It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Continental has introduced a Collector's Edition of its Grand Prix 5000 S TR road tyre, a benchmark product developed alongside Tadej Pogačar, the multiple World Champion and Tour de France winner. The limited release sits within the company's ‘Share the Road’ campaign, which seeks to advance road safety, mutual respect and harmonious coexistence among all road users while delivering top-tier performance.

At the heart of the effort is ‘Pogi’, a figure the brand and Pogačar devised together. Appearing across a set of animated stories, the character conveys the central idea that the roads belong to everyone. Each limited-edition tyre package also includes a physical Pogi collectible, extending the character beyond the screen.

The 30-622 tyre carries custom Pogačar branding, including a dedicated Pogi logo and hundreds of miniature Tadej Pogačar logos worked subtly into the Grand Prix 5000 S TR lettering. It retains Continental's benchmark technologies – the BlackChili Compound, Vectran Breaker, Active Comfort Technology and Lazer Grip – and is aimed at both cycling enthusiasts and collectors.

Hannah Ferle, Road Product Manager, Continental Tires, said, “The trust placed in us by world-class athletes like Tadej is both an honour and an incentive. With the Grand Prix 5000 S TR Pogačar Edition, we wanted to bring together our race-proven road performance with a meaningful initiative. Every tyre is crafted with precision to deliver the optimal balance of speed, grip and reliability while celebrating our shared commitment to making roads safer for every rider.”

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DUNLOP has become the first-ever Presenting Partner of the Goodwood Revival, cementing its place in the event’s history after an exceptionally successful partnership at this year’s festival. The three-day event, held from 18 to 20 September, attracted 150,000 attendees from 172 countries and marked the iconic tyre manufacturer’s most prominent presence at the circuit in nearly eight decades.

The Revival provided DUNLOP with an unparalleled platform to celebrate its rich motorsport legacy and connect with a global audience of enthusiasts, collectors and industry professionals. Its presence represented a significant milestone, returning the brand to the Goodwood Motor Circuit nearly 80 years after it first supported the venue’s opening in 1948. The comprehensive activation featured a 600-square-metre exhibition stand, VIP hospitality adjacent to the pit lane and prominent event and circuit branding throughout the weekend.

At the DUNLOP stand in the Revival’s Earls Court motor show, around 25,000 visitors experienced the brand first-hand across all three days, drawn by a trio of Ford GT MkIIs that dominated the podium at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1966. Attendees engaged directly with DUNLOP’s heritage, innovation and commitment to motorsport excellence, while the event’s international turnout underscored the universal appeal of the brand’s story and its enduring position within global motorsport culture. The response from visitors was overwhelming, with the activation highlighting DUNLOP’s history and racing legacy in a unique way.

The inaugural year as Presenting Partner has established a blueprint for future collaboration, resonating with an audience that values heritage, authenticity and engineering excellence. As DUNLOP strengthens its position within global motorsport, the Goodwood Revival partnership stands as a cornerstone activation, celebrating the brand’s legendary status while positioning it as an innovator for the future.

Dennis Wilstermann, Marketing Manager, DUNLOP, said, “Our stand was consistently busy throughout the three days. The level of interest in the DUNLOP brand was remarkable, and the conversations we had with customers, fans and partners were genuinely positive. We are already looking forward to returning to Goodwood Revival in 2027. We cannot wait to return to the Goodwood Revival in 2027. This year has been a powerful reminder of why Goodwood Revival matters to DUNLOP – and why DUNLOP matters to Goodwood Revival."

Hiroshi Hamada, Manging Director, Chairman and CEO, Dunlop Tyre Europe GmbH, said, “This was our first year at Goodwood Revival as Presenting Partner, and it was an unqualified success for us. DUNLOP returning to Goodwood with such a strong presence after so many years is a story in itself – one that validates our commitment to motorsport heritage and innovation.”

The Duke of Richmond CBE DL said, “We were delighted to welcome DUNLOP as presenting partner of Goodwood Revival this year. Having been an integral part of racing here for almost 80 years, the partnership reflects a shared heritage stretching back to 1948, when it was among the original supporters of the Goodwood Motor Circuit. From DUNLOP’s hugely popular stand in Earl's Court, featuring the Ford GT MkIIs that famously finished 1-2-3 at Le Mans in 1966, to its presentation of Sunday's flagship Royal Automobile Club TT Celebration race, the partnership was a fitting celebration of our shared history and passion for motorsport. We look forward to continuing that relationship in the years to come.”

