The Plastics and Rubber Institute of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Association of Manufacturers and Exporters of Rubber Products, together with the assistance of the Export Development Board, conducted a two- day virtual workshop on Advanced Technology/Smart Manufacturing For The Rubber Product Industry In Sri Lanka, in December 2020. Despite the fact that the country was just raising its head from the deleterious aftermath of the first and second waves of Covid -19, the participation was beyond all expectations, thus indicating the weightage placed in keeping abreast of modern trends and moving with times by the industry community and the professionals and I presume that this is the current trend throughout the world.

As a member of the organising committee of the event and more as a hands-on person of the technologists of the not so modern generation, I realised that I was a curious and a rather passive observer of the currently fast unfolding industry scenario. The array of topics presented by local as well as overseas experts on their respective specialties was impressive. They covered Smart Energy Monitoring, IOT Built Industry Automation, Big Data Processing and applications, Conditioned based Monitoring for Maintenance, 3D/4D Printing, Virtual Product Design and Testing, Finite Element Analysis, and Product Failure Analysis.

It made me guessing with fascination, how much the information utilisation scenario in the manufacturing industry has metamorphosed during the past few decades since the times of two great discoveries/inventions, of Charles Babbage and Arthur. C. Clarke, that paved way for the evolution of the Information and Communications revolution. Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an extraordinarily talented scientist, mathematician, economist and engineer. He is best known today - as he was in his lifetime - for inventing two types of cogwheel calculating machines, the forerunners of the modern computers. It was Arthur C. Clarke. after the crest of World War II, from his base in Stratford-On-Avon, England, as a young officer in the Royal Air Force, who dabbled in science fiction writing, floated the idea of global communications satellites in a 1945 letter to the publication Wireless World. It will be of interest to learn that the latter made Sri Lanka his second home and contributed in no small way to the development of ICT and astronomy in our country during the sixties and seventies.

As I gathered, with my rather limited knowledge of ICT, that the common features, of the modern-day innovations are generating a vast amount of real time data on all key aspects of the value chain, and interfacing between the value adding activities. Automation and reducing the dependability on the human factor has been another significant trend. Another key driver has been the necessity for reliability, agility and robustness in delivering products and services to the customer in the ever-changing customer preferences, which are again fueled willfully through product promotion and creation of new needs through massive adverting campaigns and mass communications. Companies are increasingly embracing the innovative technologies, to enable business growth, wealth accumulation, contribution to the national economies, which has helped in achieving improved quality of life, particularly in the traditionally termed developed countries.

Right through his anthropogenic evolution, Homo Sapiens or the “thinking man” has been characterised by the use of his brain to find easier and faster ways of doing things, which was an absolutely vital advantage for his survival in the primitive hostile environment. Commencing with use of stone tools, discovery of fire, and iron, this trend has continued throughout the history of mankind. During the more recent period of the last three centuries, which culminated in the Industry 4.0, some key landmarks, which reflect the quest of the mankind to better lives, through increased and efficient resource utilisation can be identified.

Revolutions

This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularised by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. The first industrial revolution came with the advent of mechanisation, steam power and water power. This was followed by second industrial revolution which revolved around mass production and assembly lines using electricity. Henry Ford’s conveyor belt system was put into motion in December 1^st of 1913 in his Detroit manufacturing plant. Fully mechanised, or partially mechanised, assembly lines allowed Ford to offer a vehicle for a working family. One of his goals was to have a car that every family could own.

The car that every family would soon come to own was the Model T. His manufacturing plants would go on to produce over 15 million Model Ts and this is due almost entirely to his assembly line. In order to achieve a production of the Model T at such a high rate, he needed to break down the process of assembling the car to make it as efficient as possible to produce, while still being financially accessible.

The third industrial revolution came with electronics, IT systems and automation, which led to the fourth industrial revolution that is associated with cyber- physical systems. Some of the principles of which were the topics of the December Workshop. Generally speaking, Industry 4.0 describes the growing trend towards automation and data exchange in technology and processes within the manufacturing industry, including:

•  The internet of things (IoT)
• The industrial internet of things (IIoT)
• Cyber-physical systems (CPS)
• Smart manufacture
•  Smart factories
• Cloud computing
• Cognitive computing
• Artificial intelligence

This automation creates a manufacturing system whereby machines in factories are augmented with wireless connectivity and sensors to monitor and visualise an entire production process and make autonomous decisions. Wireless connectivity and the augmentation of machines will be greatly advanced with the full roll out of 5G

The fourth industrial revolution also relates to digital technologies that can create virtual versions of real-world installations, processes and applications. These can then be robustly tested to make cost-effective decentralised decisions. In short, this should allow for digital transformation and  for automated and autonomous manufacturing with joined-up systems that can cooperate with each other.

Black spots

It can thus be unanimously agreed that the emerging technologies have already resulted in tremendous benefits for mankind and that they have vast future potential in changing the entire human civilisation. While appreciating and accepting the usefulness of the technologies, I cannot refrain from contemplating on the black spots in the white cloth. The disadvantages of the digital technologies have been well documented throughout the world and some of these, include, data security, digital media manipulation, job insecurity, over reliance on gadgets, addiction, depersonalization, and social alienation, and stress related physical and mental illnesses and the list is not exhaustive. Diminishing of the human touch is considered by many, as a matter of grave concern, and its effect on the personal, ethical, family and social has already begun to reveal its dark side.

As an adaptive measure of the new normal mentality that followed the Covid-19 pandemic, “Social Distancing” intruded our day to day activates over the past one and half years. However, on thinking reflectively, it will be evident that Social Distancing actually had its beginnings in the first three industrial revolutions, while it got aggravated in the recent years. Dilemmas and debatable questions as to whether  dehumanisation is still progressing and what will be the outcome, if the current rate of rapid technology trend continues? These will become key challenges for the sociologists and sociopsychologists and the modern HR specialists. Prioritising automation and sub optimisation of the human resource, in the disguise of improving operational efficiency, as a business strategy of maintaining sustainability, could turn out to be short lived.

Over dependence on technology at the expense of losing the much-required human touch and interpersonal relationships, can be witnessed in many of the day-to-day activities, such as internet or online banking, bill payments, buying at super markets, home deliveries, and on-line webinars. I have personal experience of the short comings of on-line lecturing for students and on virtual workshops, which can only be utilised as a stop gap measure. As a person of the “old generation,” I find it an exhilarating experience to walk to the local bank, greet good morning to the staff, and having a friendly chat with the familiar cashier, while getting my transaction done. Some may equate such practices to lack of time management and productivity. Human interaction of this kind holds a special position in countries such as India and Sri Lanka, which has rich religious and cultural heritages, and adopting the new technologies as a panacea for improving all the aspects of efficiency and productivity in an effort be stay competitive can only be a short-term strategy.

It was Robert Frost, the American poet (1874-1963), who once philosophically remarked, “don’t ever take fence down, until you know why it was put up”

Obsolescence due to ineffective use or total non -use which we witness with machinery and equipment, may be applicable to the humans as well. It is said that the human body has about one hundred, vestigial organs, including the appendix, which have become nonfunctional, during the evolutionary process as a result on non-use and obsolescence. (TT)

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PRINX CHENGSHAN showcased a lineup of agricultural tyres under its Chengshan brand at the 2026 China International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition (CIAME 2026) in Tianjin on 26 October. The display featured tyre solutions tailored to modern agricultural needs, with emphasis on large-scale field cultivation and fall harvesting applications.

Rising performance demands across smart, high-end and environmentally sustainable farming have prompted the company to steadily expand its research and development investment in agricultural tyre applications. PRINX CHENGSHAN has built a comprehensive portfolio for large agricultural machinery, including tractors and combine harvesters, delivering integrated solutions for varied operating conditions along with service support spanning the entire product life cycle.

The TX600 and TX700 radial tyres, intended mainly for tractors, each offer distinct advantages. The TX600 pairs large tread blocks with a proprietary cut- and puncture-resistant rubber compound, ensuring stable driving, dependable handling and puncture resistance during high-speed transfers between work areas. The TX700 employs a high-strength carcass and belt construction to deliver strong load capacity and traction, even in muddy, difficult fields.

For combine harvesters, the TX2000 raises load capacity by 20 percent through high-flexion characteristics, while its low inflation pressure and larger contact patch lessen soil compaction, reconciling efficient operations with farmland protection. The TB500 bias-ply tyre, a notable addition to the tractor range, features a deep tread and large, robust blocks for excellent traction, wear resistance and puncture resistance, sustaining stable, slip-resistant performance in mud and gravel.

Looking ahead, PRINX CHENGSHAN plans to continue advancing agricultural tyre innovation, targeting the evolving requirements of modern equipment and practical field challenges. The company aims to collaborate closely with partners throughout the agricultural machinery supply chain to enhance the quality and efficiency of modern farming and support a stronger agricultural sector and greater food security in China.

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Apollo Tyres Ltd has unveiled the Vredestein Traxion 95, a row-crop tractor tyre designed specifically to carry the advantages of Traxion technology into that segment. According to the company, the product offers strong grip, effective self-cleaning and extended service life, allowing farmers and contractors to get more from their equipment and working hours across the season.

Like other products in the Traxion range, the tyre uses angled lugs set apart at varying intervals, a layout intended to transfer power efficiently and hold traction in difficult ground. The uneven spacing also helps the tread shed soil as it rolls, supporting steady output between crop rows, while the tread pattern and robust rubber compound are claimed to improve operator comfort and lengthen tyre life. Spraying, fertilising and similar crop-care duties are among the tasks the tyre is built to handle reliably.

Vredestein has earned a solid agricultural reputation for grip, longevity and comfort since launching its first Traxion tyre in 1997. The Traxion 95 is scheduled to reach the market in Autumn 2026 in six popular sizes: 230/95 R32 TL 128D, 270/95 R32 TL 136D, 230/95 R36 TL 130D, 300/95 R46 TL 148D, 230/95 R48 TL 136D and 270/95 R48 TL 144D.

Yves Pouliquen, Vice President, Commercial EMEA, Apollo Tyres Ltd, said, “The launch of the Traxion 95 marks another important step in the evolution of the Traxion family. Users can now benefit from proven Traxion technology in a dedicated row-crop tyre that increases productivity between every row.”

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NEXEN TIRE has secured a place in the top 2 percent of companies globally in the 2026 ESG assessment conducted by EcoVadis, a sustainability rating agency headquartered in France. The achievement represents the third consecutive year the tyre manufacturer has earned a Gold Medal, improving from its top 3 percent ranking a year earlier. The company posted balanced scores across all four assessment categories, with environmental performance standing out as its strongest area.

Environmental management capabilities drew particular praise, including greenhouse gas emissions disclosure spanning all scopes and environmental management systems operating across global sites. NEXEN TIRE has committed to a Science Based Targets initiative-approved goal of cutting Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 58.8 percent by 2034 relative to 2023 levels. Recognition also came for broadening labour and human rights management systems worldwide, while sustainable procurement efforts earned positive marks for supplier code of conduct revisions, supply chain ESG due diligence and ESG awareness training for procurement staff.

Ethics recorded the largest improvement among assessed areas. The company maintains policies and implementation systems addressing anti-corruption, conflict of interest prevention and information security, and its expanded information security activities across global sites drew a stronger evaluation this year. EcoVadis, established in 2007, has assessed over 150,000 companies in 185 countries, awarding Platinum to the top 1 percent, Gold to the top 5 percent, Silver to the top 15 percent and Bronze to the top 35 percent.

The rating carries commercial weight, as global automakers use EcoVadis assessments when selecting suppliers. With ESG performance requirements across supply chains intensifying, especially in Europe, the result is expected to strengthen NEXEN TIRE's competitive position in original equipment tyre supply.

John Bosco (Hyeon Suk) Kim, CEO, NEXEN TIRE, said, “Maintaining the Gold rating for three consecutive years indicates that our sustainability management system is functioning effectively. We will continue to improve our ESG management practices in a systematic manner and contribute to sustainable mobility.”

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TyreSafe, UK’s leading tyre safety charity, has urged UK motorists to adopt preventative habits after research showed drivers react emotionally rather than practically following near-misses. The findings reveal that 23 percent of drivers shouted, gestured or sounded their horn after a frightening moment, while only 11 percent checked their tyres and 22 percent did nothing at all and kept driving. The pattern is consistent across the country, highlighting a widespread action gap in which drivers neglect simple steps that could improve safety.

The organisation wants near-miss experiences to serve as prompts for vehicle checks. It is promoting its ACT checks, which begin with air pressure: drivers should verify tyre pressures at least monthly and before long journeys using an accurate gauge, since correct pressures optimise braking, fuel efficiency and tyre life while lowering failure risk. Condition comes next, with tyres regularly inspected for cuts, cracks, bulges and embedded objects; any visible damage should be assessed immediately by a tyre professional as it may signal structural problems.

Finally, tread depth should be checked. For passenger cars, the UK legal minimum is 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tyre around its entire circumference. Adequate tread is especially important on rural roads, where standing water and uneven surfaces can substantially raise the risk of aquaplaning and loss of control. TyreSafe's message encourages drivers to turn a scare into a safety check and act before reacting.

Stuart Lovatt, Chairman, TyreSafe, said, “A near-miss should be a warning sign – but too often it becomes a moment of frustration rather than reflection. Checking your tyres takes minutes, but it can make a critical difference in preventing the next incident. We need to move from reacting in the moment to acting in advance.”

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