It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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Bekaert has secured a place on TIME magazine’s World’s Most Sustainable Companies for 2026. Developed in collaboration with data firm Statista, the ranking recognizes 750 enterprises from an initial global pool of 5,800, highlighting those with outstanding environmental and social performance.

The assessment employs a rigorous, multi-dimensional methodology examining over 20 indicators. These include the sustainability of core operations, external evaluations from organisations like CDP and the Science Based Targets initiative, ESG reporting transparency and social factors such as workplace safety, leadership diversity and employee engagement. This comprehensive data-driven approach determines the final standings.

This accolade underscores Bekaert’s ongoing dedication to responsible practices and its strategy of embedding sustainability into its solutions to foster efficient, circular and low-impact industrial processes. The company’s strong social metrics reflect a safe and inclusive culture, which supports the delivery of high-quality solutions and the cultivation of enduring partnerships with customers and stakeholders.

Ann-Françoise Versele, Vice President – Sustainability and Governmental Affairs, Bekaert, said, “We are honoured to be included in TIME’s ranking of the world’s most sustainable companies for 2026. This recognition confirms the progress we are making and the commitment of our teams worldwide. Sustainability is a core part of how we operate and how we innovate. I would like to thank all our colleagues who contribute to this journey every day. Together, we remain focused on advancing our ambitions and creating lasting positive impact.”

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Tyres Europe has issued a formal response to the European Commission’s recent Omnibus proposal on Energy Labelling, urging a more cohesive strategy for regulatory simplification within the tyre labelling framework. While the industry association acknowledges the intent behind certain proposed amendments, it has identified several areas where the package could inadvertently introduce new complexities.

The proposed measures include promising steps towards digitalisation, such as the introduction of digital labels, the creation of a technical link between the EPREL database and the Digital Product Passport registry and the automation of label image generation within EPREL. These initiatives are seen as positive moves that could modernise the system and reduce certain administrative burdens for manufacturers.

However, Tyres Europe has expressed concern that other aspects of the proposal risk undermining these benefits. The potential empowerment of delegated acts to facilitate a label rescaling could generate fresh regulatory uncertainty and technical hurdles. Furthermore, the expansion of the Product Information Sheet, alongside the introduction of nested labels and additional EPREL requirements, threatens to increase administrative complexity without clear evidence that these changes would meaningfully aid consumer decision-making.

Citing recent data, Tyres Europe notes that consumer engagement with existing tools remains low, with only 39 percent of shoppers recalling the tyre label in 2024, a decline from 50 percent in 2017, and a mere 5 percent Tyres Europe Urges Cohesive Simplification in Omnibus Labelling Proposal having consulted the EPREL database. Given that the 2021 revision already rejected similar data requirements due to technical challenges, the association advocates for a targeted approach focused on improving consumer awareness and market incentives rather than adding new layers. Tyres Europe has affirmed its readiness to collaborate with the Commission to ensure the final framework delivers genuine simplification and supports a competitive European business environment.

Adam McCarthy, Secretary General, Tyres Europe, said, “The priority should be to make the existing tyre label better understood and used by consumers, not to add new layers of complexity that risk creating costs without changing purchasing behaviour. A simplification package should simplify.”

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Michelin North America, Inc. has announced a major reorganisation of its US manufacturing operations for the BFGoodrich Tires brand, a move that will consolidate production and impact approximately 1,200 workers in Alabama. The restructuring, set to begin later this year, will centralise nearly all BFGoodrich production at the company’s Fort Wayne, Indiana, facility. Consequently, operations at the Tuscaloosa, Alabama, site will undergo a phased wind-down starting in early 2027, with a projected completion date by the end of 2028.

In alignment with its corporate values, Michelin is emphasising a supportive transition for affected staff. The company temporarily paused Tuscaloosa operations to commence direct discussions with employees, with normal production scheduled to resume on 29 June 2026. No job separations are expected for several months as transition plans are finalised, and the company will engage union leaders to determine separation benefits for wage employees in accordance with the existing collective bargaining agreement and federal regulations.

The decision stems from structural inefficiencies at both plants, which are operating well below designed capacity. Simultaneously, the BFGoodrich brand faces increasing competitive pressures in the recreational and off-road tyre segment despite maintaining a robust market share and a strong performance reputation. Company leadership determined that consolidating production at Fort Wayne is essential to establishing a more efficient industrial framework to secure the brand’s long-term viability.

As tyre production and rubber-mixing activities gradually decrease over the next two years, Michelin North America intends to partner with public and private entities to identify new purposes for the Tuscaloosa site. This collaborative effort reflects the company’s ongoing commitment to the community’s future prosperity, ensuring that stewardship of the facility remains a priority even as its current manufacturing role concludes.

Terry Redmile, Michelin’s Senior Vice President for Manufacturing Operations in the Americas, said, “Because of the dedication of our teams in Tuscaloosa, BFGoodrich Tires is celebrated as a pioneering American brand, and an enduring symbol of car and truck culture. Due to the size, footprint and infrastructure of the Fort Wayne factory, that site is better positioned to consolidate the capacity and meet future demands for the success of BFGoodrich Tires. Unfortunately, we could not identify any feasible structure that would enable us to continue operating in Tuscaloosa while also supporting long-term value creation across our factories in North America.” 

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Dow will invest approximately USD 100 million by the end of 2027 to expand its specialty silicones manufacturing and research capabilities in the US, China and Japan, as the chemicals group seeks to meet rising demand from the mobility, electronics and healthcare sectors.

The investments will increase production capacity for liquid silicone rubber and engineered silicone materials, while also expanding research facilities focused on thermal management technologies.

The company said the projects would strengthen regional supply chains and support customers through local manufacturing and technical capabilities.

“These investments underscore Dow’s focus on scaling specialty silicones materials and bringing innovation closer and faster to our customers,” said Brendy Lange, president of Performance Materials & Coatings. “By expanding manufacturing and innovation capabilities in these strategic regions, we are investing to meet increasing consumer demand, strengthening our global supply chain capabilities, and enabling customers to move faster from innovation to commercialisation.”

Dow plans to expand liquid silicone rubber manufacturing facilities in Carrollton, Kentucky, and Zhangjiagang, China. The facilities are expected to begin operations in 2027 and will support applications in mobility, electronics and healthcare.

The company is also increasing capacity for engineered silicone materials used in electronics applications, including power electronics, semiconductor packaging, thermal management and electrical protection.

New capacity in Songjiang, China, and Fukui, Japan, is scheduled to come on stream this year. Additional expansions in Auburn, Michigan, and Zhangjiagang are expected to be completed in 2027.

Dow expanded its Cooling Science Labs in Shanghai earlier this year and opened additional facilities in Midland, Michigan, in June. The facilities are intended to support the development and scale-up of thermal management technologies.

The investments complete the series of silicones projects outlined during Dow’s 2024 investor day. The company said project timelines had been updated to reflect market conditions and affordability considerations.

Dow said demand for specialty silicones continues to grow in mobility, electronics and medical applications, where supply reliability, technical support and product performance remain important considerations.

In mobility and electronics markets, the expanded capabilities are intended to support applications including mobility intelligence modules, data centres, microelectronics, energy electronics, consumer electronics components and advanced safety systems.

In medical applications, the company said regional manufacturing capabilities support local supply requirements for regulated products.

Dow said local manufacturing and technical support would help customers improve supply reliability, accelerate commercialisation and meet evolving qualification requirements.

The company said its integrated silicones manufacturing network across the Americas, Europe and Asia positions it to serve growing demand in specialty materials markets.

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