It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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MAXAM Tire has expanded its MS453 PRO line with the release of a new 24.00R35 size, designed specifically for rigid dump trucks operating in severe mining and aggregate environments. The premium tyre offers improved TMPH and TKPH capabilities alongside higher load capacity to boost productivity and extend service life under extreme conditions.

Engineered with a three-star casing to support heavy-haul rigid trucks, the new MS453 PRO model features an innovative self-cleaning two-stage tread void design that increases ground contact and grip for superior stability. Multiple tread compound options allow customisation to various site requirements, while a unique shoulder tie bar reduces lug deflection and stabilises the tread shoulder. Reinforced sidewalls, robust bead construction and enhanced steel belts deliver maximum puncture resistance.

With reduced void length to optimise the footprint and wear characteristics, the 24.00R35 addition strengthens MAXAM’s reputation as a reliable partner for global mining operations. The company continues to provide practical and advanced tire solutions that maximise performance where it matters most.

Jimmy McDonnell, VP – Sales & Marketing, MAXAM Tire, said, “At MAXAM, we know that mining & quarry operations demand more than just a tyre; they demand a solution that yields higher load capacity along with reliability that drives productivity. The new 3-star 24.00R35 MS453 PRO reflects our commitment to providing customers the confidence to take on tougher demands while lowering their total operating costs.”

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Goodyear is heading back to the lunar surface as part of a major new space initiative. Under NASA’s Artemis programme, the tyre manufacturer will equip Lunar Outpost’s Pegasus Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) with specialised tyres designed for astronaut missions scheduled to begin in 2028.

The Pegasus vehicle is built for the harsh conditions of the Moon’s South Pole, where extreme temperatures, rocky ground and low gravity pose constant challenges. Goodyear’s lunar tyres will help astronauts travel longer distances and conduct scientific work safely, relying on engineering developed from decades of Earth-based and space-based experience.

Lunar Outpost leads the vehicle’s development alongside General Motors, Goodyear and Leidos. This partnership combines expertise from multiple industries to support the next phase of human exploration, aligning with Goodyear’s broader goal of leading tyre innovation both on Earth and in space.

Chris Helsel, Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, said, "From breaking land speed records to traversing the Moon's surface to pushing the limits of the world's toughest race circuits, Goodyear innovations have been helping people travel safely on their own journeys for more than 125 years. Goodyear tyres first left tread marks on the Moon during the Apollo mission, and since then, Goodyear technology and the people behind it have kept making tyres worth bragging about."

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Tana Oy, a Finnish environmental technology company specialising in manufacturing mobile solid waste shredders, screens and landfill compactors, has unveiled a new digital tool called Tana Wingman, designed as an operator assistant for its line of TANA shredders. The system transmits live hopper camera footage and real-time equipment metrics directly to machine operators, with the stated goals of improving on-site safety and boosting processing efficiency. This digital assistant allows for more attentive monitoring of the shredding action and faster reactions to fluctuating feed conditions.

The solution is available as an optional upgrade for TANA Hammerhead and TANA Shark models, merging visual oversight with performance data on a tablet interface positioned inside the loading machine. Operators gain immediate access to critical readings without exiting their cabin, which promotes quicker judgments, consistent material flow and a safer work environment. A notable feature is its self-contained design, as Tana Wingman functions entirely on-site without relying on cloud servers or an internet link, keeping all data local.

This release strengthens Tana’s wider strategy of delivering smarter waste management through connected machinery, embedding practical intelligence directly into daily operations. By adding this tool to its digital suite, the company continues to focus on practical, machine-level enhancements rather than cloud-dependent solutions.

Retrofit kits are available for existing D series TANA Hammerhead and TANA Shark shredders, while new machines can receive the system during production. The setup uses a local Wi-Fi connection between the shredder and any commercial Android tablet running the Tana Wingman application, downloadable from the Google Play Store, with no need for proprietary hardware. Among the reported benefits are superior hopper visibility, fewer interruptions to leave the cabin, safer feeding practices, reduced risk of loader damage, transparent production capacity readouts and fully localised operation. Further details are accessible through authorised Tana distributors.

Petteri Tiainen, Product Marketing Manager – Digital Solutions, Tana Oy, said, “Tana Wingman gives operators immediate access to the information they need exactly where they need it. By combining a live hopper view with machine data, it supports faster decision-making, smoother material flow and safer day-to-day operation.”

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Citira, a Sweden-based company specialising in circular tyre management, has reached an agreement to acquire the Swedish truck and bus maintenance firm Malte Månson from the private equity group Accent Equity. The combination of Citira’s tyre expertise with Malte Månson’s vehicle servicing is designed to create a convenient, full-service offering for heavy vehicle fleets initially in Sweden, with further expansion planned across Europe.

For 108 years, Malte Månson has operated as a renowned independent maintenance partner for truck and bus operators throughout Sweden. The company has established a strong reputation for reliable day-and-night service, comprehensive drivetrain and ancillary equipment repairs and a warm customer approach. In 2025, the firm reported revenues of SEK 773 million (approximately USD 82.31 million).

The transaction remains subject to standard closing conditions and regulatory approvals, with finalisation expected in the third quarter of 2026. Following the deal, Staffan Lindewald and his fellow members of the management team are set to become co-owners of Citira.

David Boman, CEO, Citira, said, “Together with Malte, we can build a unique service offering for heavy vehicle fleets and users, delivering convenient and sustainable uptime, with only one point of contact for the customer. I am deeply impressed by the high-calibre team at Malte, which will be an excellent fit with our network of tyre shops.”

Staffan Lindewald, CEO, Malte Månson, said, “Citira felt like a natural fit for Malte. We share a position as an independent service-focused challenger. We share the same type of heavy vehicle customers for which we provide complementary services. With Citira, we can reach more customers, provide additional services to our existing ones and accelerate Malte’s growth journey.”

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