It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Nokian Tyres has named Rhea County High School graduates Jesus Hernandez-Santiago and Josiah Shibley as the recipients of its 2026 college scholarship. The two students were selected based on their strong academic records, interest in STEM fields and commitment to excelling in extracurricular activities.

Now in its seventh year, the scholarship programme supports the company’s broader goal of preparing skilled professionals for the Southeast Tennessee workforce. Complementary initiatives include a robust apprenticeship programme, a work‑based learning scheme and a summer internship partnership.

Hernandez‑Santiago plans to study mechanical engineering at The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, having already taken college‑level math courses since his junior year through a dual enrolment programme. Shibley will attend Tennessee Tech to pursue civil engineering with an environmental concentration, aiming to combine his passion for the outdoors with his interest in construction.

Nokian Tyres also runs an apprenticeship with Cleveland State Community College, where six apprentices complete 8,000 hours of on‑the‑job training and 42 classroom credits. A work‑based learning partnership with Rhea County High School places two to four students annually at its high‑tech factory, while a separate internship with Bryan College offers mentorship and project experience.

Since opening its Dayton Factory in 2019 to serve North American markets, the tyremaker has earned multiple awards and became the world’s first tyre production facility to achieve LEED v4 Silver certification.

Nokian Tyres North America Human Resources Director Blake Markham, who serves as chairman of the Southeast Tennessee Workforce Development Board, said, “We are passionate about fuelling the employment pipeline in Rhea County and beyond. Our region benefits from strong partnerships between businesses, educational institutions and local governments that strengthen companies and change lives.”

Hernandez-Santiago said, “I feel so blessed to receive this scholarship because I have always loved the STEM field. Nokian Tyres has always been involved with the community, so I will do what I can to succeed and impact the community with the opportunity I have been given."

Shibley said, “I’ve lived in Dayton my whole life, and this opportunity has shown me what it looks like when a company invests in its community. This scholarship will help me worry less about money and focus more on school, and it means a lot that it’s coming from a company in my hometown.”

Maintenance Apprentice Emily Goodwin said, “Seeing the things in the classroom that I’ve already worked on has helped a lot. It feels like a once‑in‑a‑lifetime opportunity. This has changed my life.”

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Tyres Europe has formally responded to the European Commission’s consultation on the draft Delegated Regulation amending Annex I of the EU Deforestation Regulation. The association views the proposed text as a constructive and proportionate measure to enhance both operability and legal certainty.

A key focus of the submission is tyre retreading. Tyres Europe endorses the plan to limit the regulation’s scope to tyre treads, the only new rubber component added during retreading, while excluding used casings and finished retreaded tyres. This distinction aligns obligations with actual new rubber introduction, reduces administrative burdens on small and medium-sized enterprise retreaders and supports circular economy goals.

The association also welcomes clarifications on products for testing or analysis, used items and waste. Given ongoing supply chain preparations, Tyres Europe urges the Commission to adopt and publish the Delegated Regulation swiftly before the summer break to ensure legal certainty and implementation readiness.

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Scandinavian Enviro Systems AB (publ) has signed a letter of intent with an unidentified partner to license its proprietary pyrolysis technology for one pilot plant and multiple full-scale facilities in Brazil. The agreement focuses on converting end-of-life tyres into valuable raw materials.

The letter establishes a joint assessment of the project’s commercial and technical feasibility. This study will help the potential licensee evaluate key conditions for a possible long-term licensing deal and broader collaboration.

Brazil’s large scrap tyre market presents substantial long-term opportunities for sustainable recycling. While this potential partnership would strengthen Enviro’s role as a circular technology leader, any final agreements depend on the study’s outcome and further negotiations. There is no guarantee that binding deals will follow.

Fredrik Aaben, CEO, Scandinavian Enviro Systems, said, “We continue to see very strong and growing interest in Enviro’s technology, and this Letter of Intent is another clear indication of the commercial potential for our offering. Interest is coming from all major regions of the world, reflecting the increasing global demand for Enviro’s sustainable and scalable solutions for end-of-life tyres.”

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Apollo Tyres has earned five major industry honours at the JioStar Reimagine Awards 2025–26 and the Abby Awards 2026, recognising the strength of its recent advertising efforts. The company secured three Gold trophies at the JioStar Reimagine Awards for Best Use of Sports Talent, Best Content Integration – TV and Best Use of Multi-Screen Campaigns. It also captured two Bronze awards at the Abby Awards within the Audio Visual – TV category for both the Automotive and Corporate segments.

The acclaimed ‘Har Safar Mein Dum Hai’ campaign, rooted in Apollo Tyres’ ‘Go the Distance’ philosophy, transformed a traditionally low-interest product category into an emotionally compelling narrative. Instead of relying on standard celebrity endorsements, the campaign celebrated perseverance over mere victory and used cricket as a shared cultural connector to build authentic audience bonds.

Leveraging A R Rahman’s enduring anthem ‘Maa Tujhe Salaam’, the campaign was conceptualised by Simran Kanwar and became the fourth most discussed brand during the recent T20 World Cup. It outperformed competitors with triple the advertising spend, earning top honours across content, sports integration, film craft and multi-platform categories through sharp insight and distinctive execution.

Udyan Ghai, Group Head, Marketing, Apollo Tyres Ltd, said, “To see our campaign being celebrated by the industry at the JioStar and Abby Awards is an immensely proud moment for all of us. Winning for 'Har Safar Mein Dum Hai' is a beautiful tribute to our team’s hard work in creating stories that truly move people. It proves that our focus on emotional storytelling, strategic sports associations and multi-platform integration is exactly what resonates with today's audience.”

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