Smart mobility is as relevant as ever, with growing urbanisation rates in almost all countries across the globe. But the concept isn’t new. At least I recall reading about the future of driving when I was very young, and a university project concluded that in the future, cars would be able to connect to each other and slide onto some sort of rail system when driving on the highway, so nobody would have to worry about steering or speeding when covering the long stretches of the journey. Not surprising, the project couldn’t have been more wrong in its conclusion. But why didn’t it work? It would have reduced accidents, pollutant emissions, road wear and maintenance costs, and it would have probably been quite easy to develop guiding chips and software to let cars in and out of the chain.

Well, the answer is simple, and is proven by the fact that car sales are still going up worldwide in spite of an ever-growing range of alternative transportation methods available to the buyers: freedom. As global wealth keeps increasing, all societies can recognize that the first luxury people growing out of poverty take is to buy a car, in many cases even before considering taking out a mortgage to buy a house. Why do they do that? Obviously to signal their increased wealth to the people around them (it’s harder to show if your house is bought or rented), but also to enjoy the freedom of being able to go exactly where they want to go and when. In these corona times being able to move about without bumping into others in public transportation is of course also an important factor. If this wasn’t the case, car sales would be dropping rapidly. Public transportation is cheaper, if you compare it to total cost of ownership of a car it’s easy math, and in many cases it’s also faster and easier. Plus, you can be productive getting some work done or enjoying a good rest when you don’t have to sit at the wheel in a traffic jam.

For those who care about global warming and reducing the environmental impact, there’s even further incentive to get rid of the car, but still, this is not what we see in the new car sales figures – although you could argue that some people buy a new car because it pollutes less than the old one.

Bicycles

With all the new technology, it will be very interesting to see how smart mobility will be implemented in cities across the globe, and if it will change the trend for good. After all, it’s be big cities with massive population numbers that will make a difference for the planet. If we look at a city like Copenhagen, it has for many years focused on being the world’s best city to ride a bicycle in, and it has implemented many innovative structures allowing cyclists to zip from one place to another in a matter of minutes with minimal need to stop along the way. Some places bridges have been built just to cater to cyclists. No doubt you can get around faster and cheaper in Copenhagen if you ride a bike than by any other means of transportation.

Another thing that is becoming increasingly interesting in the big cities is the drone technology, now we have seen Chinese firefighters putting out high-rise fires using drones controlled from the ground, and many places they have also begun working as parcel or food delivery agents. But is there a viable case to argue that we will all be flying in private drone vessels instead of driving in cars in the coming decade? I wouldn’t bet my money on it. First of all, it would take long until the general public would trust a drone manufacturer enough to not fear dropping to the ground or being flung into a building or another drone mid-air at any moment. Second of all, they would most definitely run on electricity, which we know from electric cars means very heavy batteries and/or short operation times. Probably in colder regions you would also struggle with much lower performance during winter, and possibly weather conditions not allowing them to take off.

That’s another nightmare scenario – to be caught in a thunderstorm or hailstorm up in the air.

Naturally, the ultimate challenge would be that everyone would basically need to have a pilot license to operate them, and air traffic control would be an entirely new concept in this scenario. We have all seen movies like Stars Wars or The Fifth Element where flying vehicles somehow get into invisible lanes and layers, but it’s hard to see how that can go from fiction to reality.

Urban hubs

So, how can consumers most likely have their desire for freedom fulfilled within a smart mobility concept? Most likely by creating urban hubs or city line parking facilities, so it’s easy to take the car to, from, or between cities, but not inside them. At these hubs, you would park the car and jump on the next shuttle to anywhere in the city, or even ride a bike that you brought with you. Designing these hubs, along with ample green areas in the cities, is the only way that any city planner can create the grounds for real smart mobility, and not take people’s freedom away from them. Then the only thing left is to address the issue of the environmental impact caused by passenger cars, both combustion engine emissions and tyre pollution from wear during use and waste management at end of tyre life.

Tyre manufacturers don’t seem to be making huge changes to the technology yet, except for a few innovative products like the Michelin Tweel – and the ultimate challenge is of course that the vehicle so far has to be in contact with the road surface to move and handle satisfactorily. It’s hard to imagine any tyre concept where rubber against the road surface isn’t involved, and it’s also hard to imagine any tyre manufacturer supporting such a project, given the massive investments they have in their production equipment, which isn’t easy to readjust to put out something else. Well, at least not any serious manufacturer – there was a Chinese plant that stopped producing tyres this year to start producing face masks instead because of corona demand, but that probably says something about the quality of both products coming out of that factory, and it makes me very interested in reading their mission statement.

