It was only many years later that we learnt about the atrocities and the inhuman ways the natives of the Amazon Valley were subjected to by the white barons to develop exporting of natural rubber to Europe to provide the main raw material for the automotive tyre industry which was gradually evolving in to a flourishing industry. The inventing of synthetic rubber in the late 1940s and the development of SBR  due to the short supply of natural rubber from the colonies  in the East to cater for the growing demand for tyres used in the military vehicles during the Second World War and the Korean War is another episode of beyond the border commercial endeavours.

Although the word ‘globalisation’ was coined by Theodore Levitt in 1983 through an article ‘Globalisation of Markets’ which appeared in the Harvard Business Review  (May-June 1983), I feel that we should go way back in the annals of history to get an understanding of the term. This knowledge may not look attractive to the modern business world. Nevertheless, the sociologists and others of similar disciplines will certainly find such knowledge useful in comprehending the modern day socio-economic woes.

Origins of globalisation may possibly be traced back to early human migrations, presumably from the Olduvai George Gorge, a site in Tanzania that holds the earliest evidence of human ancestors. Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intent of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movement over long distances. The driving motive, namely seeking dominance over fellow men and exploiting the natural environment to achieve success, does not seem to have changed over the millions of years.

The emergence of the great civilisations, e.g. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and their subsequent decline can be attributed to globalisation. Similarly, the invasions and cross-border military conquests of historical fame (or notoriety) such as that of Alexander the Great and colonisation by the West for the exploitation of natural wealth in Asia, Africa and South America reveals an ugly facet of globalisation.

The Silk Route interlinking East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe, on the other hand, was central to the economic, political, cultural and religious interactions between these regions form 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.

The industrialisation and expansion of business and commerce across countries during the past 300-plus years was fuelled by the four industrial revolutions, or waves as some prefer to identify them, namely steam power, conveyor system, computers and digitalisation. The process is continuing to the unforeseeable future with new knowledge and innovations fuelling the globalisation.

The multifaceted nature of globalisation has commonly been identified into eight types as shown below:

•           Political Globalisation

•           Social Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Technological Globalisation

•           Financial Globalisation

•           Cultural Globalisation

•           Economic Globalisation

•           Geographical Globalisation

My intention is not to delve in to a discussion about the pros and cons of globalisation, which has been comprehensively documented, but to highlight on some key aspects from this part of the world, especially of the Asian subcontinent.

Knowledge dissemination across border, in my view, is the single most important factor associated with globalisation. This appears common to all the above types of globalisation. The dissemination of the Buddhist doctrine by the great Emperor Asoka to countries spreading from the far East to the Central Asia and Middle East including the present Sri Lanka during 3rd century BCE is one of the earliest recorded instances of globalisation.

Countries with long histories going back to 3,000 to 4,000-plus years, such as India, China and Sri Lanka, possessed a vast knowledge base ingrained in the social consciousness. This appears to have significantly influenced the philosophical and intellectual thought of the Greek and Persian periods. Unfortunately, a major part of this knowledge has been eroded through the influence of the West, which started around the 16th century. One good example of this knowledge found in the ancient irrigation knowledge of Sri Lanka is the engineering  marvel of a gradient of 1 inch per mile in an ancient canal about 87 km long,  built to connect two man-made reservoirs in the 5th century AD. Similarly, India and Sri Lanka possessed a vast indigenous knowledge base in medicine, astrology, architecture, agriculture, irrigation and astrology, and it is somewhat unfortunate that this knowledge has not been adequately globalised. The only significant inroads are seen in tourism. But that too are based on the western norms.

On the other hand, we have acquired a vast knowledge from the industrialised countries on modern management thoughts and technologies which have enabled industrialisation and improvement in living conditions of the populace. In this era of interdependency, a country cannot afford to ignore the technologies which are necessary to maintain a suitable level of competitiveness internationally. However, if this is accomplished at the expense of ignoring the inherent social and cultural foundations, the long-term adverse consequences would be disastrous and unimaginable.

The adverse long-term consequences of the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and the global addiction to pharmaceuticals are already seen physically and socially in practically all the countries, especially the so called underdeveloped or developing countries.

The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the irreversible effects of global warming are two examples of globalisation which are affecting the mere sustenance  of mankind.

A country can immensely benefit by striving for stars through adopting modern technologies. However, the absolute importance of a strong base cannot be ignored or taken lightly. Back to a strong base and reinforcing the base lies at the core of sustainable development.

The words of Mahatma Gandhi echoing from the past reaffirm this plain truth in no uncertain terms.

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”

“What's past is prologue," a quote from William Shakespeare's ‘The Tempest’ presumes that though history is written, the future is anyone's to decide – with the knowledge gleaned from the past. (TT)

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Continental has signed on as a global partner of the International Biathlon Union (IBU), with the agreement set to run from the 2026/27 season through 2029/30. The deal, negotiated by the IBU’s exclusive global marketing partner Infront, covers the LaVita IBU World Cup, the IBU World Championships and the Loop One Festival.

