The Plastics and Rubber Institute of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Association of Manufacturers and Exporters of Rubber Products, together with the assistance of the Export Development Board, conducted a two- day virtual workshop on Advanced Technology/Smart Manufacturing For The Rubber Product Industry In Sri Lanka, in December 2020. Despite the fact that the country was just raising its head from the deleterious aftermath of the first and second waves of Covid -19, the participation was beyond all expectations, thus indicating the weightage placed in keeping abreast of modern trends and moving with times by the industry community and the professionals and I presume that this is the current trend throughout the world.

As a member of the organising committee of the event and more as a hands-on person of the technologists of the not so modern generation, I realised that I was a curious and a rather passive observer of the currently fast unfolding industry scenario. The array of topics presented by local as well as overseas experts on their respective specialties was impressive. They covered Smart Energy Monitoring, IOT Built Industry Automation, Big Data Processing and applications, Conditioned based Monitoring for Maintenance, 3D/4D Printing, Virtual Product Design and Testing, Finite Element Analysis, and Product Failure Analysis.

It made me guessing with fascination, how much the information utilisation scenario in the manufacturing industry has metamorphosed during the past few decades since the times of two great discoveries/inventions, of Charles Babbage and Arthur. C. Clarke, that paved way for the evolution of the Information and Communications revolution. Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an extraordinarily talented scientist, mathematician, economist and engineer. He is best known today - as he was in his lifetime - for inventing two types of cogwheel calculating machines, the forerunners of the modern computers. It was Arthur C. Clarke. after the crest of World War II, from his base in Stratford-On-Avon, England, as a young officer in the Royal Air Force, who dabbled in science fiction writing, floated the idea of global communications satellites in a 1945 letter to the publication Wireless World. It will be of interest to learn that the latter made Sri Lanka his second home and contributed in no small way to the development of ICT and astronomy in our country during the sixties and seventies.

As I gathered, with my rather limited knowledge of ICT, that the common features, of the modern-day innovations are generating a vast amount of real time data on all key aspects of the value chain, and interfacing between the value adding activities. Automation and reducing the dependability on the human factor has been another significant trend. Another key driver has been the necessity for reliability, agility and robustness in delivering products and services to the customer in the ever-changing customer preferences, which are again fueled willfully through product promotion and creation of new needs through massive adverting campaigns and mass communications. Companies are increasingly embracing the innovative technologies, to enable business growth, wealth accumulation, contribution to the national economies, which has helped in achieving improved quality of life, particularly in the traditionally termed developed countries.

Right through his anthropogenic evolution, Homo Sapiens or the “thinking man” has been characterised by the use of his brain to find easier and faster ways of doing things, which was an absolutely vital advantage for his survival in the primitive hostile environment. Commencing with use of stone tools, discovery of fire, and iron, this trend has continued throughout the history of mankind. During the more recent period of the last three centuries, which culminated in the Industry 4.0, some key landmarks, which reflect the quest of the mankind to better lives, through increased and efficient resource utilisation can be identified.

Revolutions

This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularised by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. The first industrial revolution came with the advent of mechanisation, steam power and water power. This was followed by second industrial revolution which revolved around mass production and assembly lines using electricity. Henry Ford’s conveyor belt system was put into motion in December 1^st of 1913 in his Detroit manufacturing plant. Fully mechanised, or partially mechanised, assembly lines allowed Ford to offer a vehicle for a working family. One of his goals was to have a car that every family could own.

The car that every family would soon come to own was the Model T. His manufacturing plants would go on to produce over 15 million Model Ts and this is due almost entirely to his assembly line. In order to achieve a production of the Model T at such a high rate, he needed to break down the process of assembling the car to make it as efficient as possible to produce, while still being financially accessible.