Ultimately, for tyre manufacturers to start investing in any game changing product development, we would have to see a development like we have seen with British Tobacco actually advertising against smoking – which is very much in line with the trends of the day but doesn’t seem rational from a business perspective. So, to conclude, I’ll venture a bet that we won’t see any drastic changes in how much smarter our mobility options will become until we either see a scenario that will allow people to experience the same level of freedom as owning a car, drastically reducing the environmental impact from driving and tyre waste, and/or creating cities where it utterly doesn’t make any sense to drive instead of hopping on the city’s smart mobility system, whatever that might turn out to be.

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New research findings from a doctoral dissertation by Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn examine how end-of-life tyres can yield high-quality recovered carbon black (rCB) through pyrolysis while delivering substantial environmental benefits. The work, titled ‘Production and Environmental Assessment of High-Quality Carbonaceous Materials from End-of-Life Tyre Pyrolysis’, was presented in condensed form at an AZuR Chemical Recycling Project Group meeting in Dillingen/Saar on 1 October 2026.

The dissertation tackles how end-of-life tyres can be recovered and recycled to maximise their value. Pyrolysis is identified as a complementary technology that helps close recycling gaps in the circular economy and offers an alternative to fossil-based carbon black, a material that plays a crucial role in determining tyre properties.

In the pyrolysis process, rubber granules from processed tyres undergo thermal decomposition without oxygen, producing three main streams: solid rCB, tyre pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. Previous evaluations of such technologies often separated technical and environmental perspectives, relied on secondary data and lacked standardised methodologies, making findings difficult to compare.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

Bogdahn overcomes these limitations by integrating a technology-specific process model with a detailed life cycle assessment model. This combination enables a scientifically robust environmental evaluation of pyrolysis and its secondary raw materials using reliable primary data. A central component is a process model that mathematically describes material conversion by combining reaction kinetics, reactor behaviour and mass and energy balances.

Starting with laboratory-scale experiments, the model was scaled up and validated using a pilot-scale rotary kiln at the Institute of TH Köln. Comprehensive laboratory analyses of feedstocks and products supported development and validation. Optimal conditions for the investigated system were found at 650 degrees Celsius with a residence time of about one hour, achieving complete material conversion and high-quality recovered carbon black. Product distribution was roughly 40 percent rCB, 37 percent TPO and 23 percent pyrolysis gas by weight.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

Using validated primary data, Bogdahn conducted a comprehensive environmental assessment and developed a methodological matrix covering relevant standards and guidelines to address inconsistent approaches. In the rotary kiln baseline scenario, one metric tonne of recovered carbon black results in a global warming potential over 100 years of about 918 kilogrammes of carbon dioxide equivalents, compared with the International Carbon Black Association’s global industry average of 3,910 kilogrammes for conventional fossil-based carbon black, a reduction of approximately 77 percent. Even after a quality adjustment for lower carbon content, the reduction remains about 70 percent. The study followed ISO 14067 and underwent independent external critical review under ISO 14071, also covering TPO and sustainable carbon black.

Further improvements remain possible. Emissions mainly stem from electricity consumption and gas combustion, with rCB processing accounting for about 44 percent, pyrolysis gas cleaning and combustion about 36 percent and tyre shredding about 19 percent. Sensitivity analysis confirms that renewable electricity offers substantial additional greenhouse gas reductions, reinforcing that a circular economy achieves genuine sustainability only when powered by renewable energy. Enhancing material quality through demineralisation and activation could enable higher substitution rates for fossil-based carbon black.

Image credit: Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Bogdahn

A central conclusion extends beyond pyrolysis itself. Raw materials, tyre manufacturing, the use phase and recovery pathways form an interconnected system spanning the entire tyre life cycle, closely linked to the carbon black, chemical, steel and energy sectors. Achieving circularity requires collaboration across systems and industries, along with greater methodological harmonisation and stronger integration of industrial value chains. The AZuR network’s work reflects this need, recognising that extended tyre use, repair, regrooving, retreading, mechanical recycling and appropriate chemical recycling must all function as interconnected elements of the value chain.

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Tyres Europe, as part of a coalition of 10 European associations representing consumers and automotive and mobility service providers, has issued a joint press release welcoming the latest CARUSO Connected Vehicle Field Test assessing the EU Data Act’s implementation across 29 major vehicle manufacturer groups. The findings confirm the legislation established important principles for accessing vehicle-generated data and encouraged some manufacturers to engage for the first time. One year on, however, the framework remains insufficient alone to enable a competitive, innovative connected mobility market.

Covering 15 automotive use cases across 28 vehicle manufacturer groups, the study concludes that while data access has improved, conditions for competitive, scalable, multi-brand services are still lacking. Access remains fragmented, inconsistent and often commercially or technically impractical across the car parc. Limited third-party access, differences in data scope, quality and coverage, and restrictive commercial terms continue to undermine the business case for innovative services. Genuine multi-brand development remains unattainable, preventing consumers and businesses from fully benefiting from connected mobility.

