It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Apollo Tyres Ltd has launched the new Apollo Aspire 5 summer tyre designed for performance sedans and SUVs, including electric vehicles. The next-generation model succeeds the Aspire 4G+ and is offered in 24 sizes to fit rims from 17 to 21 inches. Engineered to provide a premium driving experience at a competitive price, the tyre incorporates several key technological advances.

At its core is Apollo’s Dynamic Contour Technology, which utilises an advanced tread design and specialised compound. This includes integrated ‘diamond ridges’ that absorb road shocks to improve comfort and control. Building upon its predecessor, an evolved Synchronised Tread Pitch system effectively reduces vibrations and road noise, with some sizes achieving a top-tier noise rating.

Performance and durability are enhanced through a structure that ensures even pressure distribution during demanding manoeuvres, promoting stable handling and uniform wear. A novel low-hysteresis carbon black compound reduces heat generation and rolling resistance, contributing to both extended tread life and better fuel efficiency, the latter reflected in a favourable rolling resistance rating for select variants. Furthermore, the tyre promises strong all-weather capability, with an excellent wet grip rating available on certain sizes for confident braking.

The Aspire 5’s development was validated through rigorous global testing. The results indicate that its overall refinement and comfort meet or surpass the standards set by leading premium European tyre brands.

Daniele Lorenzetti, Chief Technology Officer, Apollo Tyres Ltd, said, “With the Aspire 5, our R&D teams focused on enhancing refinement and comfort without compromising dynamic performance. Every element of the tyre has been developed to meet the expectations of premium and executive car owners seeking both comfort and control, resulting in a tyre that combines quietness and composure with responsive handling and efficiency.”

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Madison, UK’s leading distributor of bicycle parts and accessories, has solidified its relationship with global tyre manufacturer Maxxis through a new exclusive agreement. Effective from the start of 2026, Madison has become the sole distributor of Maxxis bicycle tyres across the United Kingdom and Ireland. This move expands upon a partnership that began in 2017 and signifies a deepened, long-term commitment to growing the brand’s footprint in the region.

The decision to grant exclusivity underscores a mutual belief in the potential for further market development. Maxxis, an established leader in the premium tyre sector, will benefit from Madison’s extensive experience in cultivating cycling brands within the UK market. The distributor plans to implement a cohesive strategy for retail partners, focusing on consistent pricing, coordinated marketing and strengthened in-store support.

To bolster the brand’s visibility, Madison will channel additional investment into targeted marketing campaigns, retail activations and ambassador programmes. These efforts will be supported by the company’s in-house marketing resources, which encompass digital commerce, content production, public relations and social media management. Retailers can also expect tailored support through merchandising solutions and point-of-sale materials designed to enhance consumer engagement.

Operational stability and product availability for retailers of all sizes are set to be prioritised, leveraging Madison’s established logistics network. The existing roster of UK athletes and teams representing Maxxis will continue as a core component of the broader promotional strategy, supported by dedicated content creation.

Dom Langan, CEO, Madison, said, “We are delighted to strengthen our partnership with Maxxis. An exclusive approach allows us to work with clarity and purpose, offering consistent support for retailers and ensuring that Maxxis continues to thrive in the UK and Ireland. By aligning our strategy, resources and long-term ambitions, we are confident that we can drive meaningful, sustainable growth for the brand.”

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Webfleet, Bridgestone’s advanced fleet management solution, has partnered with Bia Power and ChargeBroker to form a comprehensive solution for electric vehicle fleet management. This integrated system is designed to work with a company's current setup, avoiding the need for new infrastructure.

The service begins with Webfleet providing operational data to Bia Power, which uses it to create optimal charging schedules. ChargeBroker then brings together various charging networks into one simplified platform. This end-to-end process makes managing large electric vehicle fleets far more efficient by seamlessly connecting vehicle operations with depot energy management.

It specifically solves the challenges of coordinating different vendor systems, offering a faster and more cost-effective path to fleet electrification. The services are now available globally for Webfleet users.

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Apollo Tyres has achieved a significant international distinction in workplace safety, with its Chennai and Limda (Gujarat) plants each receiving the prestigious Sword of Honour from the British Safety Council. This accolade represents one of the highest global recognitions for excellence in health and safety management. The honour was formally presented to Chief Quality and Safety Officer Yoichi Sato, alongside Chennai Unit Head C Thomasmathew and Limda Unit Head Piush Bansal.

This award follows both facilities having previously secured top-tier five-star ratings in the British Safety Council’s rigorous Occupational Health and Safety Audit. The Sword of Honour is specifically reserved for organisations that exhibit an outstanding and sustained dedication to upholding the utmost standards in employee health, safety and wellbeing. Notably, the Chennai plant received additional commendation for its achievements in Innovation and Development.

These awards highlight Apollo Tyres' proactive and systematic approach to fostering a pervasive safety-first culture across its operations. The company's efforts extend beyond mere regulatory compliance, reflecting a deep-rooted commitment to cultivating secure, healthy and sustainable working environments for all employees, contractors and stakeholders. By consistently demonstrating world-class safety management and a drive for continuous improvement, this milestone reinforces Apollo Tyres' standing as a responsible industry leader aligned with global best practices.

Yoichi Sato, Chief Quality and Safety Officer, Apollo Tyres Ltd,, said, “Receiving the Sword of Honour for both our plants is a matter of great pride for everyone at Apollo Tyres. This recognition reinforces our belief that operational excellence begins with putting people first. We remain committed to continually strengthening our health and safety practices across all our operations, guided by our ‘Safety First’ philosophy.”

Peter McGettrick, Chairman, British Safety Council, said, “On behalf of the board of trustees and staff of the British Safety Council, I would like to congratulate Apollo Tyres on achieving the highest standards of its health, safety and wellbeing management. Achieving recognition of this sort takes absolute dedication and the utmost professionalism. We are proud to support you in your achievements and delighted we can contribute to your ongoing success.”

Mike Robinson, Chief Executive, British Safety Council, said, “I would like to congratulate Apollo Tyres and its staff on this award, in tribute to their commitment to keeping their workplace safe and healthy and contributing to safeguarding the environment. All of the Sword, Globe and Shield award-winning organisations share a commitment and willingness to achieve the uppermost standards of health and safety. We thank Apollo Tyyres  for contributing to achieving our vision that no one should be injured or made ill through their work.”

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