The Plastics and Rubber Institute of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Association of Manufacturers and Exporters of Rubber Products, together with the assistance of the Export Development Board, conducted a two- day virtual workshop on Advanced Technology/Smart Manufacturing For The Rubber Product Industry In Sri Lanka, in December 2020. Despite the fact that the country was just raising its head from the deleterious aftermath of the first and second waves of Covid -19, the participation was beyond all expectations, thus indicating the weightage placed in keeping abreast of modern trends and moving with times by the industry community and the professionals and I presume that this is the current trend throughout the world.

As a member of the organising committee of the event and more as a hands-on person of the technologists of the not so modern generation, I realised that I was a curious and a rather passive observer of the currently fast unfolding industry scenario. The array of topics presented by local as well as overseas experts on their respective specialties was impressive. They covered Smart Energy Monitoring, IOT Built Industry Automation, Big Data Processing and applications, Conditioned based Monitoring for Maintenance, 3D/4D Printing, Virtual Product Design and Testing, Finite Element Analysis, and Product Failure Analysis.

It made me guessing with fascination, how much the information utilisation scenario in the manufacturing industry has metamorphosed during the past few decades since the times of two great discoveries/inventions, of Charles Babbage and Arthur. C. Clarke, that paved way for the evolution of the Information and Communications revolution. Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an extraordinarily talented scientist, mathematician, economist and engineer. He is best known today - as he was in his lifetime - for inventing two types of cogwheel calculating machines, the forerunners of the modern computers. It was Arthur C. Clarke. after the crest of World War II, from his base in Stratford-On-Avon, England, as a young officer in the Royal Air Force, who dabbled in science fiction writing, floated the idea of global communications satellites in a 1945 letter to the publication Wireless World. It will be of interest to learn that the latter made Sri Lanka his second home and contributed in no small way to the development of ICT and astronomy in our country during the sixties and seventies.

As I gathered, with my rather limited knowledge of ICT, that the common features, of the modern-day innovations are generating a vast amount of real time data on all key aspects of the value chain, and interfacing between the value adding activities. Automation and reducing the dependability on the human factor has been another significant trend. Another key driver has been the necessity for reliability, agility and robustness in delivering products and services to the customer in the ever-changing customer preferences, which are again fueled willfully through product promotion and creation of new needs through massive adverting campaigns and mass communications. Companies are increasingly embracing the innovative technologies, to enable business growth, wealth accumulation, contribution to the national economies, which has helped in achieving improved quality of life, particularly in the traditionally termed developed countries.

Right through his anthropogenic evolution, Homo Sapiens or the “thinking man” has been characterised by the use of his brain to find easier and faster ways of doing things, which was an absolutely vital advantage for his survival in the primitive hostile environment. Commencing with use of stone tools, discovery of fire, and iron, this trend has continued throughout the history of mankind. During the more recent period of the last three centuries, which culminated in the Industry 4.0, some key landmarks, which reflect the quest of the mankind to better lives, through increased and efficient resource utilisation can be identified.

Revolutions

This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularised by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. The first industrial revolution came with the advent of mechanisation, steam power and water power. This was followed by second industrial revolution which revolved around mass production and assembly lines using electricity. Henry Ford’s conveyor belt system was put into motion in December 1^st of 1913 in his Detroit manufacturing plant. Fully mechanised, or partially mechanised, assembly lines allowed Ford to offer a vehicle for a working family. One of his goals was to have a car that every family could own.

The car that every family would soon come to own was the Model T. His manufacturing plants would go on to produce over 15 million Model Ts and this is due almost entirely to his assembly line. In order to achieve a production of the Model T at such a high rate, he needed to break down the process of assembling the car to make it as efficient as possible to produce, while still being financially accessible.

The third industrial revolution came with electronics, IT systems and automation, which led to the fourth industrial revolution that is associated with cyber- physical systems. Some of the principles of which were the topics of the December Workshop. Generally speaking, Industry 4.0 describes the growing trend towards automation and data exchange in technology and processes within the manufacturing industry, including:

•  The internet of things (IoT)
• The industrial internet of things (IIoT)
• Cyber-physical systems (CPS)
• Smart manufacture
•  Smart factories
• Cloud computing
• Cognitive computing
• Artificial intelligence

This automation creates a manufacturing system whereby machines in factories are augmented with wireless connectivity and sensors to monitor and visualise an entire production process and make autonomous decisions. Wireless connectivity and the augmentation of machines will be greatly advanced with the full roll out of 5G

The fourth industrial revolution also relates to digital technologies that can create virtual versions of real-world installations, processes and applications. These can then be robustly tested to make cost-effective decentralised decisions. In short, this should allow for digital transformation and  for automated and autonomous manufacturing with joined-up systems that can cooperate with each other.