Biathlon’s close ties to winter make it a fitting fit for the tyre maker, which frames the sport as a natural setting for a partnership rooted in a positive view of the cold season. Athletes contend with shifting snow, weather and course conditions, blending endurance with shooting precision, a combination that mirrors Continental’s emphasis on preparation and confidence.

The tie-up places Continental inside one of EMEA’s strongest winter sports properties. The IBU calendar features 54 LaVita World Cup races and 12 World Championship races, many staged in key European winter markets, with Germany, France and Sweden among the largest EMEA television audiences for the sport. Beyond reach, European biathlon fans show a strong affinity for individual mobility, as 88 percent own at least one car, 80 percent drive at least semi-regularly and 59 percent drive regularly.

For the IBU, the cooperation adds an internationally established mobility brand to a partner platform that accompanies athletes and fans across the season, opening chances to develop fan experiences and market activities around major competitions. The deal extends Continental’s longstanding sports engagement in EMEA, giving it a season-long platform that links biathlon’s emotional pull with winter mobility relevance, on the idea that proper preparation turns winter conditions into possibilities rather than limits.

Alexandra Gaillard, Head of Marketing, Continental, said, “Our partnership with the International Biathlon Union brings together two organisations that share a common belief: challenging and unpredictable conditions do not have to limit what is possible. They can create opportunities for those who are prepared. Whether on the biathlon course or on winter roads, determination and the right equipment make all the difference when conditions change. Together with the IBU, we want to inspire people to rediscover winter and embrace the possibilities it offers, helping them navigate changing conditions safely and confidently.”

Ferdinand Hoyos, Head of Business Area EMEA, Continental, said, “Biathlon is a natural fit for Continental: success in the sport depends on the perfect combination of performance, precision and control in winter conditions, just as it does for our winter tire portfolio. For decades, biathlon has been one of the most popular and successful winter sports on the Olympic stage, and throughout those decades, Continental has remained a trusted leader in winter tyre technology. This shared commitment to excellence, performance and reliability makes for a great partnership and provides a strong platform to engage with fans, customers and retail partners across EMEA.”

Felix Bitterling, Commercial & Marketing Director, IBU, said, “With Continental, we are welcoming a strong and renowned brand to the biathlon family. The company’s commitment to quality, innovation and performance resonates perfectly with the values of our sport and federation. Biathlon provides an excellent platform for global visibility while creating meaningful engagement opportunities with our passionate fan base.”

Marco Sautner, Managing Director, Infront Germany, said, "Continental has seen firsthand the value that winter sports can create for leading brands. Biathlon's passionate fan base, strong presence in key European markets and range of activation opportunities provide an excellent platform to build on that success. It is hugely satisfying to bring together two organisations that stand to benefit from a long-term collaboration."

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Sun Auto Tire & Service has entered a strategic partnership with Interstate Batteries, designating the company as the primary battery provider for the Sun Auto Network. The announcement marks a significant development for one of United States’ largest independent automotive service providers.

Operating over 600 locations across 27 states, the Sun Auto Network encompasses more than 70 local and regional automotive service brands. This partnership represents another step in Sun Auto's ongoing efforts to strengthen operations and enhance customer experience through leading category partners.

Interstate Batteries, a battery specialist with national scale and strong consumer awareness, brings dedicated category expertise, marketing resources and nationwide support to the network. The company's products are now available at Sun Auto locations nationwide, combining Sun Auto's growing service footprint with Interstate's specialised expertise and distribution capabilities to create greater consistency in product availability, promotions and warranty support.

With over 70 years of industry presence, Interstate Batteries is recognised as one of North America's most trusted consumer battery brands. Sun Auto locations will support Interstate's warranty coverage, offering customers convenient access to warranty service across the network. The partnership advances Sun Auto's broader strategy of leveraging national network strength to improve products, resources and support for its local brands.

Tony Puckett, Chief Executive Officer, Sun Auto Network, said, "As we grow the Sun Auto Network, we're continually looking for ways to use our scale to make our local brands stronger and deliver more value to our customers. That means aligning with partners who bring deep expertise in their category and can support us consistently across the country. Interstate Batteries brings a trusted brand, specialised battery expertise and nationwide capabilities that make them a strong fit for our network and the customers we serve."

Lain Hancock, President and Chief Executive Officer, Interstate Batteries, said, "Interstate Batteries is proud to partner with Sun Auto Network and serve one of the nation's largest automotive service networks. Sun Auto's scale, customer-first approach and commitment to excellence make them an ideal partner. This agreement creates an exciting opportunity to support more than 600 locations operating under trusted local brands while ensuring drivers have access to dependable battery solutions wherever they travel."

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Lassa Tyres has launched its new Snoways 5 and Competus Winter 3 winter tyres to address shifting demands across passenger car and SUV markets. Both products carry the company's EV Ready designation, confirming their compatibility with electric, hybrid and conventional vehicles. The Snoways 5 has additionally secured the TÜV Performance Mark, recognising its strength in key winter and wet handling criteria.

