It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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The YOKOTEN QC Team from Apollo Tyres' Limda Bias Plant has achieved a top honour by securing a podium finish at the prestigious Ashok Leyland Supplier SAMRAT Award Competition 2025. This victory is considered a significant milestone for the company, emerging from a field of 78 competing supplier teams.

Throughout the multi-stage event, the team successfully demonstrated its quality control methodologies and a deep-rooted culture of continuous improvement. The competition involved rigorous evaluations, detailed presentations and a final assessment before a jury. The panel reportedly commended the team's systematic problem-solving techniques and the overall robustness of its quality assurance practices.

Apollo Tyres has stated that such customer recognition is a source of immense pride. The achievement is seen as a direct reflection of the organisation's unwavering commitment to delivering superior quality, value and customer satisfaction. This accolade reinforces the company's ongoing efforts to consistently raise performance standards across its operations.

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Eurogrip Tyres, a leading tyre brand from TVS Srichakra Ltd., is aggressively pursuing international growth, as evidenced by its recent participation in two major motor shows. The brand showcased its premium portfolio at the Expo Moto International Trade Show in Mexico City and the Colombo Motor Show in Sri Lanka, signalling a strategic push into the promising Latin American and South Asian markets.

These events provided a dynamic platform for the company to present its advanced research and technological capabilities directly to a global audience of customers, dealers and distributors. In Mexico, the display featured a comprehensive array of two-wheeler tyres, including popular patterns like the Roadhound and Trailhound STR. Simultaneously, at the Colombo show, the spotlight was on the high-performance Protorq Extreme radial tyre, complemented by other world-class products such as the Terrabite DB+ and Bee Sport, reinforcing the brand's diverse and innovative offerings.

T K Ravi, Chief Operating Officer, TVS Srichakra Ltd., said, “As we continue to build Eurogrip as a leading global 2-wheeler tyre specialist, we remain committed to earning customer trust through products that deliver performance, reliability and value. Mexico and Sri Lanka are key markets for us that help strengthen our brand presence in Latin American and South Asian markets. These international events enable us to strengthen our engagement with customers and partners – we get to give them a first-hand experience of our products and showcase the world-class research and development that goes into the making of each product.”

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Michelin North America, Inc. has channelled the proceeds from its latest annual charity golf tournament, a total of USD 771,000, to 10 community organizations across the United States and Canada. This year’s event was particularly notable for including the company’s first-ever Canadian charitable partner. Since the tournament's establishment in 1989, it has collectively raised over USD 10 million, reflecting Michelin’s enduring commitment to creating a tangible and positive impact in the communities where its employees live and work.

The range of beneficiaries highlights a focus on critical community needs, from child welfare and education to veteran support and cultural enrichment. In Canada, the Breakfast Club of Canada will use the funds to address child hunger by ensuring children have access to a nutritious morning meal, which is essential for their concentration, energy and overall capacity to learn. Meanwhile, in South Carolina, several organisations will benefit. The Champions Center for Special Children offers a therapeutic and educational environment for children with disabilities and complex medical needs. The Greenville Symphony Association continues its long-standing mission to enrich the community through live orchestral performances and educational programmes. Support also extends to the SC School for the Deaf and the Blind Foundation, which provides students with essential supplies and adaptive equipment, and Upstate Warrior Solution, which offers comprehensive services to veterans and first responders with the goal of ending unemployment, homelessness, and suicide.

Further afield, the funding will empower organisations dedicated to advocacy and care. In Emporia, Kansas, SOS, Inc. provides crucial support for victims of sexual and domestic violence, child abuse and human trafficking, offering shelter, resources and community education. Similarly, in Ardmore, Oklahoma, Sara’s Project operates as a children’s advocacy centre, delivering forensic interviews, victim advocacy and crisis education for families affected by trauma and abuse. In Norwood, North Carolina, Tillery Compassionate Care provides hospice and supportive care, aiming to bring hope and peace to nearly 7,600 seriously ill residents it has served since its founding.

The national scope of Michelin's philanthropy is further demonstrated by its support for Junior Achievement of Kentuckiana, which has empowered over 1.5 million youth with financial literacy and career skills, and the Best Defense Foundation. This latter organisation is dedicated to honouring military veterans by providing healing experiences and fostering connection, operating on the powerful principle of taking care of those who served the nation. Through this diverse and strategic charitable investment, Michelin continues to foster stronger, more resilient communities across North America.

Matt Feller, Director of Community Relations at Michelin North America, Inc, said, “Thanks to the generosity and support of our employees, partners and suppliers, this event continues to make an impact. Michelin is committed to being a responsible corporate citizen through philanthropic initiatives and active engagement in local communities. We foster local development and strengthen connections in the communities where our employees live, work and serve. We are proud to welcome Breakfast Club of Canada as our first Canadian beneficiary, alongside nine other organisations serving communities in Upstate, South Carolina; Emporia, Kansas; Ardmore, Oklahoma; Norwood, North Carolina; Louisville, Kentucky; and Solana Beach, California.”

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Nokian Tyres has finalised a significant organisational restructuring in Finland, resulting in workforce reductions designed to enhance its financial performance and operational efficiency. The company will eliminate 35 permanent white-collar roles and will also reassign job responsibilities as part of this change. This outcome is less severe than initially projected, as the company had originally estimated up to 55 permanent layoffs. These measures are scheduled to be fully implemented by the end of 2025.

Furthermore, the plan includes temporary layoffs for approximately 650 production employees, both blue-collar and white-collar, at its passenger car and heavy tyre facilities in Nokia. These temporary furloughs, which will be enacted by the end of 2026, will not exceed 90 days for any individual worker. This initiative, first announced in October 2025, is part of a broader global strategy. While the Finnish negotiations are complete, the company continues to undertake similar processes in its other international operations in compliance with local regulations.

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