Black spots

It can thus be unanimously agreed that the emerging technologies have already resulted in tremendous benefits for mankind and that they have vast future potential in changing the entire human civilisation. While appreciating and accepting the usefulness of the technologies, I cannot refrain from contemplating on the black spots in the white cloth. The disadvantages of the digital technologies have been well documented throughout the world and some of these, include, data security, digital media manipulation, job insecurity, over reliance on gadgets, addiction, depersonalization, and social alienation, and stress related physical and mental illnesses and the list is not exhaustive. Diminishing of the human touch is considered by many, as a matter of grave concern, and its effect on the personal, ethical, family and social has already begun to reveal its dark side.

As an adaptive measure of the new normal mentality that followed the Covid-19 pandemic, “Social Distancing” intruded our day to day activates over the past one and half years. However, on thinking reflectively, it will be evident that Social Distancing actually had its beginnings in the first three industrial revolutions, while it got aggravated in the recent years. Dilemmas and debatable questions as to whether  dehumanisation is still progressing and what will be the outcome, if the current rate of rapid technology trend continues? These will become key challenges for the sociologists and sociopsychologists and the modern HR specialists. Prioritising automation and sub optimisation of the human resource, in the disguise of improving operational efficiency, as a business strategy of maintaining sustainability, could turn out to be short lived.

Over dependence on technology at the expense of losing the much-required human touch and interpersonal relationships, can be witnessed in many of the day-to-day activities, such as internet or online banking, bill payments, buying at super markets, home deliveries, and on-line webinars. I have personal experience of the short comings of on-line lecturing for students and on virtual workshops, which can only be utilised as a stop gap measure. As a person of the “old generation,” I find it an exhilarating experience to walk to the local bank, greet good morning to the staff, and having a friendly chat with the familiar cashier, while getting my transaction done. Some may equate such practices to lack of time management and productivity. Human interaction of this kind holds a special position in countries such as India and Sri Lanka, which has rich religious and cultural heritages, and adopting the new technologies as a panacea for improving all the aspects of efficiency and productivity in an effort be stay competitive can only be a short-term strategy.

It was Robert Frost, the American poet (1874-1963), who once philosophically remarked, “don’t ever take fence down, until you know why it was put up”

Obsolescence due to ineffective use or total non -use which we witness with machinery and equipment, may be applicable to the humans as well. It is said that the human body has about one hundred, vestigial organs, including the appendix, which have become nonfunctional, during the evolutionary process as a result on non-use and obsolescence. (TT)

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A new study from the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has concluded that crumb rubber infill made from recycled tyres and used in synthetic turf fields poses no significant health risk to those who use or observe them. The comprehensive evaluation found no evidence linking these fields to cancer or other health issues for athletes, officials, coaches or spectators, including young children.

These engineered fields, designed to replicate natural grass, are popular due to their low maintenance, water efficiency and durable, consistent surface. Their widespread adoption in California includes over 900 installations. The infill itself consists of small granules from recycled waste tyres, which help keep the artificial blades upright and provide cushioning and traction.

OEHHA conducted the study to support California's sustainability efforts, specifically its Waste Tire Program, which seeks safe and beneficial uses for recycled materials that would otherwise go to landfills. To ensure a thorough assessment, researchers tested 35 different fields, varying in age and location to represent all of California's climate zones. Multiple samples were taken from each field to account for material differences, and air quality was monitored both during active play and at rest.

The study’s scope was unprecedented, analysing over 100 chemicals of potential concern, far more than previous investigations. In collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, researchers simulated human sweat and digestion to identify all chemicals to which a person might be exposed. To understand exposure pathways, OEHHA partnered with UC Berkeley and the University of Arizona. They surveyed over a thousand soccer players, ranging in age from 7 to 71, about their playing habits and observed games to document contact with the turf. The analysis used data from goalies, who have the most frequent contact, to estimate the maximum risk for all players, also considering the potential exposure for a crawling toddler. The final analysis indicated that risks related to cancer, reproductive harm or sensory irritation were negligible.

