It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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The Alliance for the Future of Tires (AZuR) is broadening its international footprint with a new European project group focused on tyre retreading. An inaugural online meeting for this initiative is scheduled for 22 July 2026, marking the first step in creating a pan-European network uniting companies, research bodies and sector specialists.

Retreading extends the lifespan of premium tyre casings, conserving raw materials and reducing CO₂ emissions while supporting Europe's circular economy. The sector faces regulatory shifts, including the ESPR Regulation, the Digital Product Passport and heightened traceability mandates.

The AZuR project group will serve as a permanent forum for retreaders, tyre makers, equipment suppliers, research institutes and associations. The agenda prioritises innovation, digitalisation, legislation, best practices and joint ventures, with the kick-off session defining the group's mission, thematic focus and structure.

The online meeting via Microsoft Teams on 22 July from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM CEST invites existing AZuR partners and new European stakeholders. Retreaders, manufacturers, academic institutions and associations are encouraged to participate and shape the platform from its inception.

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Triangle Tyre has secured a position on the 2026 list of China’s 500 Most Valuable Brands, with a recorded valuation of RMB 65.156 billion (approximately USD 9.62 billion). The announcement came during the 23rd World Brand Conference, hosted by World Brand Lab in Beijing on 24 June. The company’s inclusion underscores a consistent upward trajectory in brand equity, driven by comprehensive operational capabilities and sustained industrial focus.

The annual ranking assesses brands through financial metrics, brand strength and consumer behaviour analysis. The entry threshold rose to RMB 5.089 billion (approximately USD 751.62 million), while the collective brand value of the top 500 reached RMB 45.29 trillion (approximately USD 6.69 trillion), a year-on-year increase of RMB 3.26 trillion (approximately USD 481.48 billion). These figures highlight the accelerating expansion and rising influence of indigenous Chinese brands.

Central to Triangle Tyre’s brand prominence is its commitment to proprietary research. The company holds over 1,000 active patents and has achieved breakthroughs in giant engineering radial tyres, direct-pressure vulcanisation and aircraft radial tyres, establishing a fully independent intellectual property system. In May 2026, its self-developed civil aviation tyre received technical authorisation from the Civil Aviation Administration, followed by AS9100D aerospace quality certification in June.

Triangle Tyre has also integrated green design and low-carbon manufacturing across operations, utilising smart factories to enhance digital lean production. These efforts have yielded quality and efficiency gains, while the company’s environmental strategy earned the EcoVadis Gold Medal and strengthened its ESG framework. The brand’s national recognition affirms its innovative capacity and market performance, and the company aims to consolidate its competitive position through continued technological and operational excellence.

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Liberty Tire Recycling, North America’s foremost tyre recycler, has announced that its Chief Executive Officer, Thomas Womble, has been selected as a recipient of the prestigious EY Entrepreneur Of The Year Award for 2026 in the East Central region. The honour, presented by Ernst & Young LLP, distinguishes visionary business leaders who demonstrate exceptional innovation, sustained growth and a commitment to creating lasting value within their industries.

An independent panel of judges recognised Womble for his transformative leadership at the helm of the nation’s largest tyre recycling enterprise. Under his guidance, the organisation has evolved from a regional operator concentrated along the East Coast and Midwest into the only fully integrated, coast-to-coast recycler of its kind in North America. His efforts have been pivotal in pioneering advanced, sustainable applications for scrap tyre materials.

Beyond operational expansion, Womble has spearheaded several industry-first initiatives that underscore his commitment to environmental stewardship. He co-founded the Tire Recycling Foundation and serves on its board while also overseeing the publication of the company’s inaugural Sustainability Report. Additionally, he has forged strategic partnerships to address the collection and recycling of specialised tyres, such as those from bicycles and mining equipment, across both United States and Canada.

Established in 1986, the EY Entrepreneur Of The Year programme subjects nominees to a rigorous evaluation process that weighs financial performance, strategic growth and personal dedication to community impact. Regional winners like Womble are celebrated for their role in reshaping industries and fostering long-term economic and social progress.

Womble said, “Being recognised as Entrepreneur of the Year is one of the highlights of my entire career. I think entrepreneurship is what the American dream is built on. It's certainly what my DNA is built on, and to be honoured with such people that are making such a difference in the world is quite an achievement.”

Shannon Crone, Entrepreneur Of The Year East Central Program Co-Director and EY Executive Director, said, "Through their vision, focus and commitment to growth, they are building companies that move markets forward, create opportunities for their teams and strengthen the communities around them.”

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Prometeon Tyre Group has published its 2025 Sustainability Report, reinforcing the company’s commitment to environmental, social, governance and economic priorities. The document illustrates how sustainability considerations are now embedded within operational frameworks and strategic planning across the global tyre manufacturer’s industrial, agricultural and off-the-road segments.

The report highlights notable energy achievements, with renewable and high-efficiency sources accounting for 51.5 percent of total consumption. Certified green electricity and biomass represented 31.3 percent, while combined heat and power systems contributed 20.2 percent. For electricity specifically, the renewable share reached 47.5 percent, with the Milan headquarters and Cinisello Balsamo R&D centre fully powered by certified green energy and a new 116 kWp photovoltaic installation.

The Gravataí plant in Brazil maintained carbon neutrality for Scope 1 and 2 emissions through renewable certificates and a biomass boiler for process steam. Overall energy intensity per finished tonne dropped 14.7 percent since 2016, supporting the company’s ambition to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, in line with the Science Based Targets initiative’s 1.5°C pathway, despite a challenging international policy environment.

Material circularity also advanced, with recycled content reaching approximately seven percent, driven by increased recycled steel, rice husk ash-derived silica and pyrolysis oil-based carbon black. From January 2025, Turkish-produced Coach C02 tyres incorporate 23 percent ISCC+ certified materials via mass balance. The Group also earned a B score for Climate Change and B- for Water Security from CDP, placing it at the Management level for structured environmental governance.

Supply chain oversight intensified with 21 supplier audits covering 18 percent of annual raw material expenditure, assessing labour standards, safety and association rights, while cumulative coverage since 2021 reached 99 percent. Prepared under Global Reporting Initiative standards, the report underscores Prometeon’s systematic approach to measuring and communicating its economic, environmental and social impacts.

Nicolas Marchi, Chief of Internal Audit, Compliance, Sustainability & Institutional Relations Officer, Prometeon, said, “The 2025 Sustainability Report confirms Prometeon’s ability to translate its ESG objectives into tangible and measurable results. The increase in the share of energy from renewable and high-efficiency sources, the growth in the use of recycled materials and the recognition achieved through the CDP assessment demonstrate the soundness of the strategy we are implementing. In a rapidly evolving global scenario, we continue to view sustainability as a key driver of competitiveness, innovation and attractiveness. For this reason, we remain firmly committed to our journey towards net zero by 2040, engaging the entire value chain and further strengthening our commitment to people, customers, partners and the communities in which we operate.”

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