It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

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CEAT Kelani Holdings has been recognised as the Best Tyre Manufacturer in the Component Manufacturer category at Sri Lanka’s inaugural Automobile Industry Awards, a distinction that underscores its dominant role within the nation’s expanding vehicle assembly sector. The awards, organised by the newly established Automobile Industry Council, were presented during a formal ceremony at Temple Trees, drawing a distinguished audience of government ministers, senior bureaucrats and key industry stakeholders.

The company’s commanding presence is particularly evident in the original equipment segment, where it supplies tyres for over 90 percent of all vehicles assembled domestically. Since initiating its original equipment supply chain in 2012, CEAT Kelani has grown to become the preferred partner for assemblers, delivering more than 150,000 tyres annually for a broad spectrum of vehicles, from passenger cars to commercial trucks. Its products are now fitted as standard equipment on more than 30 locally assembled models across 11 international brands.

This position of strength is further validated by the company’s attainment of the IATF 16949:2016 certification, marking it as the first tyre manufacturer in Sri Lanka to achieve this globally respected automotive quality standard. The tyres supplied to vehicle makers undergo exhaustive validation processes, demonstrating superior outcomes in critical areas such as safety, braking performance and durability while also exhibiting low rolling resistance to improve driving efficiency.

Beyond its industrial achievements, CEAT Kelani contributes substantially to the national economy by conserving foreign exchange through import substitution and sustaining the livelihoods of over 10,000 rubber cultivator families through domestic natural rubber sourcing. The Automobile Industry Council, which hosted the awards, functions as a private-sector-led entity established with government support to foster sustainable growth and collaboration between public and private stakeholders.

The inaugural awards ceremony forms part of the Council's broader mission to promote global best practices and governance standards within the local industry. As Sri Lanka's leading tyre brand, the company sells over 1.2 million tyres annually and maintains a presence in more than 110 countries, including US and Europe.

Ranked as the country's most valuable tyre brand by Brand Finance, CEAT Kelani has invested over INR 8.5 billion in Sri Lanka over the past decade, with a further INR 4.5 billion recently committed. The manufacturer supplies approximately half of Sri Lanka's automotive tyre demand while exporting around 20 percent of its output to 16 nations, reinforcing its status as a vital contributor to the national economy.

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Vittoria has expanded its Gravel Endurance Range by introducing new 700×50c and 700×55c tyre sizes across the Terreno T10, T30, T50 and T70 models. The gravel cycling discipline has transformed from a niche mixed-terrain activity into a multifaceted sport encompassing competitive racing, multi-day journeys, bikepacking and increasingly technical routes.

Although 40 mm and 45 mm options remain effective benchmarks in certain conditions, adoption of 50 mm and 55 mm widths is accelerating across racing and adventure circles. A wider footprint delivers improved traction on loose terrain, greater stability on descents, lower pressure capabilities and enhanced comfort during prolonged rides.

Within the racing segment, the trend towards larger tyres is unmistakable, with some competitors turning to mountain bike rubber for rugged courses. Tyre pressure management emerges as critical, as reduced pressure absorbs vibrations and maintains control on unpredictable surfaces. The average weight increase of approximately 70 grammes represents a modest compromise relative to performance gains.

For bikepacking and touring, wider tyres prove invaluable for managing heavier loads, delivering superior stability and cushioning over extended distances. The flexibility to adjust pressure enables navigation of both paved roads and isolated gravel routes. This preference aligns with frame design developments, as manufacturers produce bicycles with ample tire clearance to accommodate diverse styles.

The Terreno tread patterns are purpose-built for gravel surfaces and outperform traditional mountain bike designs. With the new sizes, the Vittoria Gravel Endurance Range now addresses the full spectrum from competitive racing to wilderness adventures, empowering cyclists to select optimal configurations for their ambitions across any terrain.

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Titan International has introduced the ITP CrossTrax tyre, a new product developed to enhance utility task vehicle performance in demanding agricultural settings. The company translated direct feedback from dealers and farmers into engineering specifications, addressing the specific operational challenges faced on modern farms. This initiative underscores a strategic move to tailor equipment for the evolving role of UTVs as essential workhorses beyond simple transportation.

The genesis of the CrossTrax tyre stemmed from field observations rather than laboratory work. During the Titan University Summit in early 2025, dealers highlighted persistent issues with tyre durability and machine downtime. Concurrently, farmers at agricultural shows reinforced these concerns, emphasising the need for a tyre built exclusively for farm work, distinct from recreational models, given that UTVs are now routinely used for hauling heavy supplies across fields, gravel and hard-packed roads.

The engineering response targeted the most frequent user complaints, namely flats from crop stubble and accelerated wear from mixed-terrain use. To combat these issues, the CrossTrax features an aramid-reinforced ply layer for enhanced puncture resistance against debris. It also incorporates a low void-to-tread ratio to improve stability across varying surfaces and utilises large tread blocks to promote even wear, thereby extending service life and reducing operational disruptions.

Reinforcing Titan’s commitment to customer-driven development, the new tyre line is now available in nine sizes, covering popular models like the Polaris Ranger, Kawasaki Mule and John Deere Gator, with three additional sizes forthcoming. Early field evaluations have reportedly affirmed the design priorities, with positive feedback on improved ride stability and durability. The CrossTrax ultimately aims to increase operator confidence while minimising downtime and replacement frequency.

Todd Hinson, Powersports Product Manager, Titan Specialty Division, said, “Hearing this input directly from dealers and farmers was really eye opening. CrossTrax is the result of taking those conversations seriously and acting on them. We built a tyre around what is actually needed for farm work today. CrossTrax reflects who Titan is, a tyre manufacturer with boots on the ground, staying close to our dealers and customers. We spend a lot of time understanding how equipment is actually being used on farms and building solutions around those needs. That approach has always shaped how we innovate, and it will continue guiding us moving forward.”

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DUNLOP (company name: Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.) has formalised a new multi-year partnership with the renowned Goodwood Revival motor sport event. This agreement, which extends for up to three years, builds upon the company’s longstanding sponsorship ties with the historic Goodwood Circuit dating back to its early operational years.

The upcoming Goodwood Revival, scheduled for 18–20 September 2026 at the English circuit, will feature a substantial DUNLOP presence. A 600-square-metre exhibition booth and dedicated VIP facilities are planned, alongside a prominent display of three 1966 Ford GT40 race cars. These vehicles, fitted with DUNLOP racing tyres, are slated to compete in the event’s featured races.

This collaboration represents a strategic initiative for DUNLOP following its brand acquisition in 2025, aimed at strengthening its European market footprint. The partnership underscores the company’s ongoing commitment to supporting the classic car community while driving business expansion across the European continent.

Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond, said, “It is extremely fitting that Dunlop, one of the original partners of the Goodwood Motor Circuit, back in 1948, is to become the very first presenting partner of Revival. Their history, not only with the event and Goodwood overall, but also as a pre-eminent tyre manufacturer and innovator for well over a century, makes them the perfect brand to become our first partner of this standing. We are absolutely delighted to have them onboard.”

Yasuaki Kuniyasu, President and CEO, DUNLOP (Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.), said, “This partnership is an extremely important initiative that plays a central role in our brand strategy. Building on the shared heritage of DUNLOP and Goodwood, both of which have roots in England, we will work together with mutual respect to disseminate the value of the event and the appeal of motor sports to the world. We will strive to further evolve the brand and enhance its value.”

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