Kris Thayer, Director, OEHHA, said, "This study should ease concerns about the safety of crumb rubber use in synthetic turf fields. Athletes of all ages can use these fields without parents worrying about this commonly used material."

Zoe Heller, Director, CalRecycle, said, "Protecting public health is our top priority, and California is committed to making sure waste tyres are managed safely so they don’t litter communities or pose risks to residents. CalRecycle appreciates the work of OEHHA and its partners to advance our understanding in support of a cleaner, healthier circular economy."

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The all-new Vredestein Quatrac Pro 2, an ultra-high-performance (UHP) all-season tyre scheduled for launch this summer, will come armed with a next-generation tread compound technology and a highly innovative structure to deliver an unrivalled combination of year-round safety, performance and efficiency across dry, wet and winter conditions. This model represents a major advancement for the Vredestein brand, which has been a pioneer in the all-season sector since the early 1990s.

Developed from a clean sheet by Apollo Tyres at its Global R&D Centre in the Netherlands, the Quatrac Pro 2 was not an evolution of an existing design. Instead, engineers completely reimagined the tread, materials and structure to overcome the typical performance compromises found in this category. The tyre will be manufactured at Apollo’s advanced facility in Hungary.

The core of its capability is a new directional tread pattern. Longitudinal grooves work with a V-shaped design to maximise resistance to aquaplaning by efficiently evacuating water. Lateral grooves are sculpted to harmonise wet-road performance with winter traction, while a stable centre rib ensures precise dry handling and braking stability on both wet and dry surfaces. For snow-covered roads, advanced 3D interlocking sipes in the shoulder blocks provide grip without compromising tread stability in other conditions. A multi-pitch tread block sequence also refines the acoustic signature, which is particularly advantageous for electric and hybrid vehicles. The entire Quatrac Pro 2 range achieves an A-rated exterior noise label.

A revolutionary next-generation traction compound is central to the tyre’s versatile performance. This advanced material combines a unique mixture of resins and polymers with complex multi-filler technology. The result is a tyre that maintains a broad operational range across varying temperatures, with a strong emphasis on wet braking. It balances low-temperature flexibility for reliable grip on cold, wet and snowy surfaces with high-temperature stability for consistent handling and abrasion resistance on hot, dry roads, enhancing durability year-round. The tyre bears the Three Peak Mountain Snowflake (3PMSF) symbol, confirming its winter capability.

This new compound and tread design are also optimised for electric and hybrid vehicles, managing the challenges of high battery mass and instant electric motor torque by ensuring consistent grip and tread stability. The engineering goal was to provide high levels of cornering stability and precision without sacrificing ride comfort, a balance that sets the tyre apart.

Complementing the compound, the tyre's structure has been entirely re-engineered. A stiffer bead area with a double taper design ensures secure bead seating even at high speeds while distributing forces more evenly for improved comfort and stability. A dedicated belt design optimises the tyre's footprint for enhanced mileage. In mixed fitments, this improves steering precision at the front axle and stability at the rear.

The Vredestein Quatrac Pro 2 will be available in an extensive range of sizes for 17- to 24-inch rims, including section widths up to 355 for high-performance vehicles. With speed ratings up to Y (300 kmph), it firmly positions itself at the pinnacle of the UHP all-season category, with high load rating options on select sizes.

Daniele Lorenzetti, Chief Technology Officer, Apollo Tyres Ltd, said, “The Quatrac Pro 2 has exceeded the very demanding performance target we set during development while delivering superior wet grip, great snow handling, low rolling resistance and high mileage. By focusing on the fundamentals of tyre behaviour and rethinking tread design, materials and structure, we have created a performance-focused all-season tyre that delivers stability, mileage, all-season grip with best wet performance in category.”

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Trelleborg Tires will showcase its agricultural tyre solutions alongside its official distributor, Gomería Altamirano, at Expoagro 2026. The event is scheduled for 10–13 March 2026 at the Predio Ferial y Autódromo de San Nicolás in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Visitors to Booth 1504 will have the opportunity to explore high-performance radial tyres designed for the demands of contemporary farming. This collaboration represents a significant step in strengthening Trelleborg’s market presence in Argentina through a partnership with a well-established regional distributor.

