It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.
Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.
Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.
The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.
The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.
The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.
The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:
• Political Globalisation
• Social Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Technological Globalisation
• Financial Globalisation
• Cultural Globalisation
• Economic Globalisation
• Geographical Globalisation
My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.
Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.
Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long, built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.
On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.
The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.
The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance of mankind.
A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.
The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.
“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”
“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)
Tolins Tyres Subsidiary Acquires Plant And Machinery For Capacity Expansion
- By Sharad Matade
- July 21, 2026
Tolins Tyres Ltd has announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Terra Rubber Pvt Ltd, has entered into a purchase agreement with Cochin Reclaim and Rubbers Pvt Ltd to acquire plant and machinery as part of its capacity expansion and backward integration strategy.
The agreement, executed on 1 July 2026, involves the purchase of identified plant and machinery from Cochin Reclaim, an unrelated third party. According to the company, the acquisition is intended to strengthen Terra Rubber's manufacturing capabilities through increased capacity and greater backward integration.
Under the terms of the agreement, Terra Rubber will acquire the machinery on an "as-is, where-is" basis. The subsidiary is required to remove the equipment from Cochin Reclaim's premises within 60 days at its own expense. Ownership of each item will transfer only after full payment has been made and the machinery has been physically removed.
Tolins Tyres said the transaction is a routine purchase undertaken in the ordinary course of business and will have no impact on the management or control of the listed company. It added that neither Terra Rubber nor Tolins Tyres holds any shareholding in Cochin Reclaim.
The company also confirmed that the transaction is not a related-party transaction, has been negotiated on an arm's length basis, and that Cochin Reclaim has no relationship with the company's promoter group or board of directors.
Nokian Tyres Posts Sharp Profit Recovery As Romanian Expansion And Premium Strategy Drive Growth
- By Sharad Matade
- July 21, 2026
Nokian Tyres delivered a sharp improvement in second-quarter profitability as higher sales volumes, stronger pricing and lower manufacturing costs boosted earnings, while the company said it is entering a new phase focused on profitable growth after completing its major investment programme.
Net sales rose 10.6 percent year on year to €379.9 million in the April–June quarter, while operating profit more than doubled to €34.8 million from €14.8 million. Segment operating profit increased 71 percent to €45 million, driven by higher sales and improved manufacturing efficiency.
For the first six months of 2026, revenue increased 7.6 percent to €659.6 million, while segment operating profit climbed to €40.7million, more than five times the €7.8 million reported a year earlier. Operating profit returned to positive territory at €17 million, compared with a loss of €21.1 million in the first half of 2025.
"We delivered a strong quarter in line with our strategic ambition," said Paolo Pompei, President and Chief Executive. "Operating profit increased by 136 percent, driven by higher sales volumes and enhanced pricing."
Passenger car tyres lead recovery
The Passenger Car Tyres business remained the principal growth engine, with quarterly sales increasing 13.9 percent to €235 million, while segment operating profit more than doubled to €35.5 million. Heavy Tyres also returned to growth, posting a 10.4 percent increase in sales, although profitability at retail chain Vianor remained under pressure from cost inflation and seasonal factors.
Chief financial officer Timo Koponen said higher sales volumes remained the largest driver of earnings improvement.
"The Passenger Car Tyres continued their very strong performance also in Q2," he said, adding that the business had benefited from improved pricing, a richer product mix and lower raw material costs.
Management also highlighted six consecutive quarters of positive price and mix development, reflecting its strategy of moving further into premium products and larger rim-size tyres.
Romania becomes a strategic growth engine
Nokian Tyres said its new manufacturing facility in Romania is performing ahead of plan and is playing a key role in rebuilding capacity following the exit from Russia.
Sales in Central and Southern Europe rose 31.3 percent during the quarter, supported by higher production from the Romanian plant. "Everything is developing in this area according to plan," Pompei told analysts, referring to the Romanian factory.
He added that the new manufacturing footprint, together with recently launched products, was enabling the company to regain market share.
"We lost a significant amount of sales when we couldn't leverage our manufacturing facility in Russia at the end of 2022. Now, obviously, we are approaching the market with a new spirit, regaining market share in all the key markets where we believe we can be successful."
The company said contract manufacturing would continue to account for around 10 percent of total production, allowing it to focus internal capacity on strategically important products.