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Bekaert has marked a significant sustainability milestone with the commissioning of its first solar energy project in Latin America. The installation at the Proalco Malambo facility in Barranquilla, Colombia, features 1,986 rooftop panels now generating renewable electricity on site, translating the company's sustainability strategy into concrete local action.

The Malambo plant produces a diverse range of steel wire products for agriculture, construction, upholstery, energy, utilities and general industrial applications and employs nearly 200 people. With an installed capacity of 1,291 kWp, the solar array is projected to generate roughly 1.87 gigawatt-hours of renewable electricity each year, meeting a quarter of the facility's power needs. The company estimates this will cut carbon dioxide emissions by 117 tonnes annually, supporting its broader goal of reducing its environmental footprint and advancing the low-carbon transition.

Beyond environmental gains, the project tackles practical energy concerns. The site previously relied entirely on external electricity amid rising costs and mounting grid pressure. On-site generation now enhances cost efficiency and operational resilience by limiting exposure to price volatility and potential supply interruptions. The initiative also aligns with Colombia's national sustainability objectives by promoting non-conventional renewable sources, while the use of local suppliers and contractors bolsters the regional economy and community.

The Colombian project extends Bekaert's wider track record of renewable investments, following solar deployments in Europe and Asia and ongoing expansion through on-site generation and long-term energy agreements. Expansion in the region is already planned, with a second phase envisioned at the Muña plant in Bogotá.

Fernando Montes, General Manager Proalco, said, “This project represents a major step forward in our commitment to sustainability. As the largest investment project at our site, it reflects a high level of ambition and was delivered safely over one year. It will make a meaningful difference by reducing emissions, lowering energy costs and strengthening the reliability of our operations.”

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Trelleborg Tires will present its newest agricultural tyre solutions at EIMA International 2026 in Bologna, Italy, scheduled for 10–14 November at Hall 14, Stand B2. The lineup includes the TM800 PowerFlex for mid- to high-powered tractors, the TM3000 VF 1250/50R32 for spreaders and sprayers and the TM1000 ProgressiveTraction for high-horsepower tractors. Two new tyre solutions will be unveiled at a press conference on 10 November at 5:00 p.m. at the company's stand.

The TM800 PowerFlex combines VF-PFO technology with a patented ProgressiveTraction lug design. A newly developed central rib derived from road tyre geometry supports stability, steering precision and transport comfort. Field tests recorded up to 17 percent more traction than premium competitors, a 5 percent wider footprint for reduced soil compaction, improved self-cleaning from redesigned interlug terraces, 6 percent lower rolling resistance and up to 20 percent longer tyre life.

The TM3000 VF 1250/50R32 employs VF technology to allow up to 40 percent more load at the same pressure or up to 40 percent lower pressure at the same load. Its low-compaction footprint and rounded shoulders protect soil health, while ProgressiveTraction technology delivers grip, self-cleaning and even wear. Field evaluations showed a 19 percent larger footprint than premium competitors, and optimised tread patterns support larger machines with greater comfort.

The TM1000 ProgressiveTraction pairs VF-PFO technology with ProgressiveTraction lugs for higher load capacity at lower pressures. It offers up to 10 percent more traction and up to 12 percent more hectares per hour than premium competitors, with an extended footprint protecting soil structure. Independent testing showed up to 30 percent higher durability, and selected rear tyres carry up to 5,000 hours of certified tread wear performance.

Coverage under the Premium Care programme extends to the TM1060, TM1000, TM900 and TM800 ranges, all featuring ProgressiveTraction technology. If tread depth drops below 20 percent before 5,000 hours, customers receive a credit based on unused hours towards a new tyre of the same model and size. The programme aims to lower total cost of ownership and reduce downtime in demanding conditions.

Luca Sabelli, Brand Director, Trelleborg Tires, said, “Stunning tyre innovation means turning advanced engineering into tangible benefits for agricultural professionals. Our focus is on developing high-performance tyre solutions that help farmers and contractors get the most out of their machinery, delivering superior traction, extended tyre life and unmatched productivity. At EIMA 2026, we look forward to showcasing our latest innovations and demonstrating how Trelleborg tyres are driving the future of agricultural productivity.”

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