a premium sports car racing series. It will also renew partnerships with Racing America’s Formula ladder series, which it has backed since 2019.

Trans Am, established in 1966, is a historic series featuring muscle cars with nearly six decades of competition. International GT showcases premium sports cars, while Racing America’s Formula ladder focuses on developing the next generation of formula drivers. Through the partnership, Hankook aims to display its racing tyre technology across North American motorsports and strengthen its premium brand position. Fan engagement will expand through exclusive tyre supply, technical and trackside support, event branding, digital and broadcast exposure and social media activities.

Globally, Hankook supplies racing tyres and supports teams at more than 70 motorsports events, including the FIA World Rally Championship. In North America, it continues expanding its premium presence through partnerships with major events such as the off-road racing event King of the Hammers.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Dr Suttipong Angthong, Secretary-General of the Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC), served as a panellist at the Economic Forum 2026, hosted by the Royal Thai Embassy in Kuala Lumpur on 25 September 2026 at the Imperial Lexis Hotel. The event, titled ‘Bridging the Two Borders: Elevating Thailand – Malaysia Resilient Value Chains in Halal and Rubber Industries’, gathered government agencies, industry players, chambers of commerce, academia and think-tanks from both nations. H.E. Ms. Lada Phumas, Thailand's Ambassador to Malaysia, delivered welcoming remarks, followed by opening remarks from YB Tuan Haji Akmal Nasrullah bin Mohd Nasir, Malaysia's Minister of Economy.

Dr Angthong participated in Panel Session 2, titled ‘Strategic Partnership in Action: Advancing Thailand–Malaysia Sustainable Rubber Value Chain’, moderated by the Centre for IMT-GT Subregional Cooperation. Fellow panellists represented the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Thai Eastern Group Holdings PCL, the Northern Corridor Implementation Authority and the Malaysian Rubber Board. Discussions centred on upstream-downstream cooperation, border economic corridors, joint research and development, international standards compliance and safeguarding smallholders and grassroots stakeholders.

Dr Angthong outlined the natural rubber market landscape and challenges confronting ANRPC member nations, including sustainability and traceability demands in importing markets, price volatility and the imperative to increase value addition within producing countries.

“ANRPC welcomes cooperation among its member countries that supports a sustainable and resilient natural rubber sector. Regional dialogue of this kind helps members share experience on value addition, standards compliance and smallholder welfare. ANRPC will continue to support its members with statistics, market analysis and a platform for cooperation,” said Dr Angthong.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!