Designed for improved control on snowy and wet surfaces with enduring performance, the Snoways 5 surpasses its predecessor in snow, wet and wear results, as verified by independent TÜV testing. It also improves its rolling resistance label by one grade, cutting energy loss for more efficient driving. TÜV SÜD testing found measurable gains over the competitor average in snow acceleration, snow braking, lateral snow grip, aquaplaning, wet braking and lateral wet grip, alongside lower rolling resistance. Notable improvements include roughly 4 percent better aquaplaning and 3 percent gains in both snow acceleration and lateral snow grip.

The Competus Winter 3 brings this winter design to SUVs, tailoring the Snoways 5 pattern and technologies for larger, heavier vehicles. It offers assured braking and controlled handling on snow and wet roads, with next-generation winter technology delivering stronger snow and wet performance plus greater fuel efficiency. Its EV-Ready construction suits electric and hybrid SUVs while keeping drivers confident throughout winter.

Lassa has expanded its winter range in response to growing demand for larger rim sizes. Snoways 5 comes in 46 sizes spanning 15 to 21 inches, while Competus Winter 3 offers 42 sizes from 16 to 21 inches. This brings European passenger car and SUV winter fitment coverage to 84 percent, with 18-inch and larger fitments reaching 75 percent. Both tyres will launch across Lassa markets for the 2026 winter season.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

New research findings from a doctoral dissertation by Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn examine how end-of-life tyres can yield high-quality recovered carbon black (rCB) through pyrolysis while delivering substantial environmental benefits. The work, titled ‘Production and Environmental Assessment of High-Quality Carbonaceous Materials from End-of-Life Tyre Pyrolysis’, was presented in condensed form at an AZuR Chemical Recycling Project Group meeting in Dillingen/Saar on 1 October 2026.

The dissertation tackles how end-of-life tyres can be recovered and recycled to maximise their value. Pyrolysis is identified as a complementary technology that helps close recycling gaps in the circular economy and offers an alternative to fossil-based carbon black, a material that plays a crucial role in determining tyre properties.

In the pyrolysis process, rubber granules from processed tyres undergo thermal decomposition without oxygen, producing three main streams: solid rCB, tyre pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. Previous evaluations of such technologies often separated technical and environmental perspectives, relied on secondary data and lacked standardised methodologies, making findings difficult to compare.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

Bogdahn overcomes these limitations by integrating a technology-specific process model with a detailed life cycle assessment model. This combination enables a scientifically robust environmental evaluation of pyrolysis and its secondary raw materials using reliable primary data. A central component is a process model that mathematically describes material conversion by combining reaction kinetics, reactor behaviour and mass and energy balances.

Starting with laboratory-scale experiments, the model was scaled up and validated using a pilot-scale rotary kiln at the Institute of TH Köln. Comprehensive laboratory analyses of feedstocks and products supported development and validation. Optimal conditions for the investigated system were found at 650 degrees Celsius with a residence time of about one hour, achieving complete material conversion and high-quality recovered carbon black. Product distribution was roughly 40 percent rCB, 37 percent TPO and 23 percent pyrolysis gas by weight.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

Using validated primary data, Bogdahn conducted a comprehensive environmental assessment and developed a methodological matrix covering relevant standards and guidelines to address inconsistent approaches. In the rotary kiln baseline scenario, one metric tonne of recovered carbon black results in a global warming potential over 100 years of about 918 kilogrammes of carbon dioxide equivalents, compared with the International Carbon Black Association’s global industry average of 3,910 kilogrammes for conventional fossil-based carbon black, a reduction of approximately 77 percent. Even after a quality adjustment for lower carbon content, the reduction remains about 70 percent. The study followed ISO 14067 and underwent independent external critical review under ISO 14071, also covering TPO and sustainable carbon black.

Further improvements remain possible. Emissions mainly stem from electricity consumption and gas combustion, with rCB processing accounting for about 44 percent, pyrolysis gas cleaning and combustion about 36 percent and tyre shredding about 19 percent. Sensitivity analysis confirms that renewable electricity offers substantial additional greenhouse gas reductions, reinforcing that a circular economy achieves genuine sustainability only when powered by renewable energy. Enhancing material quality through demineralisation and activation could enable higher substitution rates for fossil-based carbon black.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

A central conclusion extends beyond pyrolysis itself. Raw materials, tyre manufacturing, the use phase and recovery pathways form an interconnected system spanning the entire tyre life cycle, closely linked to the carbon black, chemical, steel and energy sectors. Achieving circularity requires collaboration across systems and industries, along with greater methodological harmonisation and stronger integration of industrial value chains. The AZuR network’s work reflects this need, recognising that extended tyre use, repair, regrooving, retreading, mechanical recycling and appropriate chemical recycling must all function as interconnected elements of the value chain.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!