It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.
Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.
Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.
The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.
The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.
The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.
The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:
• Political Globalisation
• Social Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Technological Globalisation
• Financial Globalisation
• Cultural Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Geographical Globalisation
My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.
Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.
Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long, built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.
On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.
The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.
The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance of mankind.
A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.
The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.
“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”
“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)
Continental Unveils Next-Gen ContiTread HDL 5 EP Retread For Long-Haul Fleets
- By TT News
- July 16, 2026
Continental has expanded its ContiTread product line by introducing the HDL 5 EP, a new long-haul drive retread engineered to meet the rigorous demands of modern fleet operations. This next-generation offering is designed to deliver consistent performance while simultaneously improving fuel economy and reducing the overall cost per kilometre for commercial carriers.
The retread incorporates a five-rib tread architecture that ensures reliable traction across extended highway routes. Its specially optimised contact patch, working in conjunction with V-shaped grooves, promotes uniform rubber wear, thereby prolonging the service life of the tread and enhancing the return on investment for each retreading cycle. The tyre is currently produced in sizes 220, 230 and 240, all featuring a uniform tread depth of 21/32.
By focusing on increased durability and operational uptime, Continental positions the HDL 5 EP as a sustainable and intelligent choice within its broader ContiTread portfolio. The tyre aims to provide a practical solution for fleets seeking to balance high performance with long-term efficiency in challenging over-the-road environments.
Galaxy Enters Fast-Growing UTV/ATV Segment With Hulk PSX And Everest PSX Tyres
- By TT News
- July 16, 2026
Galaxy, a leading global brand of construction, earthmoving and material handling tyres, has announced its entry into the rapidly expanding UTV and ATV market. The company is launching two flagship product lines, the Hulk PSX and the Everest PSX, which build upon the firm’s century-long heritage in engineering high-performance tyre solutions.
The new tyres are specifically engineered for off-road and utility applications, promising superior durability, extended service life and enhanced traction on challenging surfaces. Both ranges also prioritise puncture resistance, stability and ride comfort, catering to a diverse array of recreational and operational needs.
The Hulk PSX is positioned for off-road enthusiasts, featuring a durable compound for longevity, tough sidewalls to resist cutting and a radial construction that supports high-speed performance. Its design includes shoulder blocks for improved cornering, a deep tread for traction, and a high tread-to-void ratio for stability, with various sizes available for 12- and 14-inch rims.
Conversely, the Everest PSX targets utility-focused users, offering resistance to cuts and abrasions, reduced vibration through pattern continuity and strong wet-surface grip. It includes rim protection and puncture-resistant features to ensure durability and is offered in multiple sizes for 12-, 14- and 15-inch rims to suit a wide range of UTV configurations.
Dyutiman Chattopadhyay, Chief Technology Officer, Yokohama-ATG, said, “Building on its 100+ years legacy, Galaxy’s entry into the UTV/ATV category is a strategic step in strengthening its presence globally. These tyres are designed to meet the evolving needs of customers seeking performance, reliability and durability in extreme conditions.”
Bridgestone Issues Summer Heat Safety Advisory For Motorists
- By TT News
- July 16, 2026
Bridgestone has issued a comprehensive advisory for motorists confronting the perils of summer heatwaves, which present significant challenges for both drivers and their vehicles. The combination of scorching tarmac, fully laden holiday luggage and extensive motorway travel can subject tyres to extraordinary strain. In response, the tyre manufacturer has outlined essential precautions to enhance road safety during elevated temperatures.
When temperatures climb beyond 30 degrees Celsius, the company emphasises the need for drivers to prioritise personal wellbeing. Adequate hydration and regular respite are paramount, as excessive heat can impair concentration and slow reaction times. Experts suggest scheduling a break at least every two hours, while seeking shaded parking areas is recommended to curb heat accumulation inside the vehicle.
Beyond passenger comfort, Bridgestone highlights critical technical considerations for hot weather. Tyres are particularly susceptible to added stress, prompting the company to urge pre-trip inspections. Prior to lengthy excursions, tyre pressure should be checked when cold, as heavier holiday loads require adjustment. Under-inflation can exacerbate heat generation, adversely affecting wear, stability and braking distances, with specific pressure guidelines often available for laden vehicles.
Driving behaviour requires modification under these conditions. High speeds on hot road surfaces generate significant additional heat within tyres, a risk that escalates with a full vehicle or trailer. Bridgestone counsels motorists to moderate speed and adopt a smooth driving style. A visual inspection for cracks, bulges or embedded debris is also imperative, as high temperatures intensify the effects of damage, with older tyres being especially vulnerable.
The advisory also addresses unpredictable summer weather, where heatwaves can abruptly give way to thunderstorms and heavy rain. The sudden shift from hot tarmac to a wet surface places tremendous demands on tyres and drivers. Maintaining sufficient tread depth and equipping the car with high-performance summer tyres is essential for effective water dispersal and control during these sudden changes.
Bridgestone points to its Turanza 6 tyre as a solution for these demands, offering excellent wet grip and short braking distances on wet roads. This premium touring tyre also provides enhanced driving comfort, improved mileage and optimised fuel efficiency. Motorists can therefore navigate changeable summer weather with heightened confidence and peace of mind.
Andy Mathias, Head of Marketing, North Europe, said, “The high temperatures we are currently experiencing in many parts of Europe pose particular challenges for drivers and vehicles. This makes it all the more important to pay special attention to road safety. With well-maintained tyres, regular checks and anticipatory driving, motorists can significantly improve their own safety and that of their passengers.”
AZuR Launches European Project Group To Advance Tyre Retreading Industry
- By TT News
- July 15, 2026
The Alliance for the Future of Tires (AZuR) is broadening its international footprint with a new European project group focused on tyre retreading. An inaugural online meeting for this initiative is scheduled for 22 July 2026, marking the first step in creating a pan-European network uniting companies, research bodies and sector specialists.
Retreading extends the lifespan of premium tyre casings, conserving raw materials and reducing CO₂ emissions while supporting Europe's circular economy. The sector faces regulatory shifts, including the ESPR Regulation, the Digital Product Passport and heightened traceability mandates.
The AZuR project group will serve as a permanent forum for retreaders, tyre makers, equipment suppliers, research institutes and associations. The agenda prioritises innovation, digitalisation, legislation, best practices and joint ventures, with the kick-off session defining the group's mission, thematic focus and structure.
The online meeting via Microsoft Teams on 22 July from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM CEST invites existing AZuR partners and new European stakeholders. Retreaders, manufacturers, academic institutions and associations are encouraged to participate and shape the platform from its inception.
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