It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) participated in CSCAP 2026, a regional forum on Accelerating Sustainable Consumption and Production for Climate Justice and Value Chain Resilience in Asia-Pacific. The event took place on 23–24 September 2026 at the United Nations Conference Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. ANRPC was represented by Secretary-General Dr Suttipong Angthong upon the organisers' invitation.

The two-day forum was organised by AFMA, FeedUP@UN, Sustainism and the Rubber Authority of Thailand (RAOT). It gathered policymakers, industry leaders, smallholder cooperatives, civil society organisations, climate scientists and development practitioners from across Asia-Pacific. Discussions centred on SDG 12, SDG 13 and SDG 15, emphasising links between high-level policy and practical implementation in natural rubber, coconut and sugarcane sectors.

Rubber figured heavily in the discussions. On day one, a high-level panel examined sustainable rubber and derivatives, traceability and deforestation-free supply chains, weighing how producing countries handle the EU Deforestation Regulation, cross-border compliance and national biodiversity frameworks from farm to tyre. Later sessions explored affordable monitoring, reporting and verification tools for smallholders, sustainability-linked finance and a rights-based approach to climate justice.

Dr Angthong shared ANRPC's perspective on conditions in producing countries, where smallholders account for the vast majority of global output. He emphasised that sustainability requirements must be paired with practical support, fair pricing and affordable traceability solutions. This, he argued, would ensure smallholders are not shut out of sustainable markets but instead benefit from the transition.

Dr Angthong said, “Natural rubber is the livelihood of millions of smallholder families across our member countries. The shift towards deforestation-free, low-carbon supply chains is an opportunity for our sector – but only if it is inclusive. CSCAP 2026 provided a valuable platform for producers, buyers, regulators and financiers to work together on solutions that are credible, affordable and fair to farmers. ANRPC will continue to serve as the voice of producing countries in shaping these solutions.”

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Pirelli & C. S.p.A. (Pirelli) and ABET High Tech Solutions S.r.l. (ABET HTS) were formally notified on 28 September 2026 of a Prime Ministerial Decree approved on 24 September 2026. The measure followed a Golden Power Procedure initiated by the Prime Minister’s Office after the two companies submitted a joint notification concerning their defence-sector activities and related plans.

Central to that notification was a co-development agreement announced on 5 August 2026. The arrangement covers joint technological work on remote-controlled electric ground vehicles intended for rescue operations in particularly difficult and extreme environments and on challenging surfaces.

The decree identified as strategically significant for Italy’s defence system, under Article 1 of Legislative Decree No. 21 of 2012, both the defence-related work of Pirelli and ABET HTS and the co-development agreement itself. Consequently, the Cabinet exercised special powers over the matter.

Acting on maximum precaution and to safeguard fundamental national defence and security interests, the decree imposed techno-organisational measures on both firms. These are designed to protect industrial property rights, know-how, products and related data of strategic value while ensuring continuity and standards in their research and development activities in the sector, both current and future. Pirelli and ABET HTS received the decision favourably.

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Titan International, Inc. is celebrating the 10th anniversary of its Titan Strong Seller Associate Dealer Program, a decade defined by partnership, expansion and mutual achievement with its Associate Dealers and Master Distributors. What began as a dealer engagement initiative has grown into a central pillar of the company’s strategy, now counting hundreds of additional Associate Dealers and more than double the participation seen in its first full year. Over 30 percent of current members have remained with the programme since its early days, underscoring its success in retention, consistency and lasting value.

Associate Dealers in the programme consistently deliver strong results, supported by a broad set of benefits built to drive business growth and operational excellence. These include uncapped earning potential through volume incentives, priority access to new products and pre-order opportunities that offer a critical time-to-market edge and ongoing training and education. Hundreds of dealers receive instruction through Titan University and Advanced TIA Tire Service Training, while marketing support and sales tools are available via Titan’s dealer portal, THE HUB. Members also gain access to hundreds of products across multiple segments, opening new revenue streams and customer opportunities. Together, these elements form an ecosystem connecting dealers to Titan’s expertise, innovation and support network.

Titan’s industry partners demonstrate proper demounting techniques during the 2024 Advanced TIA Ag and OTR Tire Service Training.

