It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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ZC Rubber has unveiled plans to establish a new tyre production base in Vietnam, adding another site to its worldwide manufacturing map. The plant, occupying 344,195 square metres within IDICO Phu My II Expansion Industrial Park, is targeted to start output in 2027.

A newly created subsidiary, ZHONGCE RUBBER VIETNAM COMPANY LIMITED (ZCV), will run the operation. The company marked a developmental milestone in Ho Chi Minh City on 12 November 2026, when it obtained the investment registration certificate and formalised a land sublease with IDICO Corporation.

The Southeast Asian nation's location, trade relationships and maturing industrial base make it a sound choice for the venture, which will cater to Vietnamese and regional demand while reaching European and North American buyers. The move fits ZC Rubber's wider push to spread production across multiple countries and reinforce supply flexibility for distributors and customers globally.

Henry Shen, Senior Deputy General Manager, ZC Rubber, said, “Our overseas investments are guided by a long-term goal: to build a manufacturing network that supports our customers as their markets evolve. The Vietnam facility will give us greater flexibility to serve key markets and support our partners’ growth. We appreciate the support of the local authorities and will work closely with IDICO to deliver this project to high standards.”

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Tyres Europe has released its members’ replacement tyre sales figures for Q3 and the first nine months of 2026. Secretary General Adam McCarthy cautioned that modest nine-month gains should not obscure a weak third quarter. Consumer tyres across passenger car, SUV and light commercial dipped 1 percent in Q3 versus 2025, though nine-month volumes stayed 1 percent ahead, with all-season tyres up 13 percent in the quarter and 10 percent over nine months.

Summer tyres slipped 1 percent in both periods as demand shifted towards all-season, while winter tyres fell 11 percent in the quarter and remained 9 percent lower over nine months. Miles travelled declined again on high fuel prices and weak consumer confidence amid Middle East conflict, at about half Q2's pace, and PCLT imports into the EU27 plus UK dropped 7 percent from January to August.

Chinese imports more than halved year on year in July and August after July's anti-dumping duties. Truck & Bus tyres were stable in the quarter after strong Q2 growth and stood 4 percent higher over nine months, with freight volumes beating expectations and truck tyre imports up 26 percent. Agricultural tyres fell 34 percent quarterly and 17 percent over nine months, Moto & Scooter tyres dropped 5 percent in the quarter but stayed 2 percent higher over nine months. The full report is available on Tyres Europe's website.

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Goodyear brought generations of performance heritage to the 2026 SEMA Show in Las Vegas, where its tyres appeared on some of the event's most talked-about vehicles. The annual automotive aftermarket gathering ran from 3–6 November at the Las Vegas Convention Center, drawing builders, manufacturers, buyers, media and enthusiasts for four days centred on innovation, new products, craftsmanship, performance and emerging trends. For Goodyear, the setting was familiar territory, as racing has long served as both a proving ground and an inspiration for its street products.

A 1928 Ford Model A reimagined by TQ Customs as an F1-inspired mid-engined hot rod stood out among the featured builds. It pairs a custom chassis and roll cage with a Honda K20 engine and Porsche transaxle, riding on custom Goodyear Eagle F1 tyres sized 275/45R18. Three F-550 Super Duty trucks wore Goodyear's heavy-duty G275 MSA in 335/80R20, while the new 819-horsepower Ferrari 12 Cylindri was fitted with application-specific Eagle F1 SuperSport tyres, sized 275/35R21 front and 315/35R21 rear.

Goodyear's presence also extended through Mickey Thompson Tires & Wheels, the enthusiast performance brand within its portfolio. Mickey Thompson maintained a significant show footprint with displays in the Race/Performance section of Central Hall and the Silver Lot, showcasing products and builds spanning street, strip and off-road performance. Its SEMA programme highlighted the limited-edition Street Comp GHT Signature Series street-performance tyre, expanded Baja Boss A/T and Baja Boss M/T sizes and new MT Classic Forged wheel sizes.

The vehicles on display ranged from vintage American muscle to cutting-edge performance machines and purpose-built off-road rigs, yet they shared a fundamental drive to perform better, make a statement and become more personal.

Andrew Lau, Enthusiast Account Lead at Goodyear, said, "The SEMA Show highlights the best of the industry – emotionally charged and technology-filled and crossed with dramatic and eye-catching, which is where Goodyear and our dynamic portfolio really shine. For cars worth bragging about, we make tyres worth bragging about! Our Goodyear Eagle lineup fits the ever-growing supercar market, which we see growing especially as more enthusiasts get their hands on these cars at a range of price points. And it wouldn’t be SEMA without giant trucks and extreme lift kits, where we saw Mickey Thompson and Goodyear tyres shown off in a dramatic fashion.”

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Yokohama Tire has partnered with Tread Lightly! for the Protect What Moves You fundraiser, running through 30 November. Consumers who donate can enter to win GEOLANDAR tyre prize packs or a full set of tyres. Proceeds support trail stewardship, responsible recreation and keeping public lands open.

According to Yokohama’s Senior Manager of Corporate Communications Melissa Aguirre, each USD 10 donation earns one entry for a GEOLANDAR prize pack, while donations of USD 100 or more earn one entry for a set of Yokohama tyres. The initiative complements Yokohama’s environmental ‘Caring for our Communities’ partnerships, which include Surfrider North Orange County and the California State Parks Foundation.

Aguirre said, “We’ve been an official partner of Tread Lightly! for three years and have collaborated on several stewardship projects across the country to improve access, restore trails and protect natural resources for off-road enthusiasts and outdoor adventurers. The Protect What Moves You campaign will definitely help with those efforts.”

James Boyd Jr., Executive Director of Tread Lightly!, said, “We’re grateful for Yokohama Tire’s continued partnership and commitment to protecting the places we all love to explore. Through our work together, we’ve made a meaningful impact on trails and public lands across the country. The Protect What Moves You fundraiser gives outdoor enthusiasts an opportunity to support responsible recreation and hands-on stewardship while helping ensure these places remain accessible for future generations.”

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