It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Giti Tire has marked 26 consecutive years of global motorsport involvement, using high‑pressure racing environments as a live testing ground for engineering innovation and tyre durability. The company’s long‑term commitment spans professional circuits and extreme off‑road terrain, driven by the principle that true performance depends on control, confidence and stability rather than power alone.

Strength combined with intelligence defines the Giti brand, symbolised by the elephant. On the racetrack, this philosophy translates into continuous refinement of tyre performance through every corner and every surface challenge, turning competition into a real‑world technology laboratory.

Over the past 26 years, Giti has competed in a wide range of international disciplines. Since 2009, the company has been a regular participant in the Giti 4x4 Extreme Series, where gruelling off‑road conditions push endurance and durability to their limits. These experiences have directly advanced all‑terrain and SUV tyre technologies.

For the past decade, Giti has also taken part in the legendary Nürburgring endurance races in Germany, one of the world’s most punishing circuits. Insights gained there have improved high‑speed stability, heat management, grip and wet‑weather handling. Giti’s presence extends across Asia and Europe through partnerships with professional racing teams and technical specialists.

Motorsport serves Giti as a catalyst for safer and smarter consumer tyres. Every challenge from desert heat to ice, gravel and rugged terrain accelerates research into durability and high‑speed performance. Technologies proven in racing are later adapted for everyday drivers, reinforcing the company’s focus on sustainability and continuous improvement.

Looking ahead, Giti remains committed to investing in engineering and global racing partnerships as automotive electrification and mobility needs evolve. To commemorate the 26‑year milestone, the company has released a special video highlighting key moments and technological achievements, underscoring that its motorsport journey is not simply about winning races but about pushing boundaries with resilience and precision. Click here  to watch the video.

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Kumho Tire USA has formalised a new long-term partnership with the Georgia Department of Veterans Service and the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding. The agreement aims to serve approximately 680,000 veterans and their families across the state, uniting private industry, state government and a nonprofit organisation under a shared commitment to supporting those who have served in the military.

Under the newly established collaboration, Kumho Tire USA and the Georgia Veterans Service Foundation will work together to identify and deliver programmes designed to create meaningful impact for Georgia’s veteran community. While specific initiatives have yet to be announced, they will be revealed as the partnership continues to develop. The alliance reflects a sustained, active approach to veteran support rather than one-time gestures.

The partnership first drew public attention earlier this year during Kumho Tire Night at State Farm Arena, where Georgia Veterans Service Foundation representatives were honoured as Co-Captains before an Atlanta Hawks game against the Boston Celtics. That moment, occurring ahead of the NBA matchup, symbolised the mutual respect and recognition now codified in the formal agreement.

Edmund Cho, CEO, Kumho Tire USA, Inc, said, "At Kumho Tire USA, we believe that doing business in America means giving back to America. We are honoured to stand alongside the GVSF in this commitment, and we look forward to building something lasting together for Georgia's veterans."

Dr Patricia Ross, Ed.D. (Col, USAF Ret.), Commissioner, Georgia Department of Veterans Service, said, "Georgia's veterans have earned our unwavering support, and partnerships like this one are exactly how we deliver on that promise. We are proud to welcome Kumho Tire USA as a committed partner alongside GVSF, and we look forward to the meaningful work ahead for the veterans and families we serve across this state."

Joe Higgins, Board Chair, Georgia Veterans Service Foundation, said, "The Georgia Veterans Service Foundation exists to connect Georgia's veteran community with the resources and support they deserve, and that work is always stronger when the private sector steps forward as a true partner. We are grateful for Kumho Tire USA's commitment and excited about what this three-way collaboration will make possible."

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Sun Auto Tire & Service has expanded its Midwest footprint by acquiring the Main Street Tire & Auto location in Virden, Illinois. The transaction took effect immediately, and the newly acquired store will become part of the Sun Auto Network before rebranding under the Plaza Tire Service name.

Plaza Tire Service, a Midwest institution known as the ‘Quick Change Artist’ for more than six decades, will see its Illinois presence strengthened through this addition. The move broadens regional service coverage by integrating a trusted community shop with the extensive resources of a national network. Customers at the Virden location will continue to benefit from familiar local relationships while gaining access to enhanced operational support, advanced technology and customer-focused tools.

The Virden site offers a full range of automotive care, including major tyre brands backed by Sun Auto’s price match guarantee, alignments, brake service, oil changes, batteries, diagnostics and preventative maintenance. This acquisition marks the 16th Plaza Tire Service location in Illinois and supports Sun Auto’s ongoing expansion across key Midwest markets.

Rob Kingery, Regional Vice President, Operations, said "Virden represents an important opportunity to continue growing the Plaza Tire Service brand in Illinois. This location allows us to expand our reach while reinforcing the operational strength and consistency our network is known for."

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Pirelli Design and cycling apparel leader Santini Cycling have unveiled the Santini x Pirelli Sport Club 2026 collection, an evolution of their partnership launched in 2024. Inspired by the Pirelli Sport Club, founded in Milan in 1922 to encourage employee physical activity, the line celebrates Italian craftsmanship, performance and style.

The 2026 collection expands with fresh garments and graphic updates. Among the technical highlights is the new Fast jersey, engineered for maximum aerodynamics with ultralight fabrics and a second-skin fit. Returning Ruota and Tape models receive refined detailing, while the Pirelli SC jersey now features an all-over logo pattern in black and a new chocolate colourway.

All jerseys have a unisex fit and pair with Pirelli SC bib shorts with a C3 chamois for long-distance comfort. A heritage wool jersey features an embroidered Pirelli logo, mother-of-pearl buttons and a metal zipper. The new road skinsuit maximizes aerodynamic efficiency with breathable upper fabrics, woven striped sleeves and high-density lower section for muscular support.

Technical pieces include baselayers, a packable wind jacket and vest, plus socks, caps and bottles. A lifestyle line offers T-shirts, sweatshirts and casual garments with premium materials and distinctive graphics. The collection unites sporting passion, industrial heritage and design excellence, offering cyclists a cohesive wardrobe for both competition and daily life.

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