Investment phase winds down
Having invested heavily over recent years to rebuild its manufacturing network, Nokian Tyres is now shifting its attention towards cash generation and returns.
Capital expenditure in the first half fell to €24.5 million, compared with €89.7 million a year earlier. The company expects full-year capital expenditure to remain below €100 million, substantially lower than previous years.
"Following the successful completion of our major investment phase, capital expenditure will be somewhat lower this year than in the previous year," Pompei said.
Koponen said lower capital expenditure and stronger earnings had improved free cash flow, although higher receivables linked to increased sales continued to weigh on working capital. He added that net debt declined by €49m during the quarter while liquidity remained strong.
Premium positioning remains central
Nokian Tyres continues to focus on premium products rather than competing in lower-priced market segments.
The company said all-season tyres continued to outperform the broader market, while its flagship Hakkapeliitta 01 winter tyre had received a positive customer response.
Pompei said the strategy remains centred on strengthening brand equity and improving margins.
"We keep pushing our premium positioning, strengthening our brand through strong marketing investments, new products, and, in particular, better prices," he said.
Outlook unchanged despite uncertainty
Nokian Tyres maintained its full-year guidance, forecasting revenue growth in 2026 and a segment operating margin of 8–10 percent.
While management expects replacement tyre demand to remain broadly stable, it acknowledged that geopolitical tensions, tariffs and raw material price volatility continue to create uncertainty.
"We continue to focus on executing our strategy, strengthening our premium positioning, and improving profitability," Pompei said. "While there is still work ahead, we are on the right path to deliver profitable growth and create long-term value for all our stakeholders."
Yokohama Mourns Death Of Long-Serving Motorsport Manager Simon Clarke
- By TT News
- July 21, 2026
Yokohama has announced the death of Simon Clarke, its Motorsport and Technical Manager, who was killed in a motorcycle collision on 12 July.
Clarke, who joined Yokohama HPT in 1993, spent more than three decades with the company and became a key member of its UK and European motorsport operations. He played a leading role in numerous domestic and international race series, while also supporting major European motorsport events at the request of Yokohama's global headquarters.
In addition to his motorsport responsibilities, Clarke led tyre development programmes for UK vehicle manufacturers. He also served as chairman of the Motorsport UK Production Tyre Panel and held a certified Claims Adjuster licence.
Yokohama said Clarke was a respected colleague and close friend to many across its UK business, the wider Yokohama organisation and the tyre and motorsport industries.
Outside work, Clarke was described as a devoted family man who enjoyed travelling and spending time with friends.
"Simon will be deeply missed by everyone who had the privilege of knowing him," the company said.
Yokohama extended its condolences to Clarke's family
AZuR Partner NEW LIFE Enters Federal Registry Of Sustainability Education Leaders
- By TT News
- July 18, 2026
AZuR partner NEW LIFE has secured official recognition for its educational initiative, NEW LIFE macht Schule (NEW LIFE Makes School), following its inclusion in the national ESD (Education for Sustainable Development) actor index curated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German UNESCO Commission. This distinction positions the programme among Germany's prominent contributors to Education for Sustainable Development, underscoring its role in cultivating responsible environmental stewardship among younger generations.
Through a complimentary educational offering, the initiative bridges theory and practice by introducing students and trainees to the mechanics of circular economy models, resource efficiency and sustainable corporate conduct. Using tangible examples from mechanical tyre recycling, the programme illustrates how secondary raw materials directly support climate action and resource preservation while also highlighting the commercial and societal advantages inherent in circular systems.
Educators are equipped with an array of no-cost tools, including digital learning modules, project blueprints and vocational case studies tailored for trades such as landscaping, roofing, carpentry, administrative services and soon agriculture. The curriculum prioritises circular economy principles, secondary material flows, climate protection and judicious resource usage, with the aim of nurturing systemic thinking and empowering learners to devise and implement sustainable strategies in their future professions.
For AZuR, this achievement reinforces the conviction that educational institutions play a pivotal role in driving the transition to a circular economy. The recognition not only elevates the profile of NEW LIFE macht Schule among schools and educational bodies but also strengthens AZuR's ongoing commitment to advancing tyre circularity awareness in collaboration with the initiative.
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