The third industrial revolution came with electronics, IT systems and automation, which led to the fourth industrial revolution that is associated with cyber- physical systems. Some of the principles of which were the topics of the December Workshop. Generally speaking, Industry 4.0 describes the growing trend towards automation and data exchange in technology and processes within the manufacturing industry, including:

•  The internet of things (IoT)
• The industrial internet of things (IIoT)
• Cyber-physical systems (CPS)
• Smart manufacture
•  Smart factories
• Cloud computing
• Cognitive computing
• Artificial intelligence

This automation creates a manufacturing system whereby machines in factories are augmented with wireless connectivity and sensors to monitor and visualise an entire production process and make autonomous decisions. Wireless connectivity and the augmentation of machines will be greatly advanced with the full roll out of 5G

The fourth industrial revolution also relates to digital technologies that can create virtual versions of real-world installations, processes and applications. These can then be robustly tested to make cost-effective decentralised decisions. In short, this should allow for digital transformation and  for automated and autonomous manufacturing with joined-up systems that can cooperate with each other.

Black spots

It can thus be unanimously agreed that the emerging technologies have already resulted in tremendous benefits for mankind and that they have vast future potential in changing the entire human civilisation. While appreciating and accepting the usefulness of the technologies, I cannot refrain from contemplating on the black spots in the white cloth. The disadvantages of the digital technologies have been well documented throughout the world and some of these, include, data security, digital media manipulation, job insecurity, over reliance on gadgets, addiction, depersonalization, and social alienation, and stress related physical and mental illnesses and the list is not exhaustive. Diminishing of the human touch is considered by many, as a matter of grave concern, and its effect on the personal, ethical, family and social has already begun to reveal its dark side.

As an adaptive measure of the new normal mentality that followed the Covid-19 pandemic, “Social Distancing” intruded our day to day activates over the past one and half years. However, on thinking reflectively, it will be evident that Social Distancing actually had its beginnings in the first three industrial revolutions, while it got aggravated in the recent years. Dilemmas and debatable questions as to whether  dehumanisation is still progressing and what will be the outcome, if the current rate of rapid technology trend continues? These will become key challenges for the sociologists and sociopsychologists and the modern HR specialists. Prioritising automation and sub optimisation of the human resource, in the disguise of improving operational efficiency, as a business strategy of maintaining sustainability, could turn out to be short lived.

Over dependence on technology at the expense of losing the much-required human touch and interpersonal relationships, can be witnessed in many of the day-to-day activities, such as internet or online banking, bill payments, buying at super markets, home deliveries, and on-line webinars. I have personal experience of the short comings of on-line lecturing for students and on virtual workshops, which can only be utilised as a stop gap measure. As a person of the “old generation,” I find it an exhilarating experience to walk to the local bank, greet good morning to the staff, and having a friendly chat with the familiar cashier, while getting my transaction done. Some may equate such practices to lack of time management and productivity. Human interaction of this kind holds a special position in countries such as India and Sri Lanka, which has rich religious and cultural heritages, and adopting the new technologies as a panacea for improving all the aspects of efficiency and productivity in an effort be stay competitive can only be a short-term strategy.

It was Robert Frost, the American poet (1874-1963), who once philosophically remarked, “don’t ever take fence down, until you know why it was put up”

Obsolescence due to ineffective use or total non -use which we witness with machinery and equipment, may be applicable to the humans as well. It is said that the human body has about one hundred, vestigial organs, including the appendix, which have become nonfunctional, during the evolutionary process as a result on non-use and obsolescence. (TT)

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The Alliance for the Future of Tires (AZuR) is among three finalists for the Innovation Award of the German Mobility Industry 2026 in the Product/Project category. An expert jury spanning academia, specialist media and all sectors of the mobility industry nominated the cross-industry network for its holistic approach to the tire circular economy. Organised by the German Society for Traffic Sciences (DVWG), the award honours innovative, practical and transferable solutions for tomorrow's mobility. The winner will be announced at a ceremony on 17 November 2026 in Frankfurt's Paulskirche.

The network's goal is to keep tyres and their valuable raw materials in the economic cycle for as long as possible. AZuR connects companies from the tyre industry, tyre retail, remanufacturing and recycling with science and research and partners jointly develop and promote sustainable solutions along the entire tyre value chain. Priority goes to extending service life through proper maintenance, repair, retreading and refurbishing, with material recovery and reuse through recycling reserved for tyres that can no longer be used. Roughly 535,000 tonnes of used tyres arise in Germany alone each year, underscoring the importance of longer tyre life and intelligent use of existing resources.

