It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Pirelli has made its P Zero R and P Zero Trofeo RS tyres available in the replacement market, bringing the expertise gained from custom fitments for the world’s most prestigious and high-performance vehicles to a broader audience of enthusiasts seeking to unlock their car’s full potential. Developed alongside leading luxury automakers and already fitted to over 60 models – from European supercars to American muscle cars – these two tyres stand as the pinnacle of the P Zero range. Their exceptional quality was recently validated by the independent publication Tyre Reviews, which named the P Zero R the top performance tyre of 2026, describing the achievement as an impressive victory rooted in its outstanding capability across both dry and wet conditions.

Pirelli designed the P Zero R primarily for sportscars and high-end prestige models, while the P Zero Trofeo RS serves as a semi-slick aimed at delivering sustained maximum performance on the track for supercars, all while remaining road-legal. The P Zero R achieves its versatility through advanced compounds that ensure strong grip on various asphalt surfaces and in changing weather, with particular emphasis on wet-road confidence, while its tread pattern reduces interior noise. These attributes were confirmed by Tyre Reviews, which ranked the P Zero R first among eight ultra-high-performance summer tyres in its category, leading in dry braking and handling, excelling in wet handling and receiving praise for inspiring confidence even in extreme driving scenarios. Meanwhile, the Trofeo RS is defined by its ability to maintain consistent high performance across many demanding track laps, a capability demonstrated through record-setting runs on the Nürburgring Nordschleife.

Pirelli refines these tyres using its Milan-based R&D simulator for virtual development, with production carried out by MIRS robots at its Italian plant in Settimo Torinese and its facility in Rome, Georgia, the latter specialising in replacement tyres for the American market, particularly sportscars and local muscle cars. Beyond these offerings, Pirelli continues to advance original equipment technology with solutions such as Elect for electric vehicles, RunFlat for continued mobility after pressure loss, PNCS for cabin noise reduction and the Cyber Tyre system, which uses embedded sensors to relay real-time data for enhanced safety and performance.

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Kumho Tire USA has launched its inaugural Gaining Traction Programme in collaboration with the Broadmoor Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, presented by Gran Turismo, selecting four competitive racers who each call Colorado home. These drivers share five years or fewer of racing experience on Pikes Peak, yet have demonstrated exceptional skill, passion, and a fearless approach to the mountain’s unique demands.

Matus Huska of Parker will compete in the Pikes Peak Open division aboard his 2010 Audi TTS, bringing four years of experience to the climb. Earl O’Maley from Colorado Springs steps up in the Open Wheel division with three years under his belt, driving his 2015 O’Maley Special Spec V. Ernie Ramirez of Aurora returns for his second year in the Time Attack division piloting a 2013 Mitsubishi Evolution, while Arvada’s Ben Ryan, an old-school racer, enters the Pikes Peak Open division in a 1968 Plymouth Roadrunner after previous Time Attack entries in 2023 and 2024.

Through this inaugural programme, Kumho Tire USA provides the racers with financial support, a supply of KUMHO V730 tyres and driver development resources. Beyond on-track benefits, the drivers will gain visibility by participating in an autograph session at the Kumho Tire booth during Fan Fest in downtown Colorado Springs, offering direct engagement with racing enthusiasts and media.

The KUMHO V730 tyre is engineered for competitive driving environments, maximising grip and handling through a racing compound that combines ultra-high grip synthetic resins with fine carbon black. Its high-strength carcass and optimised footprint design work together to manage lateral cornering forces while enhancing endurance and longevity.

Ed Cho, CEO, Kumho Tire USA, said, "Our investment in these four talented Pikes Peak drivers goes beyond mere sponsorship; it's about fostering the next generation of motorsport champions and helping them navigate the unique demands of this legendary race. Each of the selected participants demonstrates remarkable potential and a passion for racing that aligns perfectly with Kumho Tire's spirit of innovation and performance. We look forward to seeing them leverage our most advanced, high-performance tyre to achieve new milestones in their competitive careers."

Melissa Eickhoff, CEO, Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, said, "Pikes Peak has long been a proving ground for talented drivers, and it's exciting to see a programme that invests directly in emerging competitors from Colorado. Through this partnership with Kumho Tire, these four drivers have the opportunity to grow their careers while contributing to the Colorado legacy that has defined the Race to the Clouds for more than a century."

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The Tire and Rubber Association of Canada (TRAC) has opened nominations for its 2026 Industry Leadership Awards, with a submission deadline of 24 April 2026. Honourees will be celebrated during the organisation’s Annual General Meeting in June.

Nominations are being accepted across four distinct categories – Leader of the Year, Young Leader, Lifetime Achievement and Sustainability. Anyone can put forward a candidate, though rules vary by category. Companies nominated must have a physical presence in Canada, while individuals may be based anywhere. Self-nominations are permitted only in the Sustainability category.

The Leader of the Year award recognises an individual who owns or manages a successful, innovative business within the tyre and rubber sector, including end-of-life tyre management or sustainability-focused operations. This person is known for significant contributions to their company, the wider industry and their community through time and resources devoted to social impact. Self-nominations are not allowed.

The Young Leader award celebrates inspiring leaders under the age of 40 who demonstrate excellence in management, innovation, technology or sustainability within their organisation or community. Self-nominations are not accepted.

Lifetime Achievement honours individuals with an extensive record of accomplishment, recognised by peers as builders and supporters who have made outstanding contributions and left an enduring legacy for both the industry and the broader community. Self-nominations are not accepted.

The Sustainability award is open to individuals or organisations advancing environmental, social or economic sustainability within the tyre and rubber industry. This includes end-of-life tyre management, market development for tyre-derived materials and strategic efforts such as advocacy, education or partnerships that expand end-use markets. Self-nominations are welcome.

These awards aim to highlight excellence, offering recipients a platform to raise their professional profile and stand out while celebrating dedication across the industry.

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Hankook Tire is preparing to take centre stage as the champion of TGL presented by SoFi Season 2 is decided. The highly anticipated Final Series unfolds over two days, 23 and 24 March 2026, at Florida’s SoFi Center, where the season’s defining matches will play out.

Since the 2026 season, Hankook has served as the inaugural Official Tire Partner and a Founding Partner of TGL, playing an integral role in the league’s identity. Guided by Chairman Hyunbum Cho’s emphasis on technological innovation, the brand has helped redefine sports entertainment by fusing golf with cutting-edge technology – a formula that has connected with audiences across 150 countries. During the Final Series, Hankook will maximise its premium visibility through prominent LED signage, broadcast graphics and television commercials. By standing alongside PGA stars at this historic moment, the company continues to strengthen its global premium reputation.

The championship showdown features Los Angeles Golf Club and Jupiter Links GC. Los Angeles earned its place by defeating reigning champions Atlanta Drive GC, while Jupiter Links advanced with an upset over regular-season leaders Boston Common Golf. Los Angeles enters with a formidable roster including Collin Morikawa, Justin Rose, Sahith Theegala and Tommy Fleetwood, having led the regular season in Triples Team Sessions, average driving distance, and fairway accuracy. Jupiter Links, anchored by Tiger Woods, Max Homa, Tom Kim and Kevin Kisner, showcased strategic dominance by topping the league in Singles Team Sessions and successful Hammer plays.

With both teams making their first Final Series appearance, a fierce battle for the inaugural title awaits. Hankook will be embedded at the heart of this milestone, further cementing its global integrated brand identity in the minds of golf fans worldwide.

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