For many manufacturers, implementation has become a compliance exercise rather than a genuine effort to enable market access. Independent providers face limited datasets, restrictive terms, manual approvals, manufacturer-specific consent mechanisms and inconsistent technical solutions. Such approaches may satisfy the Data Act’s broadly defined obligations but are incompatible with the real-time, automated access modern digital services require.

Strong enforcement matters. Manufacturers respond faster where national authorities investigate complaints and apply enforcement mechanisms. Without consistent, harmonised, proactive enforcement across the European Union, Data Act rights risk remaining largely theoretical for a significant share of Europe’s vehicle fleet.

The coalition urges European Union institutions and Member States to enforce the Data Act consistently, issue clear guidance on fair, reasonable and cost-based compensation and use forthcoming reviews to reinforce rather than weaken it. Dedicated automotive legislation should establish common access conditions, interoperability requirements, initial technical and data delivery standards and safeguards against discrimination. Effective access must cover vehicle-generated data and the in-vehicle functions and resources needed to develop, scale and deliver digital mobility services, enabling fair competition, growth and investment.

According to the coalition, the Data Act was an important first step, but horizontal legislation alone cannot create a workable multi-brand market. Implementation varies widely: of 28 manufacturers, nine (32 percent) have barely implemented the Act; 18 (64 percent) lack adequate third-party pricing; 18 (64 percent) lack adequate data provision; and 19 (68 percent) lack an adequate API solution. Sixteen manufacturers (57 percent) enable none of the use cases, while only nine support the most feasible ones. Without stronger enforcement and dedicated automotive legislation, Europe will fall short of its innovation, consumer choice and fair competition ambitions.

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CEAT reported a 26 percent year-on-year increase in consolidated revenue to INR 47.62 billion in the second quarter of the 2026-27 financial year, while net profit stood at INR 1.12 billion as higher raw material costs continued to weigh on the tyre maker.

The company’s consolidated earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) margin was 9.5 percent, according to its unaudited results for the quarter ended 30 September.

Arnab Banerjee, Managing Director and Chief Executive, said revenue growth was supported by premium segments across business units. He added that the conflict in West Asia had kept raw material costs high, prompting the company to tighten cost controls.

CEAT expects to deliver double-digit revenue growth in the second half of the financial year, alongside further price increases, Banerjee said.

On a standalone basis, revenue rose 23 percent year on year to INR 45.48 billion. EBITDA margin was 10.14 percent, while net profit reached INR 1.64 billion.

Kumar Subbiah, Chief Financial Officer, said commodity costs were expected to remain elevated in the third quarter. The company would continue to pursue measured price increases and improve its product mix to manage cost pressures.

Subbiah said debt increased during the quarter, largely because of capital expenditure of close to INR 4.9 billion to expand capacity in areas with high utilisation, as well as dividend payments.

He added that CEAT would maintain financial discipline while investing to meet demand and support profitable growth.

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Michelin has strengthened its retail presence in India by launching two Michelin Tyres & Services outlets in Delhi, located in Dwarka and Karol Bagh. The openings make Michelin's premium tyre range, including the Made-in-India Primacy 5, accessible to customers in west and central Delhi, alongside professional fitment and tyre care. The Dwarka facility was inaugurated by Benjamin Coesnon, Marketing Director India.

The Dwarka outlet, operated with Excellent Tyres, covers 1,500 sft and caters to one of Delhi's largest planned residential sub-cities and its expanding south-west corridor. Excellent Tyres, established in 1994, brings over 30 years of experience in the capital's tyre trade. Meanwhile, the Karol Bagh store, run with Rana Tyres, spans 1,000 sft in a prominent automotive trade hub. Founded in 1977 and now led by its third generation, Rana Tyres contributes nearly five decades of technical knowledge and a loyal clientele.

The expansion reflects Michelin's sustained commitment to India. Its distribution network now exceeds 800 points of sale, while over INR 28 billion has been invested in the Chennai manufacturing plant. A further INR 6.86 billion went into a passenger car tyre line that now produces the Primacy 5 for Indian buyers. The new stores aim to deliver safer, more durable and higher-performing mobility.

Shantanu Deshpande, Managing Director, Michelin India, said, " Delhi is one of the largest premium car markets in the country. Expanding our presence in Delhi will provide accessibility to today's customers and serve the next wave of premium car owners. With the Made-in-India Primacy 5 now available at these stores, customers in the capital can get Michelin's globally benchmarked safety and longevity, backed by expert service from trusted partners. India remains a key growth market for Michelin, and Delhi is central to how we continue to build our presence."

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