It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Cooper Tires is broadening its winter portfolio across passenger cars, SUVs, and light commercial vehicles in the EMEA region. The expansion leverages over a century of expertise to deliver dependable performance for real-world winter conditions. The move underscores ongoing regional investment and aligns with a new global identity centred on toughness and practical tyre solutions.

The enhanced lineup achieves 92 percent market coverage across EMEA. Engineered for icy roads, snow and fluctuating temperatures, the portfolio maintains driver control and consistent performance in severe conditions.

The range includes Cooper Winter for passenger cars and SUVs, and Cooper Winter Van for commercial vehicles. The passenger tyre uses a high-silica compound with oil and resin technology for wet and snow traction, while dense siping enhances braking and handling. Optimised casing design improves efficiency, and the 132 SKUs cover 14- to 21-inch rims, all EV-ready.

The van tyre prioritises durability, mileage and control with V-shaped grooves for wet handling, an interlocking groove network for snow traction and a tread strengthener for extended life. Twenty SKUs cover 14 to 17 inches and are EV-ready. Further portfolio expansion is planned from 2027, reinforcing Cooper's position as a trusted winter driving partner.

Ben Glesener, Senior Technology Director Product Development Consumer EMEA, said, “The expanded winter portfolio forms part of Cooper’s broader investment in the brand, following the unveiling of a bold new global brand identity rooted in toughness, confidence and real‑world capability. This is supported by renewed product investment, dedicated customer activation programmes and marketing activity designed to build awareness and consideration across Europe.”

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Dunlop Motorcycle Europe has expanded its premier Geomax motocross lineup with the debut of the Geomax MX54, a new intermediate-hard tyre engineered to surpass its predecessor in both versatility and performance. The latest offering broadens the applicable terrain spectrum while delivering a more sophisticated performance package aimed at riders across the skill spectrum, from weekend amateurs to seasoned professionals.

Positioned as the direct successor to the Geomax MX53, this new tyre effectively closes the gap left by the discontinued hard-terrain Geomax MX71 and the soft-medium Geomax MX34. This strategic integration streamlines the broader Geomax family, which retains the popular MX14 sand and mud tyre, resulting in a more cohesive and user-friendly range for off-road enthusiasts. The technological refinements ensure the MX54 provides outstanding grip and durability, hallmarks of a tyre trusted in elite competitions like the FIM Motocross World Championship.

Extensive on-track development with top motocross athletes has already proven the MX54’s capabilities in demanding championships, ensuring that race-proven technology filters down to everyday riders. The tyre features comprehensive updates to both front and rear profiles. The front incorporates a redesigned block layout and enlarged block sizes to boost rigidity and grip on softer ground, while the rear utilises a reduced number of blocks with greater spacing between rows to enhance traction and deliver predictable handling across a wider array of conditions, drawing inspiration from the Geomax MX34 for improved ground contact feedback.

The Geomax MX54 continues Dunlop’s winning legacy, building on a record-breaking 2025 season that saw Romain Febvre claim the World Championship and adding multiple MX2 Grand Prix victories so far this year. Now available for purchase, the tyre comes in a comprehensive range of 17 sizes, accommodating front wheels from 10 to 21 inches and rear fitments spanning 10 to 19 inches.

Roberto Finetti, Marketing Manager, Dunlop Motorcycle Europe, said, “The new Dunlop Geomax MX54 features advancements that allow it to be much more versatile than MX53. We have worked closely with top MXGP teams to deliver improved grip across all terrain for riders of all levels. With the broadened scope of MX54, the Geomax range is our strongest and most versatile motocross range yet, drawing on our innovations from winning in top professional championships.”

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Discount Tire is launching complimentary tyre safety inspections across its network of more than 1,275 US locations in observance of National Tire Safety Week, scheduled from 29 June through 4 July 2026. The initiative comes just ahead of the busy Independence Day travel period, aiming to equip motorists with essential vehicle care before summer road trips.

Citing data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, proper inflation can improve fuel efficiency by as much as 11 cents per gallon and add nearly 5,000 miles to a tire’s usable life. To support safe driving, the company advises monthly pressure checks, particularly before extended journeys, since temperature fluctuations affect PSI levels and can compromise handling or cause irregular wear. A simple penny test – with Lincoln’s head fully visible indicating worn tread – along with rotations every 6,000 miles and verification of the tyre’s age via its DOT sidewall number, are among the key recommendations. Drivers seeking personalised options can utilise the Treadwell tool for tailored selections.

In partnership with the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, Discount Tire reinforces its year-round educational commitment, offering free tread, pressure and rotation services at both Discount Tire and America’s Tire stores. For those needing replacements, an instant savings promotion of up to USD 80 on select tyres and wheels runs from 30 June to 9 July. Appointments are available for all complimentary checks throughout the year.

Tom Williams, Chief Experience Officer, Discount Tire, said, "With household budgets under increasing pressure from rising costs, maintaining your tires is a practical way to save money while prioritizing safety,". "Whether families are traveling to a local event or embarking on a road trip to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Independence Day, our technicians are committed to helping them prepare for safe, reliable journeys."

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Tegeta Green Planet attended the closing ceremony and teachers' award presentation for the ‘Education for a Green Future’ project, hosted by the Environmental Information and Education Center under Georgia's Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture as part of World Environment Day observances. As part of its commitment to environmental stewardship, the company conferred its own special awards upon three educators during the event.

The project aims to support preschool and primary school teachers who integrate environmental and agricultural educational resources into their teaching, making meaningful contributions to raising ecological awareness among children and young people. Nearly 150 educators participated in this year's competition, presenting diverse, creative and results-oriented environmental education projects.

Tegeta Green Planet has operated since 2022 as one of Georgia's first authorised Extended Producer Responsibility organisations, managing waste streams including used tyres, waste oils and batteries through collection, transportation and recycling in accordance with circular economy principles. The company recognised Ketevan Tskhvariashvili from Kakabeti Public Kindergarten No. 2, Darina Malatsidze from Mikeltskaro Public School and Sopio Gvelesiani from Kutaisi Public School No. 40.

Laptops were awarded to the winning educators as incentives. Supporting initiatives that strengthen environmental education and promote sustainable development values remains a key priority for the company. The long-running ‘Education for a Green Future’ project has consistently integrated environmental topics into schooling, uniting innovative teachers and proving that education serves as a fundamental foundation for environmental progress.

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