Adaptability has been central to the programme’s longevity. Instead of remaining static, Titan has continually refined the initiative to keep it competitive, relevant and valuable amid rapid market change. To mark the milestone, the company unveiled a new ‘Decade of Strength’ emblem and updated marketing materials. Anniversary initiatives include a lowered first-tier incentive threshold, allowing dealers to begin earning rewards earlier in the year, special recognition for founding Associate Dealers and exclusive events such as a dedicated Associate Dealer and leadership dinner during Titan University in January and an upcoming event at the Farm Progress Show.

Looking ahead, Titan remains committed to strengthening its dealer network through continued investment in training, product innovation and programme improvements. The Titan Strong Seller Associate Dealer Program will keep serving as a strategic growth platform, helping dealers expand into new segments, seize emerging opportunities and stay competitive in a shifting marketplace.

Kendra Mann, Director of Aftermarket Sales, said, “For the past decade, the Titan Strong Seller Associate Dealer Program has reflected our unwavering commitment to our dealers’ success. This is not a transactional programme; it is a true growth partnership. By continuously investing in training, expanding product access and refining incentives, we’ve built a model that empowers dealers to grow their businesses while staying closely connected to Titan.”

Sam Morrison, Sales Programs and Promotions Manager, said, “What makes this programme unique is the combination of direct access to Titan and the strong partnerships we’ve built with our Master Distributors. Together, we’re able to provide Associate Dealers with the support, expertise and resources they need to succeed in their local markets.”

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Michelin-backed Biotech Open Platform has commenced operations at its new facility in France, with its first advanced fermentation projects now underway. The EUR-20-million site is located in the Sustainable Materials Centre within the Michelin Innovation Park – Cataroux in Clermont-Ferrand.

The platform supports start-ups, industrial companies and R&D organisations in developing, optimising, scaling up and validating fermentation-based processes, aiming to ensure more innovations progress from laboratory scale to conditions representative of industrial production. It offers integrated fermentation, purification and bioprocess development capabilities, including a complete fermentation line with a capacity of up to 15m³ and semi-industrial purification systems that remain rare in Europe. These capabilities meet the most stringent standards, particularly those applicable to food production, and enable production of sufficient volumes for application testing and validation stages preceding potential commercial production.

As scrutiny of fossil-based ingredients and resources grows, industrial biotechnology and advanced fermentation are opening opportunities to produce molecules, ingredients and materials from renewable resources. Advanced fermentation, including precision fermentation, uses microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria, microalgae and fungi as ‘microfactories’ capable of producing proteins, enzymes, food ingredients, cosmetic actives and bio-based materials for sectors including food and beverages, cosmetics, agriculture, chemicals and biomaterials.

Announced in 2024, the platform was born from a joint initiative by Danone, Michelin, DMC Biotechnologies, Crédit Agricole Centre France, Clermont Auvergne Innovation and Greentech. Dedicated teams and its own infrastructure guarantee strict project confidentiality and intellectual property protection, while Clermont Auvergne Métropole and the European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund, have supported creation of this strategic biotechnology infrastructure.

Florent Menegaux, Chairman, Michelin Group, said, “With the inauguration of Biotech Open Platform, we are turning a strong conviction into an industrial reality: biotechnology will play a major role in the sustainable transformation of many sectors. By providing companies with an open infrastructure and leading expertise, we want to accelerate the transition from research to industry. For Michelin, this is an opportunity to explore new ways of replacing certain molecules currently derived from petrochemicals with more sustainable, bio-based alternatives. More broadly, this platform aims to become a catalyst for innovation in support of European competitiveness.”

Khadidja Romari, Chief Executive Officer, Biotech Open Platform, said, “Biotech Open Platform was created to address a very concrete challenge in biotechnology: how to move from a promising process at laboratory scale to a robust process that can work at industrial scale. The infrastructure is important, but equipment alone is not enough. Scale-up requires experience, technical know-how and the ability to solve the issues that appear as the process moves from one scale to another. Confidentiality and protection of intellectual property are also essential for the companies we work with. Our role is to help them move faster and more securely towards industrialisation.”

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