The Plastics and Rubber Institute of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Association of Manufacturers and Exporters of Rubber Products, together with the assistance of the Export Development Board, conducted a two- day virtual workshop on Advanced Technology/Smart Manufacturing For The Rubber Product Industry In Sri Lanka, in December 2020. Despite the fact that the country was just raising its head from the deleterious aftermath of the first and second waves of Covid -19, the participation was beyond all expectations, thus indicating the weightage placed in keeping abreast of modern trends and moving with times by the industry community and the professionals and I presume that this is the current trend throughout the world.

As a member of the organising committee of the event and more as a hands-on person of the technologists of the not so modern generation, I realised that I was a curious and a rather passive observer of the currently fast unfolding industry scenario. The array of topics presented by local as well as overseas experts on their respective specialties was impressive. They covered Smart Energy Monitoring, IOT Built Industry Automation, Big Data Processing and applications, Conditioned based Monitoring for Maintenance, 3D/4D Printing, Virtual Product Design and Testing, Finite Element Analysis, and Product Failure Analysis.

It made me guessing with fascination, how much the information utilisation scenario in the manufacturing industry has metamorphosed during the past few decades since the times of two great discoveries/inventions, of Charles Babbage and Arthur. C. Clarke, that paved way for the evolution of the Information and Communications revolution. Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an extraordinarily talented scientist, mathematician, economist and engineer. He is best known today - as he was in his lifetime - for inventing two types of cogwheel calculating machines, the forerunners of the modern computers. It was Arthur C. Clarke. after the crest of World War II, from his base in Stratford-On-Avon, England, as a young officer in the Royal Air Force, who dabbled in science fiction writing, floated the idea of global communications satellites in a 1945 letter to the publication Wireless World. It will be of interest to learn that the latter made Sri Lanka his second home and contributed in no small way to the development of ICT and astronomy in our country during the sixties and seventies.

As I gathered, with my rather limited knowledge of ICT, that the common features, of the modern-day innovations are generating a vast amount of real time data on all key aspects of the value chain, and interfacing between the value adding activities. Automation and reducing the dependability on the human factor has been another significant trend. Another key driver has been the necessity for reliability, agility and robustness in delivering products and services to the customer in the ever-changing customer preferences, which are again fueled willfully through product promotion and creation of new needs through massive adverting campaigns and mass communications. Companies are increasingly embracing the innovative technologies, to enable business growth, wealth accumulation, contribution to the national economies, which has helped in achieving improved quality of life, particularly in the traditionally termed developed countries.

Right through his anthropogenic evolution, Homo Sapiens or the “thinking man” has been characterised by the use of his brain to find easier and faster ways of doing things, which was an absolutely vital advantage for his survival in the primitive hostile environment. Commencing with use of stone tools, discovery of fire, and iron, this trend has continued throughout the history of mankind. During the more recent period of the last three centuries, which culminated in the Industry 4.0, some key landmarks, which reflect the quest of the mankind to better lives, through increased and efficient resource utilisation can be identified.

Revolutions

This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularised by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. The first industrial revolution came with the advent of mechanisation, steam power and water power. This was followed by second industrial revolution which revolved around mass production and assembly lines using electricity. Henry Ford’s conveyor belt system was put into motion in December 1^st of 1913 in his Detroit manufacturing plant. Fully mechanised, or partially mechanised, assembly lines allowed Ford to offer a vehicle for a working family. One of his goals was to have a car that every family could own.

The car that every family would soon come to own was the Model T. His manufacturing plants would go on to produce over 15 million Model Ts and this is due almost entirely to his assembly line. In order to achieve a production of the Model T at such a high rate, he needed to break down the process of assembling the car to make it as efficient as possible to produce, while still being financially accessible.

The third industrial revolution came with electronics, IT systems and automation, which led to the fourth industrial revolution that is associated with cyber- physical systems. Some of the principles of which were the topics of the December Workshop. Generally speaking, Industry 4.0 describes the growing trend towards automation and data exchange in technology and processes within the manufacturing industry, including:

•  The internet of things (IoT)
• The industrial internet of things (IIoT)
• Cyber-physical systems (CPS)
• Smart manufacture
•  Smart factories
• Cloud computing
• Cognitive computing
• Artificial intelligence

This automation creates a manufacturing system whereby machines in factories are augmented with wireless connectivity and sensors to monitor and visualise an entire production process and make autonomous decisions. Wireless connectivity and the augmentation of machines will be greatly advanced with the full roll out of 5G

The fourth industrial revolution also relates to digital technologies that can create virtual versions of real-world installations, processes and applications. These can then be robustly tested to make cost-effective decentralised decisions. In short, this should allow for digital transformation and  for automated and autonomous manufacturing with joined-up systems that can cooperate with each other.

Black spots

It can thus be unanimously agreed that the emerging technologies have already resulted in tremendous benefits for mankind and that they have vast future potential in changing the entire human civilisation. While appreciating and accepting the usefulness of the technologies, I cannot refrain from contemplating on the black spots in the white cloth. The disadvantages of the digital technologies have been well documented throughout the world and some of these, include, data security, digital media manipulation, job insecurity, over reliance on gadgets, addiction, depersonalization, and social alienation, and stress related physical and mental illnesses and the list is not exhaustive. Diminishing of the human touch is considered by many, as a matter of grave concern, and its effect on the personal, ethical, family and social has already begun to reveal its dark side.

As an adaptive measure of the new normal mentality that followed the Covid-19 pandemic, “Social Distancing” intruded our day to day activates over the past one and half years. However, on thinking reflectively, it will be evident that Social Distancing actually had its beginnings in the first three industrial revolutions, while it got aggravated in the recent years. Dilemmas and debatable questions as to whether  dehumanisation is still progressing and what will be the outcome, if the current rate of rapid technology trend continues? These will become key challenges for the sociologists and sociopsychologists and the modern HR specialists. Prioritising automation and sub optimisation of the human resource, in the disguise of improving operational efficiency, as a business strategy of maintaining sustainability, could turn out to be short lived.

Over dependence on technology at the expense of losing the much-required human touch and interpersonal relationships, can be witnessed in many of the day-to-day activities, such as internet or online banking, bill payments, buying at super markets, home deliveries, and on-line webinars. I have personal experience of the short comings of on-line lecturing for students and on virtual workshops, which can only be utilised as a stop gap measure. As a person of the “old generation,” I find it an exhilarating experience to walk to the local bank, greet good morning to the staff, and having a friendly chat with the familiar cashier, while getting my transaction done. Some may equate such practices to lack of time management and productivity. Human interaction of this kind holds a special position in countries such as India and Sri Lanka, which has rich religious and cultural heritages, and adopting the new technologies as a panacea for improving all the aspects of efficiency and productivity in an effort be stay competitive can only be a short-term strategy.

It was Robert Frost, the American poet (1874-1963), who once philosophically remarked, “don’t ever take fence down, until you know why it was put up”

Obsolescence due to ineffective use or total non -use which we witness with machinery and equipment, may be applicable to the humans as well. It is said that the human body has about one hundred, vestigial organs, including the appendix, which have become nonfunctional, during the evolutionary process as a result on non-use and obsolescence. (TT)

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Continental has expanded its ContiTread product line by introducing the HDL 5 EP, a new long-haul drive retread engineered to meet the rigorous demands of modern fleet operations. This next-generation offering is designed to deliver consistent performance while simultaneously improving fuel economy and reducing the overall cost per kilometre for commercial carriers.

The retread incorporates a five-rib tread architecture that ensures reliable traction across extended highway routes. Its specially optimised contact patch, working in conjunction with V-shaped grooves, promotes uniform rubber wear, thereby prolonging the service life of the tread and enhancing the return on investment for each retreading cycle. The tyre is currently produced in sizes 220, 230 and 240, all featuring a uniform tread depth of 21/32.

By focusing on increased durability and operational uptime, Continental positions the HDL 5 EP as a sustainable and intelligent choice within its broader ContiTread portfolio. The tyre aims to provide a practical solution for fleets seeking to balance high performance with long-term efficiency in challenging over-the-road environments.

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Galaxy, a leading global brand of construction, earthmoving and material handling tyres, has announced its entry into the rapidly expanding UTV and ATV market. The company is launching two flagship product lines, the Hulk PSX and the Everest PSX, which build upon the firm’s century-long heritage in engineering high-performance tyre solutions.

The new tyres are specifically engineered for off-road and utility applications, promising superior durability, extended service life and enhanced traction on challenging surfaces. Both ranges also prioritise puncture resistance, stability and ride comfort, catering to a diverse array of recreational and operational needs.

The Hulk PSX is positioned for off-road enthusiasts, featuring a durable compound for longevity, tough sidewalls to resist cutting and a radial construction that supports high-speed performance. Its design includes shoulder blocks for improved cornering, a deep tread for traction, and a high tread-to-void ratio for stability, with various sizes available for 12- and 14-inch rims.

Conversely, the Everest PSX targets utility-focused users, offering resistance to cuts and abrasions, reduced vibration through pattern continuity and strong wet-surface grip. It includes rim protection and puncture-resistant features to ensure durability and is offered in multiple sizes for 12-, 14- and 15-inch rims to suit a wide range of UTV configurations.

Dyutiman Chattopadhyay, Chief Technology Officer, Yokohama-ATG, said, “Building on its 100+ years legacy, Galaxy’s entry into the UTV/ATV category is a strategic step in strengthening its presence globally. These tyres are designed to meet the evolving needs of customers seeking performance, reliability and durability in extreme conditions.”

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Bridgestone has issued a comprehensive advisory for motorists confronting the perils of summer heatwaves, which present significant challenges for both drivers and their vehicles. The combination of scorching tarmac, fully laden holiday luggage and extensive motorway travel can subject tyres to extraordinary strain. In response, the tyre manufacturer has outlined essential precautions to enhance road safety during elevated temperatures.

When temperatures climb beyond 30 degrees Celsius, the company emphasises the need for drivers to prioritise personal wellbeing. Adequate hydration and regular respite are paramount, as excessive heat can impair concentration and slow reaction times. Experts suggest scheduling a break at least every two hours, while seeking shaded parking areas is recommended to curb heat accumulation inside the vehicle.

Beyond passenger comfort, Bridgestone highlights critical technical considerations for hot weather. Tyres are particularly susceptible to added stress, prompting the company to urge pre-trip inspections. Prior to lengthy excursions, tyre pressure should be checked when cold, as heavier holiday loads require adjustment. Under-inflation can exacerbate heat generation, adversely affecting wear, stability and braking distances, with specific pressure guidelines often available for laden vehicles.

Driving behaviour requires modification under these conditions. High speeds on hot road surfaces generate significant additional heat within tyres, a risk that escalates with a full vehicle or trailer. Bridgestone counsels motorists to moderate speed and adopt a smooth driving style. A visual inspection for cracks, bulges or embedded debris is also imperative, as high temperatures intensify the effects of damage, with older tyres being especially vulnerable.

The advisory also addresses unpredictable summer weather, where heatwaves can abruptly give way to thunderstorms and heavy rain. The sudden shift from hot tarmac to a wet surface places tremendous demands on tyres and drivers. Maintaining sufficient tread depth and equipping the car with high-performance summer tyres is essential for effective water dispersal and control during these sudden changes.

Bridgestone points to its Turanza 6 tyre as a solution for these demands, offering excellent wet grip and short braking distances on wet roads. This premium touring tyre also provides enhanced driving comfort, improved mileage and optimised fuel efficiency. Motorists can therefore navigate changeable summer weather with heightened confidence and peace of mind.

Andy Mathias, Head of Marketing, North Europe, said, “The high temperatures we are currently experiencing in many parts of Europe pose particular challenges for drivers and vehicles. This makes it all the more important to pay special attention to road safety. With well-maintained tyres, regular checks and anticipatory driving, motorists can significantly improve their own safety and that of their passengers.”

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The Alliance for the Future of Tires (AZuR) is broadening its international footprint with a new European project group focused on tyre retreading. An inaugural online meeting for this initiative is scheduled for 22 July 2026, marking the first step in creating a pan-European network uniting companies, research bodies and sector specialists.

Retreading extends the lifespan of premium tyre casings, conserving raw materials and reducing CO₂ emissions while supporting Europe's circular economy. The sector faces regulatory shifts, including the ESPR Regulation, the Digital Product Passport and heightened traceability mandates.

The AZuR project group will serve as a permanent forum for retreaders, tyre makers, equipment suppliers, research institutes and associations. The agenda prioritises innovation, digitalisation, legislation, best practices and joint ventures, with the kick-off session defining the group's mission, thematic focus and structure.

The online meeting via Microsoft Teams on 22 July from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM CEST invites existing AZuR partners and new European stakeholders. Retreaders, manufacturers, academic institutions and associations are encouraged to participate and shape the platform from its inception.

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