The jury highlighted the finalists' systemic approach, recognising that innovation stems not only from new technologies but also from intelligently interconnecting existing solutions and actors. Joining AZuR in the final are BiciBus-Deutschland, which runs guided bike rides for schoolchildren, and radbox.nrw, a digital platform for safe bicycle parking. Beyond innovative character, the jury deemed it especially crucial that the nominated solutions are already successfully applied and transferable to other areas.

The finalist placement underscores the AZuR network's significance for a resource-efficient mobility economy, as converting linear value chains into closed material cycles demands collaboration among manufacturers, retailers, service providers, recycling companies, research institutions and users. AZuR links these stakeholders, fosters knowledge transfer, initiates research projects and pushes for wider practical use of sustainable tire solutions, so the nomination also honours its partners' shared commitment to longer tyre life, retrofitting and high-quality recycling. Awarded for the sixth time in 2026, the honour also includes a personality prize and a special Mobility Design award, with the ceremony held on the eve of the German Mobility Congress.

Prof Knut Ringat, Chairman of the Jury, said, “Innovation doesn’t always have to be the next big technology. All three finalists combine individual solutions into a system that makes mobility easier, more sustainable and more accessible – and that achieves more than the sum of its parts."

Prof Dr Jan Ninnemann, President of the DVWG and member of the jury, said, “All three finalists are already working in practice. We were also convinced that their approaches are not limited to a single location but can be adopted by other schools, municipalities or companies as well."

Anna-Maria Guth, Network Coordinator, AZuR, said, “The nomination is a great recognition for our entire network and shows that the tyre circular economy is an important driver of innovation for sustainable mobility. Together with our partners, we are committed to using tyres longer through remanufacturing, conserving valuable resources and closing the loop.”

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Partnership targets passenger car radial tyres, with new plant planned and joint venture agreement due by 2030.

Balkrishna Industries (BKT), the Indian maker of off-highway tyres, has agreed to establish a 50:50 joint venture with Italian tyre manufacturer Pirelli to manufacture passenger car tyres in India, as both companies seek to expand their presence in the market.

BKT and Pirelli signed a framework agreement on Thursday setting out the proposed venture’s structure and timelines, alongside separate agreements covering tyre manufacturing and technical support, according to a stock exchange filing by BKT.

The proposed joint venture will manufacture passenger car radial (PCR) tyres under the Pirelli and BKT brands and establish a new manufacturing plant in India. The partners intend to share the venture’s manufacturing capacity equally, with each nominating two directors to a four-member board and the chairmanship rotating between them.

The joint venture agreement is yet to be signed. The companies have agreed to incorporate the venture by December 31 2030, subject to the fulfilment or waiver of specified conditions.

Under an interim offtake agreement, BKT will manufacture Pirelli-branded passenger car tyres at its existing plant in Bhuj, Gujarat, using Pirelli’s specifications and know-how. Pirelli and its affiliates will purchase the tyres, with pricing based on actual raw material costs plus conversion costs. Payments will be made in rupees for domestic supplies and euros for exports.

The agreement includes a minimum annual purchasing commitment from Pirelli, matched by a corresponding capacity commitment from BKT. The arrangement is expected to remain in force until the joint venture becomes operational and can meet Pirelli’s demand. Otherwise, it will continue until December 31 2031, subject to a possible extension by mutual agreement.

The partnership also provides for Pirelli to supply technical support for testing BKT-branded tyres, including products for sport utility vehicles, passenger cars and two-wheelers. The services will use Pirelli’s testing facilities outside India, with BKT paying fees in euros under an agreed pricing schedule.

For Pirelli, which the filing says currently has a commercial presence in India, the venture represents a step towards strengthening its position in a market with growing demand for higher-value tyres. The company reported consolidated revenue of approximately €6.78bn for the year ended December 2025.

For BKT, the agreement offers a route into the passenger car tyre segment beyond its established business, potentially opening opportunities in domestic and international markets.

The agreements also contain restrictions on competing arrangements. While the framework agreement remains in force, neither company may enter a joint venture or similar arrangement with a third party in India to manufacture car, light truck, motorcycle or bicycle tyres, although wholly owned plants are excluded. Under the offtake agreement, BKT cannot manufacture comparable or competing passenger car tyres for third parties, but remains free to develop and sell its own BKT-branded products.

The proposed joint venture’s completion remains subject to the conditions specified in the agreements. The companies have not disclosed a financial value for the transaction or the proposed plant’s investment cost in the filing.

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The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. is set to appear at the IRC2026 AICHI Rubber & Elastomer Technical Exhibition, a four-day gathering running 3–6 November at the Aichi Sky Expo in Tokoname City, Aichi Prefecture. Held in tandem with the International Rubber Conference 2026, which convenes rubber and elastomer scientists and engineers from across the globe, the event carries the theme ‘Future Rubber Technology toward Sustainability’.

Yokohama Rubber's own display, billed as ‘Yokohama's Technology Supporting a Sustainable Society’, will spotlight innovations embedded in tyres and industrial goods that tackle societal challenges through diminished environmental footprints, stronger safety and cost efficiency and lighter labour burdens.

On the tyre front, visitors will encounter the iceGUARD 8 for passenger cars and the newly launched iceGUARD 8 SUV, introduced in September. Explanations will cover the tread patterns and the AQUA BUSTER naturally derived, highly absorbent compound responsible for grip on frozen roads. Racing fans will note ADVAN tyres built from renewable and recycled feedstocks and supplied to Japan's SUPER FORMULA Championship, alongside a BluEarth-GT AE51 prototype incorporating biomass-derived butadiene rubber. The company will also outline R&D balancing performance retention with greater sustainable material uptake and reduced petroleum dependence in synthetic rubber.

Industrial offerings include the Smart Belt, a conveyor belt carrying embedded RFID tags, together with maintenance support services that harvest wear and temperature readings to recommend upkeep approaches and belt specs matched to operating conditions – enhancing safety while trimming inspection and maintenance effort. Cutaway samples will reveal automotive air-conditioning hose construction using lightweight resin liquid piping and marine hose architecture underpinning safe seaborne crude and petroleum product transport.

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Pirelli has confirmed its tyre compound choices for the United States Grand Prix at the Circuit of the Americas, selecting the C2 as Hard, the C3 as Medium and the C4 as Soft. This marks a return to a familiar combination after the 2025 experiment that introduced an additional step between the Hard and Medium compounds. Last year the C1 served as the hardest available tyre but was unused in the race, with teams preferring one-stop strategies built around the softer C3 and C4 options. The Austin round opens a triple-header on the American continent that also includes Mexico City and São Paulo, and it stands as the second of three United States-based events this season ahead of Las Vegas.

The weekend reverts to the traditional format without a Sprint, giving teams three free practice sessions to refine car balance and set-ups on a circuit that does not demand extreme compromises. The 5.513-kilometre COTA layout blends high-speed corners, rapid direction changes and slower sections requiring strong traction, so competitiveness depends on pairing straight-line speed with efficient aerodynamic load through technical passages. From a tyre perspective, the track loads both axles: the fast corners of the first sector stress the front tyres, while the acceleration zones out of slow corners in the third sector generate thermal degradation primarily at the rear.

The asphalt is not especially abrasive, and a section between Turns 9 and 11 was resurfaced earlier this year, though ageing across the remainder of the circuit contributes to significant wear. Tyre wear rather than graining could therefore prove decisive, as several tyres reached very high wear values at last year's event. Strategically, the C2 Hard could favour long stints in what is likely a one-stop race, though typically high Texan temperatures may increase degradation and open alternative approaches. Medium-Soft was last year's most popular strategy, used by 13 drivers, with Charles Leclerc the lone podium finisher to start on Softs.

Austin has hosted the United States Grand Prix 13 times, though the event's total history spans 46 editions across six circuits; Lewis Hamilton leads with six victories, one shy of Michael Schumacher's record, and Ferrari holds the constructors' mark with 11 wins. The Porsche Carrera Cup North America season, supplied by Pirelli for the first time, concludes at COTA during the Grand Prix weekend, with Tyler Maxson leading the Mobil Pro standings by 27 points after Road Atlanta, though Aaron Jeansonne remains in contention with two races and bonus points available. Pirelli Design has also created a special podium cap by designer Denis Dekovic, featuring a star pattern inspired by the American flag alongside cacti and rattlesnakes as Texan desert symbols.

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