The Argentine agricultural sector is increasingly transitioning from bias to radial tyre technology. This shift is driven by greater mechanisation, the use of higher horsepower equipment and a focus on improving field productivity. Farmers are turning to radial solutions for benefits such as superior traction, reduced fuel consumption, minimised soil compaction and longer tyre life. Trelleborg and Gomería Altamirano are actively supporting this evolution by providing products tailored to local conditions.

At the expo, two flagship tyre ranges will be highlighted. The TM1000 ProgressiveTraction series, intended for high-horsepower tractors, features patented double-edge lug technology to enhance grip, optimise the footprint and lower fuel usage. The TM3000 CFO range, engineered for combine harvesters, offers high load capacity at low inflation pressures to preserve soil structure and ensure reliability during harvesting.

With over six decades of experience serving central Argentina, Gomería Altamirano has built a strong regional reputation through its branches in Río Cuarto, Córdoba and Santa Rosa. Expoagro 2026 will mark their first joint exhibition, underscoring their shared dedication to delivering advanced radial technology to local farmers.

Pablo Altamirano, CEO, Gomería Altamirano, said, “For us, it is a source of pride to strengthen our partnership with Trelleborg Tires and bring world-leading tyre technology closer to Argentine producers. Trelleborg tyres are original equipment on many of the high-horsepower tractors, harvesters and sprayers currently sold and operating in the country. At Expoagro, we want to showcase these high-performance radial solutions, together with the track line that we are already commercialising, expanding the technological alternatives available to farmers.”

Eduardo Marrone, Commercial Manager, Trelleborg Tires, said, “We are proud to strengthen our alliance with Gomería Altamirano, a partner with deep regional expertise and a solid reputation in the Argentine agricultural market. Their close relationship with farmers plays a key role in supporting the country’s transition to radial technology. Together, we deliver premium tyre solutions that increase productivity, improve operational efficiency and promote more sustainable farming practices.”

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Pirelli is all set for the Chinese Grand Prix, which marks the first Sprint weekend of the 2026 Formula 1 season and will see the presentation of the newly redesigned Pirelli Sprint Qualifying Award. The second round of the championship will feature a 19-lap short race on Saturday, the first of six such events scheduled for the year.

The tyre allocation for the event remains unchanged from previous years, with teams supplied the C2, C3 and C4 compounds for the 5.451-kilometre Shanghai International Circuit. The track layout, inspired by the ‘shang’ ideogram, includes two primary straights and sixteen corners. One notable straight connects a slightly banked Turn 13 to Turn 14, while the other, which exceeds one kilometre in length, is where the starting grid is situated.

The circuit presents a varied challenge with a mix of high-speed corners, such as the sweeping Turns 7 and 8, and slower sections found at Turns 1, 3, 6 and 14. These demanding sequences, combined with fast straights, place significant stress on the tyres and will test the energy recovery capabilities of the new power units. Drivers may face difficulties with corner-entry lock-ups under heavy braking, similar to issues observed during pre-season testing in Bahrain, which features comparable braking zones.

A key variable for the weekend is the track surface, which was completely resurfaced in August 2024. The new asphalt initially provided higher grip and lower lap times, but its smoothness led to front-axle graining during the 2025 event, particularly in the Sprint race. However, as the surface has had another year to age, grip levels might be slightly reduced, potentially lowering the risk of graining. This will be assessed in early practice sessions. Teams’ simulation data suggests lap times will be closely matched to last year’s, indicating that the performance loss expected from the new car generation may be offset by other factors.

Looking back at the 2025 race, most drivers started on the Medium compound, with only three opting for the Hard. The Soft tyre was unused in the Grand Prix. The winning strategy was a one-stop, featuring a long final stint on the Hard tyre, which proved durable and resistant to graining. The podium finishers made their sole pit stops between laps 14 and 15, with Oscar Piastri taking victory ahead of Lando Norris and George Russell.

The trophy for the pole-sitter features a Soft tyre above a base embedded with a helmet decorated in the colours of the Chinese flag, which will be engraved with the winner’s name and car number. The Chinese Grand Prix returns for its 19th running at this venue, having first appeared on the calendar in 2004. Lewis Hamilton and Mercedes share the record for the most wins here, with six each. Hamilton also holds the record for the most podium finishes, with nine.

To celebrate the event, a special podium cap has been created in imperial yellow, a colour traditionally associated with prestige. It features designs commemorating the Year of the Horse and will be available for purchase on the Pirelli e-commerce platform.

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