It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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JK Tyre & Industries  is investing INR 11.3 billion to expand production capacity across truck and bus radial, passenger car radial and off-the-road tyre segments, as strong demand pushes utilisation levels close to full.

The programme will raise overall capacity by about seven percent through projects at its Banmore, Laksar and Mysuru plants. Passenger car radial expansion at Banmore has been completed and is ramping up, with full capacity expected by July 2026. Truck and bus radial capacity at Laksar is due to come on stream by April 2026, while the off-highway expansion at Mysuru is already complete.

The investment forms part of the company’s broader INR 50 billion capital-expenditure plan over five years, focused on premium passenger tyres and radial technologies. Management said the share of larger-rim passenger tyres in its mix had risen to about 31 per cent from 27 per cent a year earlier, underpinning the need for additional capacity.

Indian operations are running at more than 90 percent utilisation, with radial tyre capacity above 95 per cent and consolidated utilisation above 85 percent. The expansion is intended to support continued growth in domestic replacement and original-equipment demand, as well as exports.

Separately, JK Tyre has completed the merger of subsidiary Cavendish Industries Ltd., after improving its utilisation from roughly 30 per cent to more than 95 per cent. The integration is expected to deliver operational synergies and strengthen capacity availability across product lines.

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Falken Tyre Europe GmbH is reshaping its summer tyre portfolio in response to shifting automotive trends on the continent, with a significant expansion planned for 2026. The updated lineup directly addresses the growing dominance of SUVs – which now represent 54 percent of new car registrations – and the accelerating shift towards electrification, with battery-electric vehicles holding a 17.5 percent market share in the first half of 2025. These developments have created heightened demand for larger tyre sizes and increased load capacities to accommodate heavier vehicle weights and the instant torque delivery of electric powertrains, all while preserving ride comfort and safety.

A key element of this enhanced portfolio is the AZENIS FK520, which now encompasses a broader array of larger rim diameters and wider footprints to suit both premium SUVs and high-performance automobiles. Its construction continues to emphasise a balance of strength and weight efficiency, incorporating reinforcement materials that support stability during demanding cornering and braking manoeuvres on dry tarmac. This approach ensures that drivers of heavier, more powerful vehicles can still experience precise handling characteristics.

For the rapidly expanding segment of battery-electric and hybrid vehicles, the e. ZIEX line has been developed to address their unique operational requirements. New size additions cater directly to popular electric models, while original equipment approval for Audi Q6 e-tron underscores its suitability for modern EV platforms. The tyre’s engineering focuses on extending range and durability through a carefully designed tread structure that promotes uniform pressure distribution, thereby reducing internal resistance and slowing the rate of wear across the contact patch.

At the pinnacle of the range, the AZENIS RS820 draws directly from Falken’s involvement in endurance motorsport to deliver ultra-high-performance capabilities for exotic sports cars and supercars. Its compound formulation and shoulder architecture are optimized for lateral stiffness on dry circuits and reliable grip in wet conditions, a combination that has led to its selection as original equipment on a premium performance sedan. Complementing these specialist products, the ZIEX ZE320 offers a broadly accessible option for everyday passenger cars, incorporating features that reduce interior noise and improve fuel economy through a lighter, more efficient casing structure.

Marcus Schulz, Product Manager, Falken, said, “Consumer demand for EVs and SUVs is reshaping Europe’s automotive landscape and Falken is ready to meet that challenge. Our 2026 summer range has grown in the areas where we are noticing this growth, ensuring more of Europe’s drivers can rely on Falken’s safe, efficient and performant range – always backed by our five-year guarantee.”

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Maxxis tyres demonstrated their competitive edge during the 2026 King of the Hammers (KOH) off-road racing event, where affiliated athletes achieved notable success across several demanding vehicle classes. The most significant victory came in the premier 4900 UTV Hammers Championship, where competitor Jeff Martin secured the overall win. Martin, driving for the Blais Motorsports team in the Open UTV category, navigated the notoriously difficult Johnson Valley landscape on Maxxis Roxxzilla tyres. His performance was characterised by strategic driving and steady control, which allowed him to outpace the competition and claim the top position.

Further highlighting the capability of the Roxxzilla tyre, legendary motocross figure Jeremy McGrath turned in a remarkable performance by finishing ninth overall. This achievement was particularly impressive given that McGrath was competing in the Pro Stock NA class against a field largely composed of more powerful turbocharged vehicles. His top-ten result served as a testament to both his driving expertise and the reliability of his Maxxis rubber. The UTV Pro Modified class also saw Maxxis-supported athletes dominate the podium, with Scott Lesage taking first place and Tommy Thompson securing second.

The punishing nature of the event was evident in the experience of Can-Am driver Hunter Miller. After contending near the front of the 4900 race, Miller’s bid for victory was derailed by a steering malfunction. Despite sustaining significant damage to his vehicle, he demonstrated considerable resilience by continuing to fight through the field and ultimately finishing eighth in the Open UTV class. Before the main events, Maxxis athletes had already established a strong foundation during the earlier Desert Challenge, with Dustin Jones and Todd Zuccone each earning podium finishes in their respective classes. The collective results throughout the week’s racing reaffirmed the brand’s reputation for providing durable, high-performing and consistent tyres capable of handling the extreme and varied conditions that define the King of the Hammers.

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The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) had the pleasure of welcoming Thomas Colonna, Head of the Asia Regional Office from the European Forest Institute (EFI), for a courtesy visit to its Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur on 13 February 2026.

The meeting provided a valuable platform for constructive dialogue focused on strengthening collaboration in sustainability and responsible natural resource management. Both parties exchanged views on potential joint initiatives, with particular attention given to supporting smallholder farmers across ANRPC member countries in the context of evolving global environmental requirements.

The discussions underscored a shared commitment to advancing cooperation and promoting resilient, sustainable practices within the natural rubber sector, marking a positive step forward in the relationship between the two organisations.

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