It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.
Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.
Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.
The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.
The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.
The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.
The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:
• Political Globalisation
• Social Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Technological Globalisation
• Financial Globalisation
• Cultural Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Geographical Globalisation
My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.
Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.
Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long, built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.
On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.
The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.
The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance of mankind.
A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.
The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.
“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”
“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)
JK Tyre Raises Product Prices Amid Raw Material Surge
- By Sharad Matade
- August 11, 2026
JK Tyre & Industries has increased product prices and signalled further hikes as it seeks to offset rising raw material costs, even as demand remains resilient across segments.
The company said raw material prices rose about 20 percent quarter on quarter, with a further 8–10 percent increase expected in the following quarter. The increase has put pressure on margins, given that about 70 percent of tyre industry inputs are petro-based.
In response, JK Tyre raised product prices by 10–11 percent until August and plans an additional increase of 5–6 percent in the coming months to mitigate cost pressures.
The pricing action comes despite steady demand conditions. The company reported a 25 percent year-on-year increase in domestic volumes in the June quarter, supported by growth across both replacement and original equipment manufacturer segments.
Management indicated that demand remained stable across commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles and two- and three-wheelers, with no significant production cuts from OEM customers.
The company also said it continues to focus on premiumisation, with higher-margin products such as 16-inch and above passenger car tyres increasing their share in the sales mix.
Yokohama Rubber H1 Profit Soars More than Double And Raises Full-Year Outlook
- By Sharad Matade
- August 11, 2026
Yokohama Rubber reported record earnings for the first half of fiscal 2026, with profits more than doubling and margins reaching a historic high.
The Japanese tyre maker said sales revenue rose 10.4 percent year on year to ¥639.4 billion in the six months to June, while business profit increased 54.3 percent to ¥95.8 billion. Operating profit doubled to ¥109.7 billion, and profit attributable to owners of the parent rose 104.2 percent to ¥72.6 billion.
Business profit margin improved to 15.0 percent, compared with 10.7 percent a year earlier, marking a record level for the company.
Yokohama Rubber said the results reflected strong performance across its businesses, delivering record first-half highs in all key earnings categories.
Segment data showed that tyre sales revenue rose 10.8 percent year on year to ¥580.4 billion, accounting for 90.8 percent of total revenue, while the MB (Multiple Businesses) segment recorded revenue of ¥54.9, up 6.9 percent and contributing 8.6 percent of the total. Other businesses declined 3.6 percent to ¥4.2 billion.
Business profit growth was led by the tyre segment, where profit increased 57.3 percent to ¥89 billion. The MB segment posted profit of ¥6.3 billion, up 22.5 percent, while other businesses reported profit of ¥0.5 billion.
The company said tyre segment growth was supported by higher sales of high-value-added and high-inch tyres, as well as increased volumes in the off-highway tyre business. Replacement tyre demand strengthened across regions, with strong sales in Europe and continued expansion in North America.
Operating profit was also supported by a ¥35.3 billion gain on the sale of assets at a former off-highway tyre plant in Israel, partly offset by a one-off expense of ¥15.0 billion related to the closure of a US tyre plant in Salem, Virginia.
The company also revised upwards its full-year forecast for fiscal 2026. It now expects sales revenue of ¥1,320 billion, business profit of ¥192.5 billion, operating profit of ¥199.5 billion and profit attributable to owners of the parent of ¥117 billion.
JK Tyre Reports Steady Quarterly Revenue As Margins Face Pressure
- By TT News
- August 10, 2026
JK Tyre & Industries reported broadly steady revenue for the first quarter of the financial year, with profitability constrained by higher input costs.
The company posted consolidated revenue of INR 39.56 billion for the quarter ended 30th June, 2026, while earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) stood at INR 2.68 billion, implying a margin of 6.8 percent. Profit before tax was INR 0.54 billion and profit after tax came in at INR 0.43 billion.
According to the company’s financial statement, revenue from operations was INR 39.46 billion, compared with INR 38.69 billion in the corresponding period a year earlier.
Operating profit declined to INR 2.68 billion from INR 4.24 billionn a year earlier, reflecting pressure on margins.
Dr Raghupati Singhania, Chairman and Managing Director, said: “JK Tyre continued its steady performance in Q1FY27 with a consolidated turnover of INR 3.56 billion, supported by strong demand momentum across segments. The performance is driven by sharp focus on customer centricity, product excellence and disciplined execution across markets. During the quarter domestic volumes grew by 25 percent on year-on-year basis, across both replacement (12%) and OE markets (42%), with increasing contribution from higher-value added products. The continuing west Asis crisis led to a sharp increase in raw material prices which impacted our gross and operating margins. As is known approximately 70 percent of the tyre industry raw materials are petro based, hence, it is highly vulnerable to oil price movement”.
He added: “With a sharper focus on operating leverage, cost reductions, and increasing share of premium products, JK Tyre remains confident to improve performance in FY27 with double-digit revenue growth, aiming to create enduring value for all stakeholders with an increased profitability through strategic expansions”.
Dunlop And Beta Motorcycles Strengthen OE Ties With New Geomax Tyre Lineup
- By TT News
- August 08, 2026
Dunlop Motorcycle Europe has expanded its original equipment partnership with Beta Motorcycles, securing a deal to supply advanced Geomax tyres across the Italian brand’s trial and motocross lineups. The enhanced collaboration introduces new standard fitments for both competition disciplines.
For trial applications, the Geomax TL01 replaces the previous D803GP on Beta’s Evo and Sincro models. Engineered with a high-adhesion compound and a specialised block layout for angled terrain, the ultra-sticky tyre has already proven popular among Beta racers and now becomes factory-standard equipment.
In the motocross sector, Beta has adopted the Geomax MX34 for its entire RX range, covering both two-stroke and four-stroke 250 cc and 350 cc variants, as well as the 450 cc model. Designed primarily for intermediate ground, the versatile MX34 performs effectively across diverse surfaces, from soft mud to compacted dirt.
Donato Miglio, Race Team Manager Trial, Beta Motorcycles, said, "Geomax TL01 represents a significant step forward in performance, which is why we decided to adopt it as our original equipment trial tyre. Many of our riders already use it in competition, where it has proven its exceptional grip, stability and handling.”
Fabrizio Dini, Race Team Manager Motocross and Enduro, Beta Motorcycles, said, “In motocross, the latest generation of Dunlop MX tyres features significant performance improvements. Geomax MX34 provides excellent grip, particularly on dry surfaces, giving riders a reassuring feeling of safety and constant control. Both tyres suit our bikes perfectly.”
Miguel Morais, Original Equipment Manager, Dunlop Motorcycle Europe, said, “We are proud to deepen our partnership with Beta through the introduction of Geomax TL01 and MX34 across its latest trial and motocross models. Fitments like these are a strong endorsement of the capabilities of tyres throughout our range, and we’re excited that more and more riders will experience increased confidence and performance that helps them get the most out of their Beta motorcycles from their first ride.”
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