It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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The German Rubber Industry Association (wdk) has released its third-quarter member survey for 2026, indicating a slight easing of anxieties regarding raw material availability. Despite this modest improvement in sentiment, the sector continues to grapple with persistently high costs, with no significant financial respite on the horizon.

wdk Chief Economist Michael Berthel addressed the findings, noting that the acute fears of immediate supply bottlenecks have subsided among member companies. However, he underscored that the overall situation remains highly unpredictable, particularly given the ongoing geopolitical tensions near the Strait of Hormuz, which continue to threaten global trade routes.

While the supply of necessary materials is currently stable, the wdk raw material index for a standard natural rubber compound has surged to its highest point in roughly two years. Berthel pointed out that this disconnect between secure supply and unrelenting price levels leaves firms facing a dual challenge, especially in Germany, where elevated energy costs compound the financial strain of expensive inputs.

The association’s report also reveals a bifurcated business climate, with robust international operations contrasting sharply with weak domestic orders. Berthel characterised the overall recovery as fragile, stressing that without substantial government action to reduce energy levies and bureaucratic hurdles, a genuine upturn for the domestic industry remains elusive.

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Hankook Tire, the exclusive tyre supplier for the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship, is set to equip all teams for a historic first in Japan. The 2026 TDK Tokyo E-Prix will mark the series' debut night races, with Rounds 14 and 15 of Season 12 scheduled to start at 20:00 local time on 25 and 26 July.

Tokyo’s presence on the Formula E calendar began in 2024 with the city’s inaugural FIA World Championship race, and it returned as a double-header in 2025. The temporary 2.575-kilometre Ariake waterfront circuit, featuring 18 corners and a mix of straights, technical sections and high-speed combinations, will host the event. Demonstrating a commitment to sustainability, the entire race weekend, including the floodlighting, will be powered by advanced biofuels in partnership with the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

The unprecedented evening timetable presents a strategic challenge for competing teams. With practice and qualifying occurring during the warmer afternoon, the races will unfold after sunset on a significantly cooler track. This shift demands that engineers not only collect effective data in daylight but also accurately predict tyre behaviour, grip and track temperature evolution as conditions cool towards race time.

Despite the evening start, Tokyo’s intense late-July heat and humidity are expected to persist, placing a premium on the Hankook iON Race tyre’s warm-up characteristics, stable grip and consistent performance. Throughout the weekend, Hankook will also host a booth in the Fan Village, allowing attendees to explore the company’s iON tyre technology and electric vehicle tyre lineup.

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Bridgestone Thailand has introduced the BRIDGESTONE POTENZA SPORT EVO, its newest premium sport tyre, during the IMPACT Speed Fest 2026 event. Positioned as a next-generation offering under the design philosophy of ultimate control and superior performance, the tyre was presented to media representatives for firsthand evaluation. Engineered to provide sharp responsiveness and precise handling, the product caters to drivers seeking sporty dynamics while also accommodating the growing electric vehicle segment under the EV Ready designation.

The tyre incorporates five core performance enhancements aimed at elevating driving confidence and efficiency. Braking capabilities have been significantly improved, with the tyre achieving the highest wet grip index across all available sizes, resulting in up to five percent shorter stopping distances on wet surfaces. Dry braking performance also benefits from an innovative curved tread block design that optimises contact pressure, reducing stopping distances by two percent. Handling stability is reinforced through a specialised groove layout and the integration of high-strength nylon and aramid fibre in the tread, ensuring firm grip across varying speeds.

Durability and energy efficiency have also been addressed, with material and structural upgrades extending tyre longevity by as much as 15 percent, equivalent to over 6,000 additional kilometres of use. Rolling resistance has been lowered by up to six percent, a feature particularly beneficial for electric vehicles. Bridgestone developed this tyre with a lightweight construction to support the performance expectations of EV drivers who continue to value acceleration and high-speed capability, aligning with the company’s broader sustainability objectives.

Available from 2026 in 71 sizes ranging from 18 to 22 inches, the POTENZA SPORT EVO is now accessible through authorised Bridgestone retailers and COCKPIT outlets nationwide, with online ordering options also provided. The launch reinforces Bridgestone’s commitment to blending sporty heritage with environmentally conscious engineering, offering a solution that meets the diverse needs of modern performance and electric vehicle owners.

Akihito Ishii, Managing Director, Bridgestone Sales (Thailand) Co., Ltd., said, “As a global leader in providing sustainable mobility and advanced solutions, Bridgestone is committed to continuous research and development to deliver innovative products that effectively meet the diverse needs of consumers. With this commitment, Bridgestone aims to redefine Thailand’s premium sport tyre segment through the launch of the new BRIDGESTONE POTENZA SPORT EVO. Developed under the concept of ‘Ultimate Control, Superior Performance’, this new tyre is engineered to excel in every aspect of driving performance, delivering an exhilarating driving experience while providing the safety and confidence drivers need on every journey.

“BRIDGESTONE POTENZA SPORT EVO is one of the innovations that Bridgestone is especially proud to introduce to consumers in Thailand, particularly those seeking premium, high-quality tyres. We are confident that this new tyre will not only meet the expectations of performance-oriented drivers but also expand our reach among EV owners who demand exceptional driving performance, precise handling, superior grip, and longer-lasting durability.”

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Kumho Tire USA has initiated the Georgia Veterans Tire Assistance Program, building upon its recent alliance with the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation. This new effort will distribute certificates for complete sets of four replacement tyres to 50 financially struggling veterans throughout the state, amounting to 200 tyres with a total value exceeding USD 50,000.

The programme acknowledges that dependable vehicles are critical for veterans to reach jobs, medical facilities and daily essentials. By covering the expense of new tyres, the initiative aims to ensure that recipients can travel safely and without the burden of unexpected automotive costs.

Administration of the programme falls to the GVSF, which will handle applicant selection and the distribution of certificates over the course of the year. Those not chosen in a given round may have their applications reconsidered in subsequent quarters, provided they continue to meet the established criteria.

Eligible applicants must be Georgia residents who are US military veterans, own or routinely use the vehicle in question and hold a valid licence, insurance and registration. Proof of financial hardship and tyres deemed unsafe due to wear, age or damage are also required, with a 24-month restriction on prior assistance. This marks the inaugural project under the Kumho-GVSF partnership, reflecting the tyre manufacturer’s broader dedication to enhancing community safety and mobility.

Edmund Cho, CEO, Kumho Tire USA, said, "When we announced our partnership with the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation, our goal was to identify meaningful ways to support Georgia's veterans and their families. The Georgia Veterans Tire Assistance Program puts that commitment into action by helping veterans maintain reliable transportation for work, appointments, family commitments and everyday needs."

Joe Higgins, Board Chair, Georgia Veterans Service Foundation, said, "The Georgia Veterans Service Foundation is grateful to Kumho Tire for this generous donation to help Georgia veterans continue travelling safely and stay connected to their communities. These tyre certificates will provide meaningful assistance to veterans by improving mobility, safety and